附錄 EV2000 serieses transducer machine in the fountain [Simmons?et?al.,?1998]. Carrying on sieving in Kunming now again of several disaster in the family transducer the machine the sale the brand, comparison, end picked out AIMO to living E-V2000 seriates to change a transducer machine product. Through comprehensive an-alibis comparison, the AIMO livings EV2000 seriates to change a transducer machine, having three greatest advantages: Have another use while using a high perform-acne, have another procedure to turn a control; Two is the product dependable fun-action best: Three is an EV2000 is a kind of price to compare a very high and econ-omic type a product. AIMO'S livingsing EV2000 serieses to change a transducer machine is to adopt a special control method a realization high torque , high accuracy, the breadth adjusts to drive soon of, it satisfy in general use change a transducer machine a high performance to turn of trend;Having the same kind product of outrun defends to jump brake function and adapts bad charged barbed wire net, the ability of temperature and dust, raised the credibility of the product biggest;AIMO'S livingsing EV2000 serieses to change a transducer machine is customer in general use need and customer characteristic need, the profession's need is organic to combine of creative type product, it practical PI, simple PLC, the vivid importation exportation carries son, the pulse frequency gives to settle, have a power fail with shut down a parameter storage choice, frequency give settle passage and movement orderany passage to bind, zero transducers return bad control, the lord assists to settle control, put a transducer control, settle long control etc., turn a solution for the integral whole that the equipments manufacturing industry customer provides a high integration degree to lowering system cost, raise the system credibility to have tremendous value;The AIMO livings EV2000 serieses to change a transducer machine to pass excellent turn the PWM control technique and electromagnetism and permit sex overall design, satisfied customer biggest to apply the amenity low noise, the environmental protection request of low electromagnetism interference. 1.The spot installs the movement design of circumstance and fountain electricity circuit a request physically 1.1 spots investigation fountain installs a circumstance physically That fountain covers area about 200 square meters, tube road, submersible pump, spray a mouth, underwater colourful light, keep pond to repair etc. have been already completed work.The fountain whole shape for oval, spray water system is controled part by six sets of electricities to constitute:Group 1 is just central to establish 1 to keep a spray type to spray a mouth independently in the fountain pool, supplying water submersible pump one set, power 5.5 KWs;Group 2 is just central to be established a line of straight lines form array by ex- position to keep a spray type to spray a mouth in the fountain pool, supplying water submersible pump two sets, power 5.5 KWs 2.2 KWs;Group 3 the position establishes a set of double rhombus array to keep a spray type to spray a mouth after the fountain pool just central depend, supplying water submersible pump two sets, power 4 KWs 3 KWs;Group 4 establishes 1 turn to follow side oval an array to keep a spray type to spray a mouth in the whole shape － oval edge of the fountain fountain pool, supplying water submersible pump three sets, power 3 KWs 3 KWs 5.5 KWs;Group 5 keeps pond catchment to use submersible pump work two sets for the underground, power 2.2 KWs 2.2 KWs;Group 6 is the fountain pool underwater colourful light set, the power adds up a 4 KWs. The fountain electricity controls building position a constitution Be being apart from fountain to keep a pond submersible pump the place of 60 meters, the pedestal submersible pump power cable adopts an oak set copper coreeach time three core10 square cables follow ground the ditch conceal cover up to spread to establish The fountain uses to keep pond to establish for the underground type covered sewerage, ising divided into two or so pond, dark pond bottom depth about 4 meters.The top submersible pump is established in two or so dark pond bottoms respectively. 1.2 fountains spray water shape electricity circuit to circulate a design a request Group 1 just central independence spray type lord sprays a mouth to spray the water design height as 6 meters, after switching on spray water shape to keep constantly, until shut down. Group 2 fountain pool is just central to depend an ex- position straight line form array to keep a spray type to spray a mouth, having in order perpendicular request to spray water shape, while spraying water water type from have no water to go up to 4 meters gradually and keep 1 declined to to don't spray water to appear gradually after minute. Group 3 fountain pool keeps a spray type to spray a mouth after ising just central to depend the double rhombus array of position, requesting in order after Group 2 complete perpendicularity to spray water shape, while spraying water water type from have no water go up to 3 meters gradually and keep 1 declined to to don't spray water to appear gradually after minute. Group 4 oval array which follows an outside turn keeps a spray type to spray a mouth, requesting in order to tilt to one side 75 degrees after Group 3 complete to inside the parabola type spray water shape, the start nature of the adoption submersible pump sprays water, water type sprays 4 meters in height and keep 3 stop spraying water after minutes. Above-mentioned Group 2, Group 3, Group 4 submersible pump design becomes auto in proper order circulation, Group 1 and Group 6 underwater colourful light set design in order to switch on to start, shut down stop work. Group 5 keeps pond catchment to use a submersible pump, designing an adult in order to start, shut down to control. 2.The fountain sprays water shape electricity circuit to circulate a control design to conceive outline 2.1 Group 1s spray a mouth, Group 2 sprays a mouth, Group 3 sprays a mouth, Group 4 sprays a mouth, Group 6 underwater colourful light set adopts in fixed time a machine to always control, starting in fixed time/shut down to control.Auto in proper order circularly the part is alone another to do to control electric circuit, easy to maintain an observation. 2.2 Group 1s of submersible pumps and Group 6 underwater colourful light set, in addition to adopting in fixed time the machine always controls, the another line designs 1 to switch on to start respectively and independently, shutting down to stop work mode, easy to maintain an observation.Group 5 keeps pond catchment to use a submersible pump to also design independence of switch on to start, shut down to stop work mode.Three independence switches on to start, shutting down stop work mode, adopt contact machine from protect to move/stop the circuit can immediately attain a purpose. 2.3 Group 2, Group 3, Group 4 design become the auto is in proper order circulation.Among them, Group 2 circulation with in proper order auto start, adopting above-mentioned 2.1 item in of in fixed time machine, start control in fixed time to the early start of starting the submersible pump, promise circulating movement with the stop signal of the control circuit of the Group 4 submersible pump contact machine. Group 2 wants an au to attain to spray water water type from have no water to go up to four meters gradually and keep one after minute declined to to don't spray water gradually have to adopt to change a transducer machine of frequency modulation, adjust to press, adjust soon function then can attain a purpose.Is the 5.5 KWs 2.2 KWs according to Group 2 submersible pump power=the actual circumstance with 7.7 KWs, living the adoption EV2000-4 of the EV2000 series characteristic T0055 Gs/0075 Pses to change a transducer machine a realization to spray a water shape according to the AIMO . The exploitation changes the transducer machine CN6 to carry the son FWD mark number to carry to connect to go into in fixed time a machine to start control signal circuit in fixed time, attain a Group 2 of purpose that submersible pump starts. 2.4 Group 3s of double rhombus arrays keep a spray type to spray a mouth, attain in order after Group 2 complete the perpendicularity spray water, while spraying water water type from have no water to go up to 3 meters gradually and keep 1 declined to to don't spray water gradually after minute.Have to also adopt to change a transducer machine of of frequency modulation, adjust to press, adjust soon function then can attain a purpose.Is the 4 KWs 3 KWs according to Group 3 submersible pump power=the actual circumstance with 7 KWs, living the adoption EV2000-4 of the EV2000 series characteristic T0055 Gs/0075 Pses to change a transducer machine according to the AIMO . Group 3 submersible pump auto is in proper order circulate start control signal, the CN7 which adopts a Group 2 of submersible pump to change the transducer machine EV2000-4 T0055 Gs/0075 Pses carries son TA, the TC mark number carries to connect go into start control signal circuit, attain a Group 3 of purpose that submersible pump starts. 2.5 Group 4s of oval arrays keep a spray type to spray a mouth, tilting to one siding 75 degrees after Group 3 complete in order to inside the parabola type spray water, adopting a submersible pump start nature to spray water, water shape sprays 4 meters in height and keep 3 stop spraying a water request after minutes. Adoption's getting in touch with a machine a control circuit can immediately attain a purpose.The CN7 which gets in touch with a machine control the start of the circuit a control signal an adoption Group 3 submersible pump to change a transducer machine carries son TA, the TC mark number carries to connect into a start a control signal circuit, attain a Group 4 of purpose that submersible pump starts. 2.6 because of Group 2, Group 3, Group 4 wants to design auto circulation under the sistuation that switch on.So need not to receive the stop signal of Group 4 submersible pump contact machine control circuit a Group 2 of submersible pump control change the transducer machine CN6 to carry the son FWD mark number to carry, then can attain three sets of automatically circulating purposes. 3.the system adjust to try This kind of fountain sprays a water circuit control of the shape electricity the system of the movement to adjust to try a key to lie in Group 2, Group 3 system constitution which change a transducer machine.Spray other main spare part all adoption import piece within control of the water electricity circuit to install in this kind of fountain, insure to guarantee complete success. Before establishing AIMO to living the function parameter that the EV2000-4 T0055 Gs/0075 Pses change a transducer machine, the customer has to read its user manual and usage manual in detail.Should change a transducer machine to try according to the user manual multi-function and multipurpose change a transducer machine, used for a fountain control the movement of the submersible pump, applying should change a transducer machine in of seldom one part of function constitution parameter, greatly parts of parameters all don't need to be established perhaps say pressing original factory cans not establishes then.That fountain controls the parameter of[with] parts of constitutions as follows: F0.03 circulate an order a passage choice:(Carry a sub- movement order) F0.08 model choices:1(water pump load) F0.09 torque to promote:30% F0.10 acceleration time:6.0S F0.The 13 times limits frequency:2.00HZ F2.01 start frequency:30.00HZ F2.02 start frequency to keep time:10S F4.00 simple PLCs circulate a way choice:1000(started from the first stage, the single circle shut down behind.) F4.02 stages 1 circulate time:1.0S F4.04 stages 2 movement time:6.0S F4.06 stages 3 movement time:1.0S F4.08 stages 4 movement time:6.0S F4.10 stages 5 movement time:1.0S F4.12 stages 6 movement time:6.0S F4.14 stages 7 movement time:6.0S F7.12 output a function choice after the electric appliances:11(the PLC completes designation circularly) The FH.01 sumses settle power:7.5KW The FH.02 sumses settle electric current:15A FH.09 parameters from whole settle:2(the electrical engineering revolve action) 4.summary and result are analytical Was sprayed by this fountain water circuit control of the shape electricity the system of the movement adjust to try, the fountain sprays water shape result basic attain an owner management a staff to request a purpose.This kind of fountain sprayed water shape electric circuit to adopt two set EV2000-4 T0055 Gs/0075 Pses to change a transducer machine, two sets changed the function parameter that the transducer machine sprays water shapes to all need through many times again and again adjustment to change a transducer machine, just can be basic to complete an ideal water type. Always feel in the system adjust try the process F2.05 straight lines accelerate the function not enough ideal, expressing of actual water type difference is too big.Press ideal acceleration process, while spraying water shape water type from have no water go up to the apogee gradually of process, accelerating function straightly should is the process that an integrity didn't lack, can actual circumstance indeed BE:Group 2, Group 3 submersible pump starts circulating have no water jet, about 10 just see ground jet water go to some height suddenly just go up gradually to attain apogee thus behind after second.This blemish process many times regulate stage movement time again and again, F2.01 start frequency, F2.02 start frequency to keep time and F0.09 after torque to promote all not enough ideal, the sprays water not enough high, the has together "stairs".Regulate this stairs of high and low although can attain standard water type, can't promise the height of water type, is really a slight imperfection some regrets. After the event through very long-playing consultation understanding the circumstance study with iterative thinking, getting a conclusion finally:Appear a top suddenly ground jet water to go to some an a little bit high, then just go up to the apogee gradually, this blemish not ideal reason, is because power and discharge of submersible pump install not enough just result in the fountain spray water greatly not enough high.So the whichever fountain sprays power and discharge of the water submersible pump used in shape to install, is all key place that the fountain sprays water shape.If power and discharge of design submersible pump are too big, resulting in so gearing cost and usage the cost increase high.If power and discharge of design submersible pump install too small, reach so not a way the ideal result which spray water shape. Programmable?Logic?Controllers?(PLC),?a?computing?device?invented?by?Richard?E.?Morle-y?in?1968,?have?been?widely?used?in?industry?including?manufacturing?systems,?transportation? systems,?chemical?process?facilities,?and?many?others.?Although?PC?based?control?has?started? to?come?into?place,?PLC?based?control?will?remain?the?technique?to?which?the?majority?of ?indu-strial?applications?will?adhere?due?to?its?higher?performance,?lower?price,?and?superior?reliability?in?harsh?environments.?Moreover,?according?to?a?study?on?the?PLC?market?of?Frost?and?Sulliva-n?[1995],?an?increase?of?the?annual?sales?volume?to?15?million?PLC?per?year?with?the?hardwarev-alue?of?more?than?8?billion?US?dollars?has?been?pre-dicted,?though?the?prices?of?com-puting? hardware?is?steadily?dropping.?The?inventor?of?the?PLC,?Richard?E?Morley,?fairly?conside-rs?the?PLC?market?as?a?5-billion?industry?at?the?present?time.? Though?PLC?are?widely?used?in?industrial?practice,?the?programming?of?PLC?based?control?systems?is?still?very?much?relying?on?trial-and-error.?Alike?software?engineering,?PLC?software?design?is?facing?the?software?dilemma?or?crisis?in?a?similar?way.?Morley?himself?emphasized?this?aspect?most?forcefully?by?indicating?[Moody?and?Morley,?1999,?p.?110]: If?houses?were?built?like?software?projects,?a?single?woodpecker?could?destroy?civilization. Particularly,?practical?problems?in?PLC?programming?are?to?eliminate?software?bugs?and?to?redu-ce?the?maintenance?costs?of?old?ladder?logic?programs.?Though?the?hardware?costs?of?PLCs?are?dropping?continuously,?reducing?the?scan?time?of?the?ladder?logic?is?still?an?issue?in?industry?so? that?low-cost?PLCs?can?be?used.? In?general,?the?productivity?in?generating?PLC?is?far?behind?compared?to?other?domains,?for?inst-ance,?VLSI?design,?where?efficient?computer?aided?design?tools?are?in?practice.?Existent?softwa-re?engineering?methodologies?are?not?necessarily?applicable?to?the?PLC?based?software?design?because?PLC-programming?requires?a?simultaneous?consideration?of?hardware?and?software.?Th-e?software?design?becomes,?thereby,?more?and?more?the?major?cost?driver.?In?many?industrial? design?projects,?more?than?SO0/a?of?the?manpower?allocated?for?the?control?system?design?and ?installation?is?scheduled?for?testing?and?debugging?PLC?programs?[Rockwell,?1999]. In?addition,?current?PLC?based?control?systems?are?not?properly?designed?to?support?the?growin-g?demand?for?flexibility?and?reconfigurability?of?manufacturing?systems.?A?further?problem,?imp-elling?the?need?for?a?systematic?design?methodology,?is?the?increasing?software?complexity?in ?large-scale?projects.? 1.2?Objective?and?Significance?of?the?Thesis The?objective?of?this?thesis?is?to?develop?a?systematic?software?design?methodology?for?PLC?op-erated?automation?systems.?The?design?methodology?involves?high-level?description?based?on ?state?transition?models?that?treat?automation?control?systems?as?discrete?event?systems,?a?stepwis-e?design?process,?and?set?of?design?rules?providing?guidance?and?measurements?to?achieve?a?suc-cessful?design.?The?tangible?outcome?of?this?research?is?to?find?a?way?to?reduce?the?uncertainty?in?managing?the?control?software?development?process,?that?is,?reducing?programming?and?debu-gging?time?and?their?variation,?increasing?flexibility?of?the?automation?systems,?and?enabling?so-ftware?reusability?through?modularity.?The?goal?is?to?overcome?shortcomings?of?current?progra-mming?strategies?that?are?based?on?the?experience?of?the?individual?software?developer.. Asystematic?approach?to?designing?PLC?software?can?overcome?deficiencies?in?the?traditional?way?of?programming?manufacturing?control?systems,?and?can?have?wide?ramifications?in?severa-l?industrial?applications.?Automation?control?systems?are?modeled?by?formal?languages?or,?equi-valently,?by?state?machines.?Formal?representations?provide?a?high-level?description?of?the?beha-vior?of?the?system?to?be?controlled.?State?machines?can?be?analytically?evaluated?as?to?whether?or?not?they?meet?the?desired?goals.?Secondly,?a?state?machine?description?provides?a?structured? representation?to?convey?the?logical?requirements?and?constraints?such?as?detailed?safety?rules.? Thirdly,?well-defined?control?systems?design?outcomes?are?conducive?to?automatic?code?generat-ion-?An?ability?to?produce?control?software?executable?on?commercial?distinct?logic?controllers?can?reduce?programming?lead-time?and?labor?cost.?In?particular,?the?thesis?is?relevant?with?respect?to?the?following?aspects. Customer-Driven?Manufacturing . In?modern?manufacturing,?systems?are?characterized?by?product?and?process?innovation,?becom-e?customer-driven?and?thus?have?to?respond?quickly?to?changing?system?requirements.?A?major? challenge?is?therefore?to?provide?enabling?technologies?that?can?economically?reconfigure?auto-mation?control?systems?in?response?to?changing?needs?and?new?opportunities.?Design?and?operat-ional?knowledge?can?be?reused?in?real-time,?therefore,?giving?a?signifi