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摘 要
隨著汽車工業(yè)的高速發(fā)展，汽車帶來的環(huán)境污染、能源短缺、資源枯竭和安全等方面的問題越來越突出。為了保持國民經濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，保護人類居住環(huán)境和能源供給，各國政府不惜巨資，投入大量人力、物力，尋求解決這些問題的各種途徑。電動汽車具有良好的環(huán)保性能和可以以多種能源為動力的顯著特點，即可以保護環(huán)境，又可以緩解能源短缺和調整能源結構，保障能源安全。目前發(fā)展電動汽車已成為各國政府和汽車行業(yè)的共識，電動汽車的研發(fā)已成為汽車行業(yè)的熱點。因此，無論是從設計、研究和開發(fā)的觀點，還是從實用的角度來看，了解和掌握電動汽車技術的社會需求會越來越大。
就像人的身體由骨架來支持一樣，電動車也必須有一幅骨架，這就是車架。車架作為汽車的承載基體，支承著發(fā)動機、離合器、變速器、轉向器、非承載式車身等有關機件，承受著傳給它的各種力和力矩。車架在其使用過程中，不僅要承受由懸架系統(tǒng)所產生的各種反力的作用，而且要承受車輛行駛過程中所產生的各種動載荷的作用，從被動安全性考慮，乘車車架應具有易于吸收撞擊能量的特點，因此，車架是一個受力很大且受載情況十分復雜的部件。
關鍵詞：能源短缺； 電動汽車； 車架； 承載；
ABSTRACT
As the car industry is developing at breakneck speed, the car, the environmental pollution, energy shortage, resources exhausted and safety problems are becoming increasingly evident. in order to maintain the sustainable development and protection of human living environment and energy supply and governments at and a lot of manpower and material resources to solve the problems of various channels. Electric car with a good environmental performance and can be in a variety of energy to power, can to protect the environment and may relieve the shortage of energy and energy restructuring, and ensure energy security. The development of electric cars became the governments and the car industry, electronic the development has become a hot car industry. therefore, whether by design, research and development, or from a practical point of view, understand and grasp the car technology and social needs.
Just as the human body from skeleton to support, electric car must have a skeleton, which is the frame. Frame as the car bearing base, bearing the engine, clutch, transmission, steering, non bearing body and other related parts, bear to its various forces and torques. The frame in the using process, not only to be under the suspension system produced by the reaction force, and to bear the traffic generated by the process of dynamic loads, from passive safety considerations, riding frame should be easy to absorb impact energy, therefore, the frame is a great force and the load condition is very complex components.
Key words：Shortage of energy; electric vehicle; frame; bearing;
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