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摘 要 本文的研究是以汽車用液力變矩器為研究對(duì)象，基于三維流場(chǎng)理論，借助于UG、GAMBIT、FLUENT等軟件，對(duì)液力變矩器的內(nèi)流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了仿真計(jì)算。本課題研究的目的和意義就在于，通過CFD軟件的模擬仿真，對(duì)液力變矩器的流道的壓力和速度進(jìn)行有效分析計(jì)算。本文主要有以下內(nèi)容： (1)首先介紹了課題研究的背景，液力變矩器在國內(nèi)外的應(yīng)用情況和流場(chǎng)理論的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，指出了液力變矩器設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算的發(fā)展方向是三維流場(chǎng)理論；然后對(duì)液力變矩器的組成以及工作原理進(jìn)行了闡述，并指出了主要研究內(nèi)容。 (2)闡述了計(jì)算流體力學(xué)的基本理論。首先列出了控制方程包括連續(xù)性方程和動(dòng)量守恒方程，由于本課題研究的是不可壓縮流體，熱交換量可以忽略不計(jì)，敵不考慮能量守恒方程，然后介紹了將控制方程離散化的方法；接著詳細(xì)介紹了有限體積法的基本原理，常用的離散格式：分析了網(wǎng)格的生成技術(shù)，分別對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)格、非結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)格以及混合網(wǎng)格作了闡述；最后介紹了常用的湍流模型，湍流流動(dòng)的近壁處理方法和流場(chǎng)數(shù)值計(jì)算的算法。介紹了反求發(fā)測(cè)繪液力變矩器。 (3)介紹了常用的一些CFD軟件，并選擇FLUENT對(duì)本課題進(jìn)行研究；為了能夠順利地得到收斂解，提出了研究液力變矩器流場(chǎng)的一些假設(shè)，并對(duì)流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了一定的簡化；然后通過CAD軟件UG建立葉輪流道的幾何模型，并使用GAMBIT生成計(jì)算網(wǎng)格，為了提高計(jì)算精度，使用六面體網(wǎng)格；選擇分離求解器隱式格式進(jìn)行求解，使用絕對(duì)速度方程，湍流模型選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)k一￡模型，同時(shí)使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壁面函數(shù)；離散格式采用二階迎風(fēng)格式(這樣可以提高解算精度)，壓力一速度耦合選用SIMPLE算法，入口邊界條件使用壓力入口，出口邊界條件使用壓力出口，其余壁面使用非滑移壁面邊界條件；在葉輪之間的交互面上使用混合平面模型。 (4)對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析，并與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較，二者基本吻合證明了三維流場(chǎng)分析的正確性。最后對(duì)研究過程中存在的問題進(jìn)行了分析。 (5)對(duì)全文進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。 關(guān)鍵詞：液力變矩器、內(nèi)流場(chǎng)、FLUENT ABASTRACT The research is a part of national fund project of key laboratory of the vehicle transmission. The internal flow field of the car model torque converter was numerically simulated by UCH GAMBIT and FLUENT, based on 3-D flow field theory. To do the research in order to solve the problem that hydraulic transmission efficiency and the precision of designs were low and change a situation of long R&D period and low success rate, and further improve the performance of the torque converter and designing and manufacturing level. The following is the main contents: (1)Firstly, the background of subject research and the application of the torque converter in the world and the current situation of the development of the field flow theory was introduced, and 3-D field flow theory will be used in design calculation on torque converter in the future; Then composition and operation principle of the converter were explained and the main contents of research was introduced. (2 )Basic theories of CFD was introduced. The governing equation, including mass conservation equation and momentum conservation equation, was listed. Because the basic of research was the incompressible fluid and the hot could be ignored, so the energy conservation equation was not considered; Then introduced the basic principle of the limited volume method in detail, discrete scheme, the creation technology of the grid and turbulent model and introduced the method of near wall treatment methods and the algorithm of calculating field flows. (3)carry on simplify Introduced some CFD software and research; For getting result smoothly, to choose FLUENT to were taken; To set up the geometric model by assumptions and FLUENT and to create the grid by GAMBIT. And in order to improve the precision of calculating, to use the grid of hexahedron; To choose separated solver and the implicit scheme model, the turbulent model was the standard k-:model and the standard wall function was used at the same time; The boundary condition of the entry was the pressure inlet and that of the exit is the pressure outlet and other wall used non- slip wall; Mixing plane model was used in mutual faces between impellers. (4 ) The results of calculation was analyzed and was compared with those of experiment, and maximum error was less than 5%, which proved that three dimensional calculation was correct. Finally some questions in research was analyzed. (5)Summary finally. Key words: the torque converter, internal flow field，F(xiàn)LUENT 目 錄 第 第1章 緒 論 1 1．1研究背景 1 1．1．1液力變矩器在國內(nèi)外的應(yīng)用 1 1．1．2流場(chǎng)理論的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2 1．2液力變矩器的組成及工作原理 4 1．2．1液力變矩器的組成 4 1．2．2液力變矩器的工作原理 5 1．3研究目的和意義以及主要研究內(nèi)容 7 1．3．1研究目的和意義 7 1．3．2主要研究內(nèi)容 7 第2章 液力變矩器的測(cè)繪和反求 8 2. 1測(cè)繪過程 8 2. 2三維光學(xué)測(cè)量儀編程 9 2. 3數(shù)據(jù)處理和反求 12 第3章 液力變矩器內(nèi)流場(chǎng)數(shù)值分析 14 3．1常用的CFD軟件介紹 14 3.2建立流場(chǎng)計(jì)算的幾何模型 15 3．2. 1分析中的假設(shè)和簡化 15 3．2．2幾何模型 16 3．3生成計(jì)算網(wǎng)格 17 3．3．1 GAMBIT簡介 17 3. 3．2劃分網(wǎng)格 18 3．4設(shè)置求解器 19 3．4. 1求解器的選擇 19 3．4．2控制方程的線性化 21 3．4．3參考?jí)毫Φ倪x擇 21 3．5選擇湍流模型 22 3.6定義流體的物理性質(zhì) 23 3.7設(shè)置邊界條件和初始條件 24 3．7．1入口邊界條件 24 3．7．2出口邊界條件 24 3．7．3壁面邊界條件 25 3．7．4初始條件 25 3．8收斂準(zhǔn)則 26 3．9本章小結(jié) 26 第4章 液力變矩器內(nèi)流場(chǎng)計(jì)算結(jié)果分析 27 4．1泵輪流場(chǎng)分析 27 4．1．1泵輪入口流場(chǎng) 29 5．1．2泵輪出口面流場(chǎng) 29 4．2渦輪流場(chǎng)分析 30 4．2．1渦輪入口流場(chǎng) 32 4．2．2渦輪出口流場(chǎng) 32 4. 3導(dǎo)輪流場(chǎng)分析 33 4．3．1導(dǎo)輪入口流場(chǎng) 35 4．3．2導(dǎo)輪出口流場(chǎng) 35 4．4本章小結(jié) 36 第5章 全文總結(jié) 37 參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 39 致 謝 40 附 錄 41 4