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BR main EnglishSong TeachYourChildren AboutEducation Warm upQuestions BR EnglishSong EnglishSong TeachYourChildren TeachYourChildren QuestionsandAnswers IntroductoryRemarks Crosby StillsandNash BR AboutEducation AboutEducation ASurvey APracticalExperiment EducationintheWest BR IntroductoryRemarks Waysoflearning isthetopicofthisunit Itisalsothetopicofthesongyouareabouttolistento calledTeachYourChildrensungbyCrosby StillsandNash IntroductoryRemarks BR IntroductoryRemarks2 BR TeachYourChildren1 TeachYourChildren Directions Listentothesongandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear You whoareMustthatyoucanliveby Andso becomeyourself Because isjustagoodbye Teachyourchildrenwell Theirfather shelldidslowlygoby AndfeedthemTheonetheypicks theoneyou llknowby ontheroad haveacode thepast onyourdreams BR TeachYourChildren2 Don tyoueveraskthemwhy iftheytoldyou youwillcry Sojustlookatthemandsighandknowtheyloveyou Andyou oftenderyears Can tthatyoureldersgrewby Andsopleasehelpthemwithyouryouth Theybeforetheycandie Teachyourparentswell Theirchildren shellwillslowlygoby AndfeedthemTheonetheypicks theoneyou llknowby knowthefears seekthetruth onyourdreams BR TeachYourChildren3 Don tyoueveraskthemwhy iftheytoldyou youwillcry Sojustlookatthemandsighandknowtheyloveyou BR QuestionsandAnswers QuestionsandAnswers 1 Whatisacodethatyoucanliveby Asetofrulestoguideyouontheroadoflife 2 Isthesongonlyabouthowparentsshouldteachtheirchildren No Thefirstpartofthesongisabouthowparentscanteachtheirchildrenthroughsharingwiththemtheirdreams Andinthesecondpart wearetoldthatchildrenalsohavesomethingtoteachtheirparents helpthemwithyouryouth 3 Doyouknowanythingaboutthesingers BR Crosby StillsandNash1 Crosby StillsandNash ThemusicalpartnershipofDavidCrosby b Aug 14 1941 StephenStills b Jan 3 1945 andGrahamNash b Feb 2 1942 wasnotonlyoneofthemostsuccessfultouringandrecordingactsofthelate1960s 1970s andearly1980s withthecolorful contrastingnatureofthemembers charactersandtheirconnectiontothepoliticalandculturalupheavals 動(dòng)蕩 劇變 ofthetime itwastheonlyAmerican basedbandtoapproachtheoverallsocietal 社會(huì)的 impactoftheBeatles Theresultingtrio 三人組 wascharacterizedbyauniquevocalblendandamusicalapproachthatrangedfromfolktopoptohardrock BR Crosby StillsandNash2 CSN s initialsofCrosby StillsandNash debutalbum 首張唱片 releasedin1969 wasperfectlyintune 合拍 withthetimes andthegroupwasaninstanthit Song list TeachYourChildrenSouthernmanOhioWoodstock BR ASurvey ASurvey Doyouagreewiththefollowingstatements 1 2 3 4 Playisthebestwaytolearn Childrendeveloplifeskillsbestthroughformalprograms Childrenarenaturallycurious inspired motivatedlearners butsometimestheenjoymentoflearningcangetlostinthepressureto succeed informaleducation Parentsarethemostimportantinstructorstothechildren sotheyshouldgiveasmuchguidanceaspossible BR APracticalExperiment1 Angelaisgivenahulahoopwithinstructionsonhowtouseit Jonathanisgivenahulahoopbutnoinstructions Whatkindofoutcomesdoyouexpect APracticalExperiment Twochildrenaregivenhulahoops atoytheyareunfamiliarwith Angelalearnstokeepthehulahoopinmotionbymovingherbodyincertainways Jonathanexploresthehoopanddiscoversit sbigenoughtostepthrough Hethenbalancesthehoopbetweentwoobjectsandpracticeskickingaballthroughthehoop Howdoyoucommentonthesetwooutcomes BR APracticalExperiment2 APracticalExperiment Twochildrenaregivenhulahoops atoytheyareunfamiliarwith Bothoutcomesaregood Angelalearnsausefulplayskill Jonathanuseshishoopinadifferent butequallyplayfulway Whichonedoyouthinkisbetterindevelopingthechildren screativity BR APracticalExperiment3 APracticalExperiment Twochildrenaregivenhulahoops atoytheyareunfamiliarwith BR APracticalExperiment4 APracticalExperiment Twochildrenaregivenhulahoops atoytheyareunfamiliarwith Angela becauseshefollowedthedirectionsgiven willhaveaskillshecanuseanytimeshewantstomoveherbodyinthatspecificway Theoutcomeislimitedtohavingfolloweddirectionsandmasteredaparticularskill Jonathan ontheotherhand hadtheexperienceofexploringanddiscoveringanitemhewasunfamiliarwith Heusedwhathelearnedaboutthiscircular shapedobjecttosolveaproblemofhisownandincorporated 結(jié)合 thehulahoopasaninnovativesolutiontohelp BR APracticalExperiment5 himdosomethingthathewantedtodo kickaballthroughatarget Jonathanlearnedhecouldusehisownobservationandexplorationtolearnaboutnewobjects Whatconclusioncanyoudrawfromthisexperiment BR EducationintheWest1 Muchofthecurrentdebateovereducationsurroundstheextenttowhichlearningshouldbeteacher basedorstudent based Whichofthetwoshoulddecidewhatshouldbelearned howitshouldbelearned andwhenitshouldbelearned ComparingWesternandAsianmethodsoflearningitisgenerallytruethatWesternmethodsaremorestudent centered expectingstudentstodiscoverthingsforthemselvesratherthanrelyingontheirteacherstotellthem Anextremeversionofthestudent centeredapproachcanbeseenatSummerhill aschoolinEnglandestablishedbytheeducationalistA S Neill There EducationintheWest BR EducationintheWest2 childrenhavecompletefreedomtodecidewhattheyaregoingtolearnandwhichlessonstheywillattend Iftheywishtheyneednotattendanyatall MainstreameducationinEnglandisfarmorestrict demandingthatchildrenattendlessonsandfollowanationalcurriculum Thiscurriculumandtheimportanceofachievinggoodexamresultstendtoreinforceamoreteacher centeredapproach asbothteachersandstudentsfindthepressureoftimeleaveslessopportunityforanexploratoryapproachtolearning BR Warm upQuestions1 Warm upQuestions 1 2 3 Ifyoufindatwo year oldboyistryingtoputakeyintoabox willyouhelphimimmediately Canyourecallhowyourparentstaughtyouinyourchildhood Didtheyliketoteachyoubyholdingyourhand Whichwaydidyoupreferwhenyouwereintroublewithoneofyourtoysinyourchildhood turningtoyourparentsforhelp orexploringbyyourselves GR main Scanning PartDivisionoftheText FurtherUnderstanding GR FurtherUnderstanding FurtherUnderstanding QuestionsandAnswers MultipleChoice QuestionsandAnswers GR Scanning1 Scanning ScanTextAanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse 1 Benjaminwasworriedthathecouldn tputthekeyintothebox F Benjaminwasnotbotheredatall 2 IntheChinesestaff sopinion theparentsshouldguideBenjamintoinsertthekey T GR Scanning2 3 Theauthorandhiswifedidn tcarewhetherBenjaminsucceededininsertingthekeyintotheslot T 4 FortheWesterners learningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmolding F TheChinesethinkthatlearningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmolding 5 Chineseteachersholdtheopinionthatskillsshouldbeacquiredasearlyaspossible whileAmericaneducatorsthinkthatcreativityshouldbeacquiredearly T GR PartDivisionoftheText1 PartDivisionoftheText Parts Para s MainIdeas 1 1 5 2 6 13 Thetextbeginswithananecdote Theauthor sthoughtsaremainlyaboutdifferentapproachestolearninginChinaandtheWest 3 14 Theauthorwindsupthetextwithasuggestionintheformofaquestion GR QuestionsandAnswers1 QuestionsandAnswers 1 HowdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinTextA Inthistext theauthorintroducesthetopicbythekey slotanecdote 軼事 Thereareseveralwaystointroduceatheme 1 Statingthetopicdirectly 2 Posingaquestion 3 Quotingafamoussaying 4 Relatingananecdoteoranincident GR QuestionsandAnswers2 2 SumupthecontrastbetweentheattitudeofthecoupleandthatofthehotelstafftowardBenjamin seffortsininsertingthekeyintotheslot Thecouple lethimexploreandenjoyhimself Thehotelstaff heldhishandandtaughthimhowtoinsertthekeycorrectly ContrastandcomparisonAcontrastbringsoutthedifferencesbetweentwoormorethingsofthesamekind whileacomparisonthesimilaritiesbetweenthem GR QuestionsandAnswers1 QuestionsandAnswers 1 ReadthefirstsentenceofbothPara6andPara7 anddecidewhatmethodofcomparisonandcontrastisusedhere One side at a timemethod Comparisonandcontrastcanbeorganizedintwomajorways 1 One side at a timemethod examineonesubjectthoroughlyandthenstarttheother 2 Point by pointmethod examinetwosubjectsatthesametime discussingthempointbypoint GR QuestionsandAnswers2 2 SumupthecontrastbetweenChineseandWesternwaystolearntofulfillatask TheChinese showachildhowtodosomething orteachbyholdinghishand TheWesterners teachachildtorelyonhimselfforsolutionstoproblems 3 ReadfromPara11toPara13 Whichmethodofcomparisonandcontrastisusedhere Point by pointmethod GR QuestionsandAnswers3 4 Thefollowingaretwotypesofattitudestowardcreativityandbasicskills WhichonebelongstotheChineseandwhichonebelongstotheWesterners TheChinese B puttingmoreemphasisonfosteringcreativityinyoungchildren thinkingthatskillscanbepickeduplater A givingprioritytodevelopingskillsatanearlyage believingthatcreativitycanbepromotedovertime TheWesterners GR MultipleChoice1 Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay Howdoestheauthorendthistext A Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned B Proposingasolution C Quotingfromsomebookorperson D Predictingfuturedevelopments MultipleChoice E makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion GR MultipleChoice1A Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay Howdoestheauthorendthistext A Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned B Proposingasolution C Quotingfromsomebookorperson D Predictingfuturedevelopments MultipleChoice E makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion A GR MultipleChoice1B Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay Howdoestheauthorendthistext A Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned B Proposingasolution C Quotingfromsomebookorperson D Predictingfuturedevelopments MultipleChoice E makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion B GR MultipleChoice1C Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay Howdoestheauthorendthistext A Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned B Proposingasolution C Quotingfromsomebookorperson D Predictingfuturedevelopments MultipleChoice E makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion C Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay Howdoestheauthorendthistext A Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned B Proposingasolution C Quotingfromsomebookorperson D Predictingfuturedevelopments MultipleChoice E makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion GR MultipleChoice1D MultipleChoice D GR MultipleChoice1E Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay Howdoestheauthorendthistext A Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned B Proposingasolution C Quotingfromsomebookorperson D Predictingfuturedevelopments MultipleChoice E makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion E Foramonthinthespringof1987 mywifeEllenandIlivedinthebustlingeasternChinesecityofNanjingwithour18 month oldsonBenjaminwhilestudying artseducationinChinesekindergartensandelementaryschools ButoneofthemosttellinglessonsEllenandIgotinthedifferencebetweenChineseandAmericanideasofeducationcamenotintheclassroombutinthelobbyoftheJinlingHotelwherewestayedinNanjing DR Text1 LEARNING CHINESE STYLE RussellBaker ageandincompleteunderstandingoftheneedtopositionthekeyjustso hewouldusuallyfail Benjaminwasnotbotheredintheleast Heprobablygotasmuchpleasureoutofthesoundsthekeymadeashedidthosefewtimeswhenthekeyactuallyfounditswayintotheslot DR Text2 Thekeytoourroomwasattachedtoalargeplasticblockwiththeroomnumberonit Whenleavingthehotel aguestwasencouragedtoturninthekey eitherbyhandingittoanattendantorbydroppingitthroughaslotintoabox Becausethekeyslotwasnarrow thekeyhadtobepositionedcarefullytofitintoit Benjaminlovedtocarrythekeyaround shakingitvigorously Healsolikedtotrytoplaceitintotheslot Becauseofhistender DR Text3 NowbothEllenandIwereperfectlyhappytoallowBenjamintobangthekeynearthekeyslot Hisexploratorybehaviorseemedharmlessenough ButIsoonobservedaninterestingphenomenon Any ChinesestaffmembernearbywouldcomeovertowatchBenjaminand notinghislackofinitialsuccess attempttoassist HeorshewouldholdontoBenjamin shandand gentlybutfirmly guideitdirectlytowardtheslot repositionitasnecessary andhelphimtoinsertit The teacher wouldthensmilesomewhatexpectantlyatEllenorme asifawaitingathankyou andonoccasionwouldfrownslightly asifconsideringustobeneglectingourparentalduties IsoonrealizedthatthisincidentwasdirectlyrelevanttoourassignedtasksinChina toinvestigatethewaysofearlychildhoodeducation especiallyinthearts andtothrowlightonChineseattitudestowardcreativity AndsobeforelongIbegantointroducethekey slotanecdoteintomydiscussionswithChineseeducators TWODIFFERENTWAYSTOLEARNWithafewexceptionsmyChinesecolleaguesdisplayedthesameattitudeasthestaffattheJinlingHotel Sinceadultsknowhowtoplacethekeyinthekeyslot whichistheultimatepurposeofapproachingtheslot andsincethechildisneitheroldenoughnorcleverenoughtorealizethedesiredactiononhisown whatpossiblegainisachievedbyhavinghimstruggle DR Text4 Hemaywellgetfrustratedandangry certainlynotadesirableoutcome Whynotshowhimwhattodo Hewillbehappy hewilllearnhowtoaccomplishthetasksooner andthenhecanproceedtomorecomplexactivities likeopeningthedoororaskingforthekey bothofwhichaccomplishmentscan andshould induecoursebemodeledforhimaswell Welistenedtosuchexplanationssympatheticallyandexplainedthat firstofall wedidnotmuchcarewhetherBenjaminsucceededininsertingthekeyintotheslot Hewashavingagoodtimeandwasexploring twoactivitiesthatdidmattertous Butthecriticalpointwasthat intheprocess weweretryingtoteachBenjaminthatonecansolveaproblemeffectivelybyoneself DR Text5 DR Text6 Suchself relianceisaprincipalvalueofchildrearinginmiddle classAmerica Solongasthechildisshownexactlyhowtodosomething whetheritbeplacingakeyinakeyslot drawingahenormakingup foramisdeed heislesslikelytofigureouthimselfhowtoaccomplishsuchatask And moregenerally heislesslikelytoviewlife asAmericansdo asaseriesofsituationsinwhichonehastolearntothinkforoneself tosolveproblemsonone sownandeventodiscovernewproblemsforwhichcreativesolutionsarewanted TEACHINGBYHOLDINGHISHANDInretrospect itbecamecleartomethatthisincidentwasindeedkey andkeyinmorethanonesense Itpointedtoimportantdifferencesintheeducationalandartisticpracticesinourtwocountries Whenourwell intentionedChineseobserverscametoBenjamin srescue theydidnotsimplypushhishanddownclumsilyoruncertainly asImighthavedone Instead theyguidedhimwithextremefacilityandgentlenessinpreciselythedesireddirection IcametorealizethattheseChinesewerenotjustmoldingandshapingBenjamin sperformanceinanyoldmanner InthebestChinesetradition theywerebazheshoujiao teachingbyholdinghishand somuchsothathewouldhappilycomebackformore DR Text7 DR Text8 Theideathatlearningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmoldingappliesequallytothearts Watchingchildrenatworkinaclassroomsetting wewereastonishedbytheirfacility Childrenasyoungas5or6were paintingflowers fishandanimalswiththeskillandconfidenceofanadult calligraphers9and10yearsoldwereproducingworksthatcouldhavebeendisplayedinamuseum Inavisittothehomesoftwooftheyoungartists welearnedfromtheirparentsthattheyworkedonperfectingtheircraftforseveralhoursaday CREATIVITYFIRST Intermsofattitudestocreativitythereseemstobeareversalofpriorities youngWesternersmakingtheirboldestdeparturesfirstandthengraduallymasteringthetradition andyoungChinesebeingalmostinseparablefromthetradition but overtime possiblyevolvingtoapointequallyoriginal OnewayofsummarizingtheAmericanpositionistostatethatwevalueoriginalityandindependencemorethantheChinesedo Thecontrastbetweenourtwoculturescanalsobeseenintermsofthefearswebothharbor Chineseteachersarefearfulthatifskillsarenotacquiredearly theymayneverbeacquired thereis ontheotherhand nocomparablehurrytopromotecreativity DR Text9 Americaneducatorsfearthatunlesscreativityhasbeenacquiredearly itmayneveremerge ontheotherhand skillscanbepickeduplater However Idonotwanttooverstatemycase ThereisenormouscreativitytobefoundinChinesescientific technologicalandartisticinnovationspastandpresent AndthereisadangerofexaggeratingcreativebreakthroughsintheWest Whenanyinnovationisexaminedclosely itsrelianceonpreviousachievementsisalltooapparent the Standingontheshouldersofgiants phenomenon DR Text10 DR Text11 ButassumingthatthecontrastIhavedevelopedisvalid andthatthefosteringofskillsandcreativityarebothworthwhilegoals theimportantquestionbecomesthis Canwegather fromtheChineseandAmericanextremes asuperiorwaytoapproacheducation perhapsstrikingabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills DR Sentence1 Becauseof Paraphrasethesentence Becausehewassoyounganddidn tquiteknowthatheshouldpositionthekeycarefullytofitintothenarrowkeyslot hewouldusuallyfail Becauseofhistenderageandincompleteunderstandingoftheneedtopositionthekeyjustso hewouldusuallyfail DR Sentence2 Benjaminwas Paraphrasethesentence Benjaminwasnotbotheredatall Benjaminwasnotbothered TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 本杰明一點(diǎn)也不在意 DR Sentence3 andto Paraphrasethispartofthesentence AndtohelpexplainChineseattitudestowardcreativity andtothrowlightonChineseattitudestowardcreativity DR Sentence4 sincethechild Whatdoesthedesiredactionreferto Positioningthekeycarefullytofitintotheslot sincethechildisneitheroldenoughnorcleverenoughtorealizethedesiredactiononhisown whatpossiblegainisachievedbyhavinghimstruggle Inyouropinion whatpossiblegaincanbeachievedbyhavingBenjaminstruggle Open ended DR Sentence5 Hemaywell Paraphrasethesentence Heislikelytogetfrustratedandangry Youuse maywell whenyouaresayingwhatyouthinkislikelytohappen Hemaywellgetfrustratedandangry DR Sentence6 Hewashaving Whatdothetwoactivitiesreferto Havingagoodtimeandexploring Hewashavingagoodtimeandwasexploring twoactivitiesthatdidmattertous Paraphrasetwo activitiesthatdidmattertous Towactivitiesthatwereimportanttous DR Sentence7 whetheritbe Analyzethestructureofthesentence Thesubjunctivemoodisusedhere Whetherhebepresentorabsent weshallhavetodoourpart whetheritbeplacingakeyinakeyslot drawingahenormakingupforamisdeed Paraphrasethesentence Nomatterwhetheritisplacingakeyinakeyslot drawingahenormakingupforsomemistakes DR Sentence8 youngWesterners Whatdoesmakingtheirboldestdeparturesmean Doingsth differentfromanestablishedruleortradition youngWesternersmakingtheirboldestdeparturesfirstandthengraduallymasteringthetradition TranslatethispartintoChinese 西方的年輕人先是大膽創(chuàng)新 然后逐漸深諳傳統(tǒng) DR Sentence9 Butassuming Canyouanalyzethestructureofthissentence ButassumingthatthecontrastIhavedevelopedisvalid andthatthefosteringofskillsandcreativityarebothworthwhilegoals assuming that clause 假定 Youuseassumingthatwhenyouareconsideringapossiblesituationorevent sothatyoucanthinkabouttheconsequences Assumingthatweallworkatthesamerate weshouldbefinishedbyJanuary DR Sentence9 Butassuming TranslatethesentenceintoChinese Canwegather fromtheChineseandAmericanextremes asuperiorwaytoapproacheducation perhapsstrikingabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills 我們能否從中美兩個(gè)極端中尋求一種更好的教育方式 它或許能在創(chuàng)造力與基本技能這兩極之間獲得某種較好的平衡 Doyouthinkthatwecanfindabetterwaytoapproacheducation whichstrikesabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills DR word attach attach vt fastenorjoin onethingtoanother Sheattachedanantennatotheradio Atagwasattachedtoeacharticle Pattern attachsth tosth beattachedtosth DR word initial initial adj oforatthebeginning first 最初的會(huì)談是后來達(dá)成協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ) theinitialletterofaword Theinitialtalkswerethebaseofthelateragreement 一個(gè)詞的首字母 DR word await await vt waitfor Hewasanxiouslyawaitingherreply 他早就期待著這個(gè)時(shí)刻了 Hehaslongawaitedthismoment DR word onoccasion onoccasion nowandthen Ithas onoccasion createdtroubleforthebank 你有時(shí)使人們感到詫異 Youhaveonoccasionsurprisedpeople 這兩個(gè)詞組非常相似 但意思不同 onoccasion有時(shí) 間或 ontheoccasionof在 之際 onoccasion ontheoccasionof CF ontheoccasionofsb swedding DR word neglect1 neglect vt givetoolittleattentionorcareto neglectone smealsandsleep 離開時(shí)別忘了鎖門 Don tneglecttolockthedoorwhenyouleave 這幾個(gè)詞都有忽略 遺漏之意 neglect ignore omit CF Thosewhoneglecttheirdutiesshouldbepunished 玩忽職守者應(yīng)受懲罰 Whydotheyalwaysneglectthetrafficregulation 他們?yōu)槭裁蠢鲜遣蛔⒁庾袷亟煌ㄒ?guī)則呢 neglect指對(duì)職責(zé) 義務(wù)或應(yīng)做的事沒有給予足夠的注意 這種忘記可能是有意的 也可能是無意的 例如 DR word neglect2 ignore指疏忽 不顧 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)某人或某物故意不理會(huì) 有時(shí)還帶有固執(zhí)地拒絕的意味 例如 WhenIsawTom Istoppedtogreethim butheignoredmeandwalkedon 當(dāng)我看到湯姆時(shí) 我停下來和他打招呼 但他沒有理我繼續(xù)往前走 Theteacherignoredmydifficultquestions 老師對(duì)我的難題置之不理 DR word neglect3 omit指因?qū)Ｗ⒒蚴韬龆浤呈?這種失誤可能是有意或無意的 該詞還可指刪除不利或不必要的東西 例如 Sheshouldnotomittovisitthemuseum 她不應(yīng)忘了去參觀博物館 Thethirdpartofthebookmaybeomitted 該書的第三部分可以刪掉 DR word relevant relevant adj directlyconnectedwiththesubject Hiscolorisnotrelevanttowhetherhe sagoodlawyer 該證據(jù)與此案有關(guān) Theevidenceisrelevanttothecase Pattern berelevantto DR word investigate1 investigate 1 vt trytofindoutinformationabout Scientistsareinvestigatinghowtheplanecrashoccurred Ifyouhearsucharumor investigateitthoroughly 2 vi makeadetail