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2019-2020年高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第三部分 語法及語法填空 語法講解 專題二 自由填空 第7講 特殊句式素能特訓(xùn) Ⅰ.語法填空 A．單句語法填空 在空白處填上正確的內(nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 1．[xx齊齊哈爾實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)期中]East of the village________ (lie) a small lake. 答案：lies　考查全部倒裝?！癊ast of the village”為表方位的副詞短語，位于句首，應(yīng)用全部倒裝，故主語應(yīng)在句尾。句意：在村莊的東邊有一條小湖。 2．[xx浙江金麗衢十二校聯(lián)考]The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if________ (adapt) for television, would be a hit. 答案：adapted　考查省略結(jié)構(gòu)“連詞＋非謂語”。其中“adapt”與“this moving story”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填adapted。句意：這個(gè)導(dǎo)演完全相信，這個(gè)感人的故事，如果改編成電視劇，將會(huì)引起轟動(dòng)。 3．[xx河南十?？记胺抡嫜菥歖Is it she or you______ going to run for the mayor of our city? 答案：that/who are　考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和主謂一致。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語是人可以用that或who, “she or you”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)用就近原則，故填復(fù)數(shù)are。句意：是她還是你打算競選我們市的市長？ 4．[xx天津十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考]Wealth is important but as a matter of fact, I think，________ is health that counts. 答案：it　考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，刪除I think后便可一目了然看出考查內(nèi)容。句意：財(cái)富很重要，但事實(shí)上，我認(rèn)為，健康才是最重要的。count為“起重要作用”的意思。 5．[xx銀川一中月考]Your sister must be helping the little girl with her homework，________？ 答案：isnt she　考查表推測(cè)的反意疑問句。主句中表對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)來對(duì)待，所以填isnt she。句意：你妹妹肯定是在幫那個(gè)小女孩做作業(yè)，對(duì)嗎？ 6．[xx銀川九中模擬]－She suggested the number of cars should be limited to stop air pollution. －Good________ it sounds, the idea is not very practical. 答案：as/though　考查倒裝句。由as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句需把名詞、形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞提到其前面引出倒裝。句意：——她建議應(yīng)通過限制汽車數(shù)量來阻止空氣的污染?！M管聽起來不錯(cuò)，但不太切合實(shí)際。 7．[xx高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)]－Dont worry. I had a license years ago. Im not green. －________ a relief! Ill tell my daughter that everything is OK on the way. 答案：What　考查感嘆句。“what＋a/an＋n.”結(jié)構(gòu)。 8．[xx北京石景山一模]________ he________ (study) harder, he would have passed the final exams. 答案：Had; studied　根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和語義可知，考查虛擬條件句省去If后句子要倒裝的情況。另外“would have done”可知表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，故用Had; studied。句意：如果他努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，他就會(huì)通過考試?yán)玻? 9．[xx河南豫東豫北十校聯(lián)考]－Jim should have been informed of the wedding place. －________ he was, but he simply forgot about it. 答案：So　考查“so＋主＋助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對(duì)上文提到情況的確認(rèn)。句意：——Jim本應(yīng)該被通知婚禮地點(diǎn)的?！拇_被告知了，但他就是忘了而已。 10．[xx河南鄭州四中六調(diào)]________ these experiments were successfully pleted would we think of going into humans. 答案：Only if　考查倒裝句。根據(jù)would we可知前句中必須出現(xiàn)引出倒裝的條件位于句首。句意：只有這些實(shí)驗(yàn)成功地完成時(shí)，我們才考慮用到人類中去。 B．語篇語法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 [xx南昌調(diào)研]Some inventions happen in strange ways. The potato chip is one of them. Moons Lake House was ___1___restaurant in New York in the 1850s. George Crum was the cook there. Many rich people often came to the restaurant ___2___ (enjoy) his cooking. The thing ___3___ really upset Crum was when a customer plained about the food and sent it back to the kitchen to be done over. He would often return it overcooked. He was happy to see the customer walk out of the restaurant ___4___ (angry)． On August 24,1853, a customer returned his fried potatoes to the kitchen, ___5___ they werent crunchy (脆的) enough. Crum reacted in his ___6___ (usually) way. He cut the potatoes very thin and cooked them in hot oil. They were so crunchy and Crum was sure that the man would refuse ___7___ (eat) them. Instead, the man loved them. He even asked for more. Now, do you know ___8___ invented the potato chip? Its George Crum! He ___9___ (late) set up his own restaurant. He named it Crums House. He put baskets of his potato chips on all the tables. They made his restaurant a very popular place. Today, potato chips are one of Americans ___10___ (favor) foods! 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 本文告訴我們薯?xiàng)l是怎么被發(fā)明出來的。 1．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。restaurant是名詞，此處表示泛指，故用不定冠詞a。 2．to enjoy　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。這里用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，表示許多富人常常來這里吃他烹飪的飯菜。 3．that/which　考查定語從句。先行詞為The thing，指物，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故應(yīng)用that或which。 4．a(chǎn)ngrily　考查副詞。根據(jù)前面“walk out of the restaurant”可知，后面應(yīng)用副詞angrily修飾動(dòng)詞。 5．because　考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“因?yàn)橛驼ǖ氖項(xiàng)l不夠脆”，強(qiáng)調(diào)原因，故用because。 6．usual　考查形容詞。根據(jù)后面的名詞way可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞。 7．to eat　考查動(dòng)詞不定式。refuse to do sth. “拒絕做某事”。 8．who　考查疑問詞。根據(jù)后面“Its George Crum”可知，此處問的是誰發(fā)明了薯?xiàng)l。 9．later　考查副詞。根據(jù)后面的“set up”可知，這里應(yīng)用later。 10．favorite　考查形容詞。根據(jù)后面的名詞“foods”可知，這里需要用形容詞，且表示“最喜歡的”。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [xx山東濟(jì)南模擬]Mr. Jackson was blind from birth. He owned a fruit ___1___ on a very busy street. ___2___ he was visually disabled, he ran his business pretty handsomely. He could see nothing and he could only ___3___ the things within his reach. ___4___， he was able to handle it and was content with everything he had. One day his son came to him. He told Mr. Jackson in ___5___ that he read in the newspaper of a ___6___ who could operate on his eyes and allow him to see. The father and son traveled to the doctor and paid for the ___7___. After the operation, the doctor asked Mr. Jackson: “What is the first thing you are ___8___ to see when I take the bandages off？” He replied, “I really want to see my beautiful ___9___ on my stand！” The doctor and the son ___10___ Mr. Jackson down to the busy street where his fruit stand had been located for so many years. The doctor ___11___ unwrapped the bandages ___12___ he could lay his eyes on the beautiful fruit! Mr. Jackson was so full of ___13___ that he could finally see his lifes work－taking care of his fruit! After a few hours of ___14___ his beautiful fruit stand, he looked down the street both ways and saw there were quite a few fruit stands in both directions. He looked ___15___ the street and saw many other fruit stands. He spent so much time looking at other peoples fruit stands and ___16___ the petition that soon his own business ___17___. From Mr. Jacksons failure, we should know that everyone is a ___18___ individual with different fingerprints, DNA and thinking. What we need to do is just be ourselves and ___19___ everyone else to be who they are. Mind our own business and we should never be afraid of the ___20___. 該文通過杰克遜的故事告訴我們：每個(gè)人都是獨(dú)一無二的，我們要做的就是做自己，管好自己的事情，這樣我們將不怕與他人競爭。 1．A.stand　　　　　　　　　B．pany C．store D．center 答案：A 根據(jù)下文第9題處“I really want to see my beautiful __9__ on my stand”的提示可知，杰克遜有一個(gè)水果攤。 2．A.Because B．As C．Although D．When 答案：C此處表示盡管他失明了，但是他的生意做得相當(dāng)好。根據(jù)語境中的邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)選擇C。 3．A.remember B．describe C．imagine D．feel 答案：D 根據(jù)文章第一句及前文的“He could see nothing”可知，杰克遜失明了，什么也看不見，所以他只能感受(feel)他手邊的東西。 4．A.Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides 答案：B 下文說他能夠應(yīng)對(duì)這一切，與前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此選擇B。therefore“因此”；however“然而”；otherwise“否則”；besides“而且”。 5．A.pride B．doubt C．excitement D．surprise 答案：C 根據(jù)下文可知，杰克遜的兒子在報(bào)紙上看到有一個(gè)醫(yī)生能治好杰克遜的眼睛，所以他應(yīng)是興奮地將這一消息告訴杰克遜。pride“驕傲”；doubt“懷疑”；excitement“興奮”；surprise“驚奇”。 6．A.doctor B．nurse C．chemist D．volunteer 答案：A 根據(jù)定語從句的內(nèi)容及下文的“The father and son traveled to the doctor”可知，此處應(yīng)指一名醫(yī)生能治好杰克遜的眼睛。 7．A.information B．medicine C．service D．operation 答案：D 根據(jù)前文的“who could operate on his eyes”及下文的“After the operation, the doctor asked Mr.Jackson”可知，此處應(yīng)指為手術(shù)付了款。 8．A.nervous B．lucky C．eager D．a(chǎn)fraid 答案：C 根據(jù)下文的“I really want to see”可知，手術(shù)后，醫(yī)生問杰克遜：“當(dāng)我拆掉繃帶時(shí)，你渴望見到的第一件東西是什么？”be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”。 9．A.flowers B．vegetables C．fruit D．clothing 答案：C 根據(jù)第1題處可知，他有一個(gè)水果攤，所以他想看看水果攤上的水果。 10．A.sent B．a(chǎn)cpanied C．followed D．invited 答案：B 此處指醫(yī)生和兒子陪同杰克遜去他的水果攤。send“派遣”；acpany“陪同”；follow“跟隨”；invite“邀請(qǐng)”。 11．A.suddenly B．curiously C．carefully D．firmly 答案：C 醫(yī)生小心地解開繃帶。suddenly“突然地”；curiously“好奇地”；carefully“小心地”；firmly“堅(jiān)定地”。 12．A.so that B．in case C．even if D．if only 答案：A 醫(yī)生解開繃帶以便讓杰克遜看到美麗的水果。so that“以便”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。in case“以防，萬一”；even if“即使”；if only“要是……就好了”。 13．A.regret B．joy C．courage D．relief 答案：B 杰克遜終于能看到他的水果了，他感到非常高興。regret“遺憾”；joy“歡欣，喜悅”；courage“勇氣”；relief“緩解，寬慰”。 14．A.enjoying B．checking C．judging D．making 答案：A 杰克遜對(duì)自己的水果攤欣賞幾個(gè)小時(shí)后，他看到街兩旁有很多水果攤。enjoy“欣賞，喜愛”；check“核查”；judge“判斷”；make“制造”。 15．A.above B．within C．through D．a(chǎn)cross 答案：D 他往街對(duì)面看，看到了許多其他的水果攤。look across“向?qū)γ婵?，眺望”。注意look through表示“瀏覽”。 16．A.preparing for B．focusing on C．worrying about D．taking up 答案：C 根據(jù)第20題處“Mind our own business and we should never be afraid of the ___20___”可知，杰克遜看到這么多水果攤，開始擔(dān)心競爭了。prepare for“為……做好準(zhǔn)備”；focus on“集中(精力、注意力等)于”；worry about“擔(dān)心”；take up“開始從事，占據(jù)”。 17．A.improved B．failed C．a(chǎn)ppeared D．expanded 答案：B 根據(jù)下文的“From Mr. Jacksons failure”可知，不久他自己的生意失敗了。improve“改善”；fail“失敗”；appear“出現(xiàn)”；expand“擴(kuò)大”。 18．A.simple B．reliable C．unique D．perfect 答案：C 根據(jù)下文的“with different fingerprints, DNA and thinking”可知，每個(gè)人都是一個(gè)有不同指紋、DNA和思想的獨(dú)一無二的人。simple“簡單的”；reliable“可靠的，可信賴的”；unique“獨(dú)一無二的，獨(dú)特的”；perfect“完美的”。 19．A.force B．require C．persuade D．a(chǎn)llow 答案：D 我們需要做的是僅僅做自己，并允許別人成為他們自己。force“強(qiáng)迫，迫使”；require“要求”；persuade“說服”；allow“允許”。 20．Apetition B．change C．difference D．disability 答案：A 根據(jù)第16題處可知，此處應(yīng)是勸誡我們：管好自己的事，我們應(yīng)該決不害怕競爭。 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 [xx江西八校聯(lián)考]There is a very instructive incident involving the life of Alexander the Great, King of Greek. Alexander, after conquering many kingdoms, was returning home. On the way, he fell ill and it took him to his death bed. With death staring him in his face, Alexander realized his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth were of no consequence. So, he lay helplessly waiting to breathe his last. He called his generals and said, “I will depart from this world soon, and I have three wishes. Please carry them out without fail.” “My first desire is that，” said Alexander, “my physicians alone must carry my coffin.” After a pause, he continued, “Secondly, I desire that when my coffin is being carried to the grave, the path leading to the graveyard be strewn(撒滿) with gold, silver and precious stones which I have collected.” The King continued, “My third and last wish is that both my hands should be kept hanging out of my coffin.” Alexanders favorite general kissed his hand and pressed them to his heart. “Oh King, we assure you that your wishes will all be fulfilled. But tell us why do you make such strange wishes？” Alexander took a deep breath and said, “I would like the world to know of the three lessons I have just learnt. I want my physicians to carry my coffin because people should realize that no doctor can really cure any bodies. They are powerless and cannot save a person from the clutches of death. So let people not take life for granted. “The second wish of strewing gold, silver and other riches on the way to the graveyard is to tell people that not even a bit of gold will e with me. I spent all my life earning riches but cannot take anything with me. Let people realize that it is just a waste of time to chase wealth. “And about my third wish of having my hands hanging out of the coffin, I wish people to know that I came emptyhanded into this world and emptyhanded out of this world.” With these words, the King closed his eyes. Soon he let death conquer him and breathed his last. 本文主要講述了亞歷山大大帝臨死前的三個(gè)愿望和他想傳遞給人們的一些啟示。 1．The first paragraph suggests that Alexander ________. A．was conquering many kingdoms B．realized that what he got in his life was nothing to him at all C．wanted to leave as he came emptyhanded D．regarded his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth as the most important things 答案：B 考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段的“Alexander realized his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth were of no consequence”可知，亞歷山大大帝意識(shí)到他一生中所得的對(duì)他來說毫無意義，故B項(xiàng)正確。 2．The underlined word “clutches” in Paragraph 3 means “________”． A．sentence B．a(chǎn)ttention C．control D．shadow 答案：C 考查詞義猜測(cè)。sentence“判決”；attention“注意”；control“控制”；shadow“陰影”。根據(jù)第三段的“They are powerless and cannot save a person from the clutches of death”并利用代入法可知，本句句意為“他們是無能為力的，并不能拯救一個(gè)人免于死神的控制”，即C項(xiàng)正確。 3．The author intends to________. A．tell us the story of Alexander B．introduce readers to the instructive lessons of Alexander C．stress the power of Alexander the Great D．persuade people to realize what Alexander said 答案：B 考查寫作意圖。根據(jù)第一段的第一句話可知，B項(xiàng)正確。 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Death of Alexander B．The Greed of Alexander C．Three Wishes of Alexander D．The Life of Alexander 答案：C 考查主旨大意。本文主要講述了亞歷山大大帝死前的三個(gè)愿望和他想通過這三個(gè)愿望傳遞給人們的啟示，故C項(xiàng)正確。 1．instructive adj. 有益的；有指導(dǎo)意義的 2．involve vt. 牽涉；涉及；使卷入 3．sharp adj. 鋒利的；敏銳的 4．depart vi. 離開；出發(fā)　　5.precious adj. 寶貴的 1．of no consequence 無足輕重的 2．carry out 執(zhí)行；實(shí)現(xiàn)；完成 3．lead to 導(dǎo)致 4．take...for granted 認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然 原文：He lay helplessly waiting to breathe his last. (分詞作狀語) 譯文：他無助地躺著等著斷氣。 仿寫：The terrible earthquake hit Nepal on April, 25, leaving_ thousands_of_people_homeless. 發(fā)生在4月25日的尼泊爾地震，使得成千上萬的人無家可歸。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) [xx河北石家莊一模]One year ago, I had a special English lesson hold at the railway station. It was quite different from the regular English classes we were familiar to, for we had no textbooks, no blackboard or no fixed seats. Gathering at the entrance of the station, we told to collect as many English words and sentences as possible here. Curious and excited, we walked around the station and looked everywhere, search for any information in English. Whenever an English word es into sight, the class would burst into the cheers as if we had discovered a new world. With the Chinese translation and vividly pictures, we could figure out its meaning with ease. Now, this unforgettable lesson still encourages me to be an active learner where I go. 答案： One year ago, I had a special English lesson at the railway station. It was quite different from the regular English classes we were familiar ， for we had no textbooks, no blackboard no fixed seats. Gathering at the entrance of the station, we told to collect as many English words and sentences as possible . Curious and excited, we walked around the station and looked everywhere, for any information in English. Whenever an English word e into sight, the class would burst the cheers as if we had discovered a new world. With the Chinese translation and pictures, we could figure out its meaning with ease. Now, this unforgettable lesson still encourages me to be an active learner I go. Ⅴ.書面表達(dá) [xx四川德陽二診]假設(shè)你是李軍，請(qǐng)你就學(xué)生打車時(shí)如何避免發(fā)生失聯(lián)等安全問題給某英文報(bào)社編輯寫一封信，提供一些建議，內(nèi)容包括： 1．上車前應(yīng)該：①選正規(guī)出租車；②記住車牌號(hào)。 2．上車后應(yīng)該：①坐最安全位置；②不玩手機(jī)，留意行車路線。 注意：1.詞數(shù)120左右； 2．開頭語和結(jié)尾語已為你寫好； 3．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 4．文中不能出現(xiàn)考生真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。 參考詞匯：正規(guī)出租車：licensed taxi　黑車：unlicensed taxi　車牌號(hào)：plate number Dear Editor， I am sorry to learn that some students, especially girls, have been reported to have disconnected or been killed after taking a taxi.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Jun One possible version： Dear_Editor， I_am_sorry_to_learn_that_some_students,_especially_girls,_have_been_reported_to_have_disconnected_or_been_killed_after_taking_a_taxi. To prevent such happenings, Id like to offer some suggestions to students in terms of taking a taxi safely. Firstly, before you get into a taxi, you had better check to see whether its a licensed taxi or an unlicensed one. Its always safer to take a licensed one, although it might be more expensive. Then, you should look at the plate number carefully and try to remember it (so that the driver can be found out, if anything happens). Thirdly, sit on the seat behind the driver, which is the safest place in the car. Finally, dont bend your head over your mobile phone all the way but keep your eyes on where the driver is going. If you find something wrong, ask the driver to stop the car immediately. If everyone follows these rules, they wont be taken in easily by bad drivers. Yours， Li_Jun