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2019（宜賓）中考英語語法：介詞和介詞短語講與練 專題七　介詞和介詞短語 真 題 試 做 (C)1.(xx安徽中考)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ______ Class Three. A.of B.in C.against D.from (A)2.(xx北京中考)Happy birthday, Peter! Heres a gift ______ you. A.for B.in C.with D.from (A)3.(xx重慶中考A卷)I always play basketball to relax myself ______ Saturdays. A.on B.in C.at D.by (B)4.(xx樂山中考改編)The program Im a singer is quite popular ______ students these days.They often talk about it between classes. A.for B.with C.in D.of (C)5.(xx襄陽中考)—Excuse me, sir.Are you sure the umbrella in your hand belongs to you? —Oh, sorry.I took it ______.Mine is over there under the chair. A.at once B.on time C. by mistake D.in all 考向歸結(jié) 通過以上五個題的觀察,并結(jié)合各地多年中考考點的設(shè)置,主要考查以下幾個方面：同一介詞與動詞、形容詞和名詞搭配時候詞義的辨析,不同語境下使用不同的介詞；題型設(shè)置方面,主要趨向于單項選擇、完形填空和綜合填空。 考 點 突 破 　介詞辨析 介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨立充當(dāng)句子成分,需與動詞、形容詞和名詞搭配,才能在句子中充當(dāng)成分。介詞短語中介詞后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。介詞后的代詞要用賓格形式。 1.表示時間的介詞 (1)on,at與in的用法區(qū)別： ①at＋具體時刻： at 8：00 oclock 固定短語中：at night/noon ②on＋特指具體的某一天或某日的上、下午、晚上：on Monday morning 　　on the morning of April 10 ③in＋年、月、季節(jié)等： in 2002　　in spring　　in March ④泛指上午、下午、晚上等。如：in the morning 注意：如果morning,afternoon,evening,Sunday等前有l(wèi)ast,this,next等表示順序的詞時,不再用介詞；tomorrow,tonight,yesterday前也不用介詞。 (2)before,after與in的用法區(qū)別： ①before指“在……之前”。如： before five oclock在五點之前 ②after和in指“在……之后”,其后接“一段時間”時,in常與一般將來時連用,after常與一般過去時連用。如： She will be back in two weeks.她要兩個星期之后回來。 She came back after a week.她一個星期后回來了。 若后面接的是一個“時間點”,只用 after。如： She will arrive after two oclock.她將在兩點后到達。 (3)since,for表示時間的用法區(qū)別： since＋具體時刻,表示“自從……起一直到現(xiàn)在”；for＋一段時間,表示“總共有……之久”,都常用于完成時態(tài)。如： I have worked in this school __since xx.自從xx年我就在這所學(xué)校工作了。 I have worked in this school for over 5 years.我在這所學(xué)校已經(jīng)工作了五年多了。 2.表示地點和空間的介詞 (1)at一般用于小地點；in一般用于大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi)；on表示在某個物體的表面。如： They arrived at a small village before dark.天黑之前他們抵達小村莊。 He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.他昨天到達上海了。 There are many animals in the forest.森林里有許多動物。 The teacher put up a picture on the wall.教師在墻上貼了一幅畫。 (2)in,on與to的區(qū)別： in 表示兩個地方是相屬關(guān)系(即一個小地方屬于大地方管轄)；on表示兩個地方相鄰(即兩個地方接壤卻互不管轄)；to 表示兩個地方相隔(即兩個地方無接壤、互不管轄)。如： Yibin is in the south of China.宜賓在中國南部。(宜賓屬于中國的一部分) Sichuan lies on the north of Yunnan.四川在云南的北部。(四川和云南是有陸地接壤的) China is to the west of Japan.中國在日本的西部。(中國和日本隔海相望,無接壤) (3)across,through與over的區(qū)別： across指從表面上通過；through指從中間穿過；over指從上空通過。如： The old man went across the road carefully.老人小心地穿過馬路。 The sunlight went into the room through the window.陽光透過窗戶進入房間。 Look! A bird is flying over the tall building.看！一只小鳥正飛過高樓。 3.其他介詞 (1)by,in,with：“用” by主要表示“乘坐”某種交通工具或“以……方式”,在被動句中可以表示動作的執(zhí)行者；in表示“使用”某種語言、文字、聲音；with表示“使用”某種具體的工具等。如： Lets go to the zoo by taxi.我們乘出租車去動物園吧。 Teahouse was written by Lao She.《茶館》是老舍創(chuàng)作的。 Please write that article in English.請用英語寫文章。 Please write the letter with a pen.請用鋼筆寫信。 Please speak in a loud voice.請大聲講。 (2)between,among：“在……之間” between在兩者之間；among指三者及以上。如： There are some differences between Lily and Lucy.莉莉與露西之間有許多不同。 TFBOYS are very popular among the teenagers.TFBOYS在青少年中很受歡迎。 (3)except,besides：“除了……” except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含；besides“除了”,表示即“不僅……又……”,即包含在內(nèi)。如： Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.每個人都去了故宮博物院除了湯姆。 Besides Chinese,he also studied many other subjects.除了中文,他還學(xué)了許多別的科目。 　介詞短語及固定搭配 listen to 聽 　 laugh at 嘲笑 wait for 等候 worry about 擔(dān)心 think about 考慮 take care of 照看 be interested in 對……感興趣 be full of 充滿…… look forward to 期待 pay attention to 關(guān)注 look for 尋找 hear from 收到……的信 take off 脫掉；起飛 put on 穿上 put up 搭建 be good at 擅長…… be good for 對……有利 小 試 牛 刀 (B)1.(xx宜昌中考)—Who is the space scientist from Beijing? —The man______ white over there.Hes of medium height. A.with B.in C.or D.for (A)2.(xx溫州中考)Ive ordered some flowers for grandma and they will arrive ______ two hours. A.in B.after C.over D.for (C)3.(xx福建中考A卷改編)Blue whales are ______.We should try to protect them. A.in time B.in public C.in danger D.in mind (A)4.(xx達州中考)—Im thirsty.Id like a glass of orange juice.What about you, Andy? —I prefer a cup of tea ______nothing in it. A.with B.for C.to D.without (B)5.(xx烏魯木齊中考)Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races ______ 9：00 a.m.______ the morning of June 18. A.at；in B.at；on C.on；in D.on；on (D)6.(xx連云港中考)—Bill, did you see Tom? —Yes, he just parked his car here and then hurried______ the street. A.through B.over C.past D.across (A)7.(xx濱州中考)Dont stay inside.______ such a sunny morning.Lets go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers. A.on B.in C.from D.at (B)8.(xx哈爾濱中考改編)—Hi, Helen.When were you born? —I was born ______ February, 2003.Im 15 years old. A.on B.in C.at D.by (C)9.(xx深圳中考改編)—Excuse me, could you please tell me how to get to the Concert Hall? —Sure.Go down the street, and youll find it close__to the Book City. A.behind B.opposite C.near D.between (B)10.(xx濰坊中考)Students here often do physics experiments ______ small groups. A.by B.in C.for D.at