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專題十九 任務(wù)型閱讀 第6講（上）東城二模五選五 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇五選五中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。 2. 掌握五選五的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇五選五中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過(guò)五選五高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及五選五解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種五選五習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于五選五高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 however conj. 然而，可是 unfortunately adv. 不幸地 opp. fortunately right away 立刻，馬上 print v. 印刷，打印 worry about 焦慮…，擔(dān)心… continue v. 繼續(xù) neighborhood n. 附近，街區(qū) give up 放棄，交出 responsible adj. 負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的 difficult adj. 困難的 長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. One very cold Saturday in January, I was told to take our dog out for a walk, but it was so cold that I didnt want to go outside.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：在一月一個(gè)非常寒冷的周六，我被讓帶我們的狗出去散步，但是外面太冷了以至于我不想出去。 本句中包含著一個(gè)中考高頻句型“so…that…”，意為“如此…以至于…”. 2. What seems easy at first may turn out to be difficult in the end.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：起初看起來(lái)容易的事情也許到最后變得困難。 本句中包含著一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于五選五解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解五選五的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了五選五的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、五選五解題步驟 第一步 讀選項(xiàng)，畫關(guān)鍵詞，暗排序 通讀選項(xiàng)，了解每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，做到心中有數(shù)，至少能知道可供選擇的意思范圍，以便在短時(shí)間內(nèi)找出正確答案。 第二步 讀文章，抓過(guò)渡詞，找邏輯 通讀文章，關(guān)注段中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，抓住表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系及其他關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞，為下一步解題做準(zhǔn)備。 第三步 先易后難來(lái)解題 先填較容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或與選項(xiàng)有明顯邏輯關(guān)系的句子；再填較難的空，這時(shí)選擇范圍會(huì)變小，可以反復(fù)對(duì)比分析，進(jìn)行選擇。 第四步 回讀文章定答案 全部題目做完后，把所選擇的選項(xiàng)代入原文，檢查文章前后是否連貫，所選選項(xiàng)是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次確定答案。 二、五選五解題技巧 在五選五題型中，設(shè)空位置一般為三種：段首、段尾和段中。正確選項(xiàng)與空格前后句子關(guān)系緊密，主要依賴句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。接下來(lái)將從并列邏輯、轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯、指代邏輯、因果邏輯和總分邏輯五方面進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。 題型 題型一：并列邏輯 解題技巧 如果空格所在段落要求補(bǔ)全說(shuō)明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)，通常選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索。 典題精析 例題：Make good word choices. When we’re not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and don’t take the time to decide if they’re proper. 2 . 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭癯霈F(xiàn)在第二段的段末，是用來(lái)對(duì)第二段的黑體小標(biāo)題進(jìn)行解釋的，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知E選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞good word choices與小標(biāo)題一致，故選E，意為“好的詞匯選擇對(duì)好的作品是重要的”。 答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.” 題型 題型二：轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 解題技巧 1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含轉(zhuǎn)折含義的選項(xiàng)； 2. 選項(xiàng)含轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，另一種常見的考查方式是空格后對(duì)該選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述、說(shuō)明和例證。 典題精析 例題：5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles. 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯。根據(jù)空格后轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意為“但是有了簡(jiǎn)單的幾步，我們能夠提高我們的寫作技巧。”，所以空格處應(yīng)與其意思相反，故選D，意為“成為一個(gè)更好的作家不容易”。 答案：D “It is not easy to bee a better writer.” 題型 題型三：指代邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)中含有代詞，則判斷哪個(gè)空格前的句中所含有的名詞代入后使上下文連貫； 2. 如果空格后句中有代詞，則判斷哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)所含名詞代入后上下文連貫。 典題精析 例題：Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(線路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.______3____. 解析：本題考察的是指代邏輯。根據(jù)空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place.“倫敦馬拉松在每年四月舉行”，可知本段講述的重點(diǎn)為倫敦馬拉松，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)People e from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推斷出正確答案。 答案：B “People e from all over the world to run in it.” 題型 題型四：因果邏輯 解題技巧 如果選項(xiàng)含有因果邏輯詞，則判斷哪個(gè)空格前后句與之符合因果邏輯關(guān)系； 典題精析 例題：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon. 解析：本題考察的是因果邏輯。根據(jù)空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很嚴(yán)重”，這是事件的原因，那么空格處應(yīng)該填的是事件的結(jié)果，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)填C，意為“他們住在相同的病房里”，即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”. 題型 題型五：總分邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)的表達(dá)類似于“There are mainly three types of …”則該選項(xiàng)一般位于文章較前面的位置，用于引出后文對(duì)這幾種類型的詳細(xì)闡述； 2. 如果空格位于某段段首，則一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。 典題精析 例題：Many of us don’t spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 . 解析：本題考察的是總分邏輯。瀏覽全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本文是一篇“總-分”類型的文章，主要介紹的是一些關(guān)于寫作的小竅門，而第二段起的一些黑體字則是tips的具體內(nèi)容，所以第一段空格處應(yīng)填的是一句總述句，故選B，意為“下面的小竅門可能會(huì)有幫助”。 答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.” 語(yǔ)篇精講 瀏覽選項(xiàng) （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 選項(xiàng) A I thought he must be very cold B She decided to make some signs C When I returned, my mother smiled D I learned a very important lesson that day E I hurriedly put on my coat and rushed outside 通讀文章 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 人生百味類 記敘文 270 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ The Lost Dog One very cold Saturday in January, I was told to take our dog out for a walk, but it was so cold that I didnt want to go outside. Instead, I just opened the door and let the dog out by himself. However, another neighborhood dog quickly ran past our house, and our dog sped after to catch him.1 .Unfortunately, it was too late, and my dog was gone. I walked a few blocks, but I was unable to find him. Sadly, I returned home. I told my mother what had happened and I said, “I thought he would be able to e back by himself.” My mother was very angry. 2 .The signs read, “Lost：A big black dog. Please call us right away.” and she printed our phone number on the bottom. I posted the signs along the streets around. The whole time, I was very sad and worried about our dog. 3 . I continued looking for our dog in the neighborhood, but I didnt see him anywhere. I called out his name, looking in all the backstreets. I got more and more upset. All I wanted was to stay warm, but now I was very cold and so was my dog. Finally, I gave up.4 “Our dog came back home by himself. So, you were right--he did e back--but you were wrong, too. You should have been more responsible this morning.” She said. “Yes, I was wrong.”I said in shame. 5 .What seems easy at first may turn out to be difficult in the end. A. I thought he must be very cold B. She decided to make some signs C. When I returned, my mother smiled D. I learned a very important lesson that day E. I hurriedly put on my coat and rushed outside 逐題分析 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇人生百味類的記敘文，文章主要講述了作者把狗弄丟，后來(lái)又失而復(fù)得的故事，反映了“起初看起來(lái)容易的事情也許到最后變得困難”這個(gè)道理。 1. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯。空格前句意為“我們的狗加速追趕它”，空格后的句意為“不幸地是，太晚了，我們的狗不見了”，那么空格處所填的句子應(yīng)該能夠銜接前后的兩個(gè)句子，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)選E，意為“我匆忙穿上我的衣服，然后跑出去”，本句話能夠銜接前后句，故選E。 答案：E 2. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯。空格后句意為“布告牌上寫著‘尋物啟事：一只大黑狗，請(qǐng)立刻給我們打電話’”，那么空格處應(yīng)該與布告牌相關(guān)，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選B，意為“她決定制作一些布告牌”。 答案：B 3. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯。空格前句意為“自始至終，我都非常的傷心并擔(dān)心我們的狗”，那么空格后應(yīng)該是描述我對(duì)狗的擔(dān)心，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選A，意為“我認(rèn)為它一定非常冷”。 答案：A 4. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯。空格前句意為“最后，我放棄了”，這里放棄的是尋找狗的動(dòng)作，那么放棄尋找狗后，作者會(huì)做什么呢？瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選C，意為“當(dāng)我回到家時(shí)，我的媽媽笑了”，放棄尋找后，作者就返回了家中。 答案：C 5. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯。空格后句意為“起初看起來(lái)容易的事情也許到最后變得困難”，這是通過(guò)丟狗這件事作者所學(xué)會(huì)的一個(gè)道理，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)選D，意為“那天我學(xué)到了非常重要的一課”。 答案：D 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的五選五的知識(shí)和方法） 語(yǔ)篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語(yǔ)篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 并列邏輯 1、2、3、4、5 轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 指代邏輯 因果邏輯 總分邏輯 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 conj. 然而，可是 unfortunately adv. right away v. 印刷，打印 worry about v. 繼續(xù) neighborhood n. 放棄，交出 responsible adj. adj. 困難的 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 他說(shuō)的不重要。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 2. 你不用擔(dān)心我。我水性很好。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 3. One very cold Saturday in January, I was told to take our dog out for a walk, but it was so cold that I didnt want to go outside. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 4. What seems easy at first may turn out to be difficult in the end. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 5. He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 閱讀練習(xí) 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 健康保健類 記敘文 226 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Food is life; it gives us the nourishment(營(yíng)養(yǎng)) we need to stay alive and be healthy. 1 . Brian Wansink, a professor at the University of Illinois, says we also eat certain foods because they make us feel good, and remind us of happy memories. 2 . For some people, ice cream is a fort food. For others, a bowl of noodle soup makes them feel good. How does a food bee fort food? Professor Wansink believes that we connect food with important times, feelings, and people in our lives. "When I was a child, my mother made a delicious soup; I loved it. 3 , and it helps me feel better," says one of Wansinks coworkers. Do men and women choose different fort foods? Wansinks research at the University of Illinois says "yes". In his study, the favorite fort food for both men and women was ice cream. After this, men usually preferred hot, savory foods like soup or noodles. 4 . Men and women like to eat fort foods when they are happy, but women eat these foods more when they are sad or worried. 5 . About 40 percent of the fort foods in Wansinks study were healthy main dishes or soups and vegetables. It shows, says Wansink, that a fort food can taste good and be good for you. A. Not all fort food is junk food B. Wansink calls this kind of food fort food C. Now, I often eat this soup when I am tired or worried D. Usually, we eat because we are hungry or need energy E. Women liked sweet things such as chocolate and cookies 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 however conj. 然而，可是 unfortunately adv. 不幸地 right away 立刻，馬上 print v. 印刷，打印 worry about 焦慮…，擔(dān)心… continue v. 繼續(xù) neighborhood n. 附近，街區(qū) give up 放棄，交出 responsible adj. 負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的 difficult adj. 困難的 二、句子英漢互譯。 1. What he says is not important. 2. You don’t have to worry about me. I’m a good swimmer. 3. 在一月一個(gè)非常寒冷的周六，我被讓帶我們的狗出去散步，但是外面太冷了以至于我不想出去。 4. 起初看起來(lái)容易的事情也許到最后變得困難。 5. 他如此生氣以至于說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。 閱讀練習(xí) 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. E 5. A 第6講（下）東城二模閱讀表達(dá) 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇閱讀表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。 2. 掌握閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀表達(dá)中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過(guò)閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀表達(dá)習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 during prep 在…期間 free adj. 自由的，空閑的 laugh at 嘲笑 create v. 創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作 information n. 信息 not…anymore 不再… end up 以…結(jié)束，最終成為… organize v. 組織 be proud of 以…而驕傲 thanks to 多虧，由于 長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. His friends laugh at him because he would rather read than play video games, but his parents and his teachers are proud of him.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：他的朋友嘲笑他因?yàn)樗麑幵缸x書，也不愿意玩游戲，但是他的父母和老師以他為傲。 本句中包含著一個(gè)中考高頻句型“would rather…than…”，意為“寧愿…而不愿…”。 2. He told his friends all about volcanoes and what causes them to erupt（爆發(fā)）.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：他告訴他的朋友所有關(guān)于火山的事情和是什么導(dǎo)致它們爆發(fā)的？ 本句中包含著一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句做tell的賓語(yǔ)。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀表達(dá)解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀表達(dá)的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀表達(dá)解題步驟 第一步 認(rèn)真審題，讀懂題意 做題時(shí)我們應(yīng)先閱讀所給的任務(wù)，明確任務(wù)是什么，再帶著任務(wù)去閱讀材料，這樣就能做到心中有數(shù)，有針對(duì)性的去讀，并能提高閱讀效率。 第二步 快速瀏覽，掌握大意 明確任務(wù)后，應(yīng)迅速閱讀全文來(lái)了解文章主要內(nèi)容，以及文章的感情基調(diào)，作者的意圖、態(tài)度傾向。 第三步 細(xì)讀題目，完成任務(wù) 泛讀全文之后，就可以采用“跳讀”的方式來(lái)尋找細(xì)節(jié)在原文中的對(duì)應(yīng)，“跳讀”的目的就是為細(xì)節(jié)尋找答案。 第四步 復(fù)讀文章，核實(shí)任務(wù) 完成所有任務(wù)后，還應(yīng)結(jié)合題目再把全文通讀一遍，認(rèn)真核實(shí)答案，要注意句子的人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞性、主謂一致等。 二、閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧 在閱讀表達(dá)題型中，要求學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，去完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)或解決一個(gè)問題，主要考察學(xué)生捕捉信息的能力，綜合概括信息的能力和組織信息的能力。接下來(lái)將從細(xì)節(jié)題，是非題，主旨題和活用題四種題型的解題技巧進(jìn)行講解。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)題 解題技巧 細(xì)節(jié)題一般對(duì)人，事，地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間，原因及方式等進(jìn)行提問，首先要審清題目要求，然后找出題目在文中出現(xiàn)的對(duì)應(yīng)段落，直接作答或用自己的話進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述。 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the writer’s question in Letter A? 2. Where were the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people? 4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents’ jobs different from children’s jobs according to Letter A. 典題精析 On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days. 問題：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea? 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“這個(gè)玻璃瓶在海里移動(dòng)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可將答案鎖定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。 答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 題型 題型二：是非題 解題技巧 提問形式為一般疑問句，首先鎖定范圍，在范圍內(nèi)劃出依據(jù)，然后使用Yes / No作答。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do parents have homework according to letter B? 2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage? 3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000? 4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club? 典題精析 Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx. Winkler was then on vacation on AmrumIsland. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didn’t break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didn’t want to damage it. 問題：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in xx? 解析：本題為是非題。題干意為“Marianne Winkler是在xx年發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)瓶子的嗎？”，根據(jù)第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。 答案：Yes. 題型 題型三：主旨題 解題技巧 抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)，先總后分，先分后總還是總分總，確定總寫在篇首還是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述幾種情況，則綜合全文或段落，用自己的話進(jìn)行概括。中考閱讀表達(dá)中的主旨大意題一般由兩點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)構(gòu)成，常用的句型有： 1. 介紹某個(gè)物體，新興事物或抽象概念時(shí)：What……is. 2. 介紹某個(gè)人物時(shí)：Who……is. 3. 介紹做某事的方法時(shí)：How to do …… / How…… 4. 介紹某事物的優(yōu)/缺點(diǎn)時(shí)：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of …… 例1. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例2. What is the main idea of the passage? 解答：How to run a studio system? 例3. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book. 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the passage mainly about? 2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage? 3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 4. What do you learn from this story? 5. What is the purpose of this passage? 典題精析 Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威脅）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally. 問題：What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 解析：本題為段落主旨題。題干意為“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根據(jù)第四段段首句可知“澳大利亞允許更多的火自然燃燒”，而后面的內(nèi)容解釋的是這樣做的原因是保持森林健康，綜合這兩點(diǎn)并運(yùn)用in order to短語(yǔ)即可得出正確答案，應(yīng)填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。 答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally. 題型 題型四：活用題 解題技巧 主觀性最強(qiáng)，需要準(zhǔn)確把握主旨，圍繞文章的中心觀點(diǎn)列出要點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)點(diǎn)成句，進(jìn)行潤(rùn)色，但要注意不能不著邊際，離題萬(wàn)里。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why? 2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 典題精析 I think it’s only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but it’s good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when __________.（北京朝陽(yáng)期末） 問題：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 解析：本題為活用題。題干意為“在letter B結(jié)尾的空白處能夠填什么？”，這類題的答案比較靈活，不是唯一的，只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要說(shuō)的是孩子們?cè)诩依镒鲆恍┘覄?wù)能夠幫助她們學(xué)會(huì)照顧自己，當(dāng)_____, 這一點(diǎn)是有用的。那么一定是孩子離開家，獨(dú)自生活的時(shí)候，答案與此主題一致即可。 答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own …… 語(yǔ)篇精講 瀏覽問題 （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 選項(xiàng) 1 Why do Maxs friends laugh at him? 2 What was the science project? 3 Where did the group get the information about volcanoes? 4 What did the group use to make the volcano model? 5 What do you learn from this story? 通讀尋讀 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類 記敘文 330 6-8分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Maxs Good Habit Max reads more than anyone he knows. He loves to read during all of his free time. His friends laugh at him because he would rather read than play video games, but his parents and his teachers are proud of him. They say reading is important, and it will help him learn about the world around him They also tell him it is a good habit to read on a regular basis. One day Max was reading a magazine article about volcanoes. He told his friends all about volcanoes and what causes them to erupt（爆發(fā)）.The very next week, his class was told to do a science project. It was to create a poster board with information about volcanoes and to build a volcano model. Guess who everyone wanted in their project group? Maxs friends werent laughing at him anymore. Max ended up being in a group with Liz, Anna and Josh. Max made copies of the magazine article about volcanoes so his project partners could read about them too. They also went to the library to look for more information about volcanoes. The group met at Annas house that night to organize the information. They all asked Max what he thought was most important. Then they discussed and decided on the information they wanted to put on the poster board. The next night they met at Joshs house to build their volcano. They used cardboard and modeling clay（黏土）.First they made a volcano shape with the cardboard, and then they covered the shape in brown clay. They also fixed red clay to the top of the volcano to make it look like it was erupting. The volcano looked great. Max, Liz, Anna and Josh were very proud of their hard work. When they teamed in their project, their teacher was proud, too. Thanks to Maxs good habit, they got an A+ on both parts of the project. 1.Why do Maxs friends laugh at him? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. What was the science project? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Where did the group get the information about volcanoes? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. What did the group use to make the volcano model? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 5. What do you learn from this story? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 逐題分析 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇日常生活類的記敘文，主要講述了主人公Max喜歡閱讀的好習(xí)慣，并通過(guò)制作火山模型這件事使這個(gè)好習(xí)慣得到了大家的認(rèn)可。 1. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“為什么Max的朋友嘲笑他？”根據(jù)題干鎖定文章第一段關(guān)鍵句His friends laugh at him because he would rather read than play video games“他的朋友嘲笑他因?yàn)樗麑幵缸x書也不玩游戲”，故正確答案為Because he would rather read than play video games。 答案：Because he would rather read than play video games. 2. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“科學(xué)作業(yè)是什么？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文中關(guān)鍵句It was to create a poster board with information about volcanoes and to build a volcano model.“它是創(chuàng)造一塊上面有關(guān)于火山的信息的海報(bào)板并建造一個(gè)火山模型”，即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：It was to create a poster board with information about volcanoes and to build a volcano model. 3. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“小組是從哪里得到關(guān)于火山的信息的？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章第三段，瀏覽第三段可以總結(jié)出兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，首先根據(jù)Max made copies of the magazine article about volcanoes“Max復(fù)印了雜志上關(guān)于火山的文章”可知第一部分信息來(lái)源是the magazine article；其次根據(jù)They also went to the library to look for more information about volcanoes.“他們也去了圖書館去尋找更多關(guān)于火山的信息”可知第二部分信息來(lái)源是the library，用and連接兩點(diǎn)即可。 答案：From the magazine article that Max read and the library. 4. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“小組用什么制作火山模型？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句They used cardboard and modeling clay（黏土）“他們使用硬紙板和制模用的黏土”，即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：They use cardboard and modeling clay. 5. 解析：本題為主旨題。題干意為“我們能從這個(gè)故事中學(xué)到什么？”，瀏覽文章首尾段，根據(jù)尾段關(guān)鍵句Thanks to Maxs good habit, they got an A+ on both parts of the project.“多虧了Max的好習(xí)慣，他們?cè)谧鳂I(yè)的兩部分都獲得了A+”，由此推斷首先閱讀是個(gè)好習(xí)慣，其次對(duì)我們的學(xué)習(xí)有幫助，組織語(yǔ)言即“I learn that reading is a good and important habit and it’s helpful for our study”。 答案：I learn that reading is a good and impo