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2019-2020年高考英語一輪 語法專題14 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語01 譯林牛津版 高考預(yù)練 從A、B、C、D中選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。（20分） 1. Readers can _______ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through 2. - Do you think its going to rain over weekend? - _______ . A. I dont believe B. I dont believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not 3. _______ we cant get seems better than _______ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 4. - Nancy is not ing tonight. - But she _______ ! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 6. -Why havent you bought any butter? - I _______ to but I forgot about it. A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected 7. _______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B As C. That D. What 8. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which 9. -Im sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. -Theres no _______ for this while you are on duty. A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation 10. Its not rare that in _______ people in _______ are going to university for further education. A. 90s; the fifties B. the 90s; fifties C. 90s; their fifties D. the 90s; their fifties 11. -How many people voted for him? -About 80 percent of those _______ . A. people present B. present people C. people presented D. presented people 12. -How can I learn English well? -I think reading more is the best way _______ your English. A. improving B. to improve C. of improving D. both B and C 13. Broadly speaking, I would agree with Shirley, though not _______ . A. entirely B. extensively C. widely D. thoroughly 14. I wonder how he _______ that to his father. A. dares say B. dared say C. dare say D. dare to say 15. -Can I use your bike? -Im sorry, because Ill have to _______ . A. get it to repair B. have it to be repaired C. get it repaired D. have it repair 16. Please think of a situation _______ the word can be used. A. when B. that C. where D. on which 17. The question of drug-taking is to _______ at the next conference. A. e true B. e across C. e to D. e up 18. -How did the accident happen? -I was walking along the sideway. A car gave off _______ light. I cant see the way clearly. A. far too much B. far much too C. much too far D. too far much 19. I came here for nothing else but to see you _______ . A. purpose B. in purpose C. on purpose D. to the purpose 20. Hearing what she said, he was so excited that he couldnt _______ down. A. calm B. turn C. put D. quiet 參考答案 I.1-5 CDABC 6-10 CBDBD 11-15 ADABC 16-20 CDACA 英語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其意義和句法作用，可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四大類。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又稱行為動(dòng)詞，為表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子的謂語，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩類。英語中的動(dòng)詞短語通常由動(dòng)詞加介詞、副詞、名詞等構(gòu)成，在句中起動(dòng)詞的作用。高考設(shè)題時(shí)往往都是給出四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞或短語來測試考生在具體語境中對動(dòng)詞短語詞意的辨析及其理解和運(yùn)用能力。主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇及完形填空中。 考點(diǎn)一　常用動(dòng)詞辨析 1．a(chǎn)dvise，persuade，suggest advise用作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“勸告，忠告，建議”，強(qiáng)調(diào)提醒或引起注意；persuade表示“說服”，強(qiáng)調(diào)勸說成功，主要搭配是：persuade sb.to do sth.說服某人做某事（相當(dāng)于persuade sb.into doing sth.）；如表示勸說但不一定成功，則使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。suggest用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“建議”，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或從句，從句中的謂語用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。 2．bring，take，carry，fetch bring“帶來，拿來，取來”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從別處帶人或物到說話人所在地。 take“拿走，帶走”，強(qiáng)調(diào)把人或物從說話者身邊帶走，方向與bring相反。 fetch“去拿來，去取來”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從甲地出發(fā)到乙地取物或人后，又回到甲地，相當(dāng)于go and bring。 carry“攜帶，搬運(yùn)，運(yùn)送”，強(qiáng)調(diào)用人力或車輛把人或物從一地運(yùn)到另一地。 3．win，beat，defeat win表示“贏得，戰(zhàn)勝”時(shí)，賓語多是比賽項(xiàng)目等。win sb.則指“贏得人心”。 beat/defeat意為“打敗，擊敗”，其賓語只能是人或由人組成的機(jī)構(gòu)。如：beat sb.打敗某人；defeat their team/ the country/the enemy擊敗了他們的隊(duì)/國家/敵人。 beat多用于表示在比賽或爭論中戰(zhàn)勝對手；defeat多用于在戰(zhàn)爭中打敗對手。 4．believe，believe in believe表示“相信，認(rèn)為”，側(cè)重于相信某人說的話或所做事情的真實(shí)性，其后可跟名詞、代詞、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或賓語從句。 believe in表示“相信，信任，信仰，信奉”，其后常接真理、宗教、原則之類的名詞。 You should believe in yourself and believe that you will succeed one day. 你應(yīng)該相信自己，并且相信某天你將會(huì)成功的。 5．book，order 二者都有“訂購，預(yù)訂”之意，但book指訂各種“票，座位”；而order指“餐館訂飯、菜，定做衣服，訂貨”等，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：place an order for sth.with sb.向某人訂購某物。對比：book a ticket/two seats/a double room訂一張票/兩個(gè)座位/一個(gè)雙人間；order four dishes/ lunch要四個(gè)菜/訂好午飯。 He booked a table for four and ordered six dishes. 他訂了一張四人桌，并且要了六個(gè)菜。 6．choose，select，elect choose表示“選擇，挑選”，有時(shí)也表示“推選，選舉”，但一般表示范圍很小、普通的選擇，沒有elect正式。 select表示“（精心地）挑選，選定”，具有“精選”之意。 elect表示“選舉”，指較大范圍的正式的選舉。 7．disturb，interrupt disturb是及物動(dòng)詞，有“打擾，擾亂，使人心神不安”之意。常用短語：disturb the sleeping child/ones plan/the public peace打擾睡覺的孩子/打亂計(jì)劃/擾亂社會(huì)治安；be mentally disturbed精神上受到影響；be disturbed about對……感到不安。 interrupt有“打斷，打擾”之意，側(cè)重打斷。常用短語：interrupt the supplies中斷供應(yīng)；interrupt ones speech打斷演講。 8．hurt，injure，wound，harm hurt是一般用語，指精神或肉體上受到的傷害，有較強(qiáng)烈的“疼痛”意味； injure比hurt更正式，常指意外事故對身體或精神上的“損害，損傷”； wound主要指外界暴力引起身體創(chuàng)傷，尤指戰(zhàn)爭中受的刀、槍、劍等傷； harm指對人的肉體或精神帶來傷害，特指傷及一個(gè)人或其心態(tài)、健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等，使之產(chǎn)生痛苦、損失或任何不幸遭遇。 He was injured in the car accident and his leg still hurts now. 9．miss，lose miss意為“未能趕上（抓?。?，錯(cuò)過，失去，漏掉”。而lose意為“丟失，迷失方向，迷路”。 He missed the early bus.Whats worse，his key to the car was lost. 10．fit，be fit for，be fit to，suit fit用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“（衣服等）合適，使合身”；be fit for是形容詞短語，表示“適合的，能勝任的”，for后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞；be fit to表示“適合，能勝任”，to是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞原形。suit指顏色、款式的“適合”，而fit指尺寸、大小的“合適”。 11．save，spare save意為“儲(chǔ)蓄，節(jié)省”，指把錢、時(shí)間及其他東西儲(chǔ)蓄起來以備將來用，或指節(jié)省東西，避免浪費(fèi)，也指“救命”。而spare意為“省”，指細(xì)心地省下或節(jié)省錢、時(shí)間、力氣等，常表示省出一部分以留作他用。 12．seat，sit seat是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“使坐下”，可以接人作賓語，還可以用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常見搭配有：seat sb.使某人坐下；seat oneself自己坐下；be seated＝sit down坐好。而sit是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能帶賓語。 考點(diǎn)二　考查同根介詞或副詞動(dòng)詞短語的辨析 使用頻率較高的這類動(dòng)詞有：call，cut，e，go，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常見的介詞或副詞有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over等。 1．動(dòng)詞＋ away構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞有： throw away扔掉；put away把……收拾好；give away捐贈(zèng)，分發(fā)；carry away運(yùn)走；run away 潛逃，跑開；go away 走開。 2．動(dòng)詞＋ for構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞有： answer for負(fù)責(zé)；provide for供給；call for要求；plan for打算，為……計(jì)劃；hope for希望，期待；ask for索取，尋找；send for派人去請；go for努力獲??；pay for償還，賠償；wait for等待；look for尋找。 3．動(dòng)詞＋on構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞有： try on試穿，試驗(yàn)；put on穿上，上演；have on穿著，戴著；pull on穿，戴；hold on不掛斷，堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)；carry on繼續(xù)開展，堅(jiān)持；keep on繼續(xù)；go on繼續(xù)；get on上（車）；e on趕快。 4．動(dòng)詞＋over構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞有： e over過來；hand over移交；go over仔細(xì)檢查，復(fù)習(xí)；get over克服，恢復(fù)；look over檢查；think over仔細(xì)考慮；take over接受，接管；hand over 移交；turn over翻轉(zhuǎn)。 5．動(dòng)詞＋ up構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞有： bring up撫育，培養(yǎng)；call up召喚，打電話給；e up走上前來，長出；cut up切碎；fix up修理；give up放棄；go up 上升，增長；grow up 長大；look up尊敬，向上看，查尋；make up虛構(gòu)，彌補(bǔ)，組成；put up舉起，搭建；pick up 撿起，（開車）接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，創(chuàng)（紀(jì)錄）；send up發(fā)射；show up 揭露，露面；turn up出現(xiàn)，把……調(diào)高一點(diǎn)；take up占據(jù)，開始從事。 6．動(dòng)詞＋out構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞有： e out出來；go out出去，熄滅；look out留神，當(dāng)心；walk out走出；set out出發(fā)，開始；put out撲滅，生產(chǎn)；give out發(fā)出，發(fā)表；hand out分發(fā)；pick out挑選；find out找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)；speak out大聲地說；turn out生產(chǎn)，結(jié)果是；get out出去，離開；work out計(jì)算出，解決，實(shí)行，行得通；carry out實(shí)行，執(zhí)行；bring out出版；start out 出發(fā)，動(dòng)身。 考點(diǎn)三　常見同根動(dòng)詞短語辨析 1．bring bring in引進(jìn)，掙得；bring about引起，導(dǎo)致；bring up養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)，嘔吐，提出；bring out使展現(xiàn)，推出（書、唱片等）；bring down降低，使倒下；bring back把……帶回來，使憶起，使恢復(fù)；bring forth結(jié)果，生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生；bring forward提出，提前；bring off圓滿完成（困難之事）；bring on惹來（壞的結(jié)果），加速。 2．break break down崩潰，瓦解，垮掉，失敗，（化學(xué)）分解，（公共場所）失去理智；break up打碎，（物理）分解，分開，分成（幾部分），結(jié)束，制止；break through逾越，突破，沖破；break away（from）掙脫，脫離；break out爆發(fā)；break in破門而入；break off折斷，中斷；break into進(jìn)入建筑物以便行竊，突然發(fā)出或開始，打擾。 3．e e about發(fā)生；e out結(jié)果出來，出版，泄露，開花；e across偶遇，被理解；e true變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)；e up走上前，被提出，長出地面，走近，升起；e up with產(chǎn)生，發(fā)現(xiàn)（解決辦法、答案等）；e along一起來；e to總計(jì)，清醒過來。 4．give give up放棄；give in屈服，呈交；give out 用盡，耗盡，分發(fā)，公布，發(fā)表，發(fā)出；give away露馬腳，頒發(fā)，贈(zèng)送，送掉，捐贈(zèng)；give off發(fā)出。 5．go go against違背，與……不符，對……不利；go without勉強(qiáng)維持，湊合，go in for愛好，參加，從事；go by過去，依據(jù)，按照；go on繼續(xù)，發(fā)生；go over復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)審查，走近；go ahead 進(jìn)行；go through 從頭到尾地閱讀，經(jīng)歷；go away走開，外出度假，消失；go for去取來或接來，爭取得到；go out出去，熄滅，過時(shí)。 6．keep keep away（from）使遠(yuǎn)離；keep back 扣除，保留，隱瞞不講；keep off 避開；keep on繼續(xù)；keep out 擋在外邊，（警示語）請勿靠近；keep up保持，不低落，持續(xù)，繼續(xù)；keep up with跟上；keep down抑制（以防其增長）。 7．look look ahead向前看；look about環(huán)顧；look after照看，負(fù)責(zé)處理；look back回憶，回顧；look out 當(dāng)心，找出；look on旁觀；look up 向上看，查閱，形勢好轉(zhuǎn)，看望；look down upon看不起；look forward to盼望；look through翻閱；look into調(diào)查，向內(nèi)看；look round尋找，邊走邊看，觀光。 8．put put back放回原處，撥回，阻礙，推遲；put down平定，鎮(zhèn)壓，記下；put away將事物放置于慣常保存之處，儲(chǔ)蓄；put forward提出（計(jì)劃、建議），撥快，提前；put off延期；put on穿戴，上映；put out撲滅，生產(chǎn)；put up舉起，張貼；put up with容忍。 9．take take in吸收；take for 誤認(rèn)為；take out 拿出；take down 放下；take up從事，拿起，占據(jù)（時(shí)間或空間）；take off 飛機(jī)起飛，脫下，休假，成功；take by攻占；take after像；take along 隨身攜帶；take away帶走，拿走，使離去；take back 收回（說錯(cuò)的話），退回（所購商品）；take charge 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管；take on呈現(xiàn)，雇傭；take out拿出，帶……出去；take over 接管，接任；take place發(fā)生。 10．turn turn against轉(zhuǎn)而反對，使與……為敵；turn back折回，掉轉(zhuǎn)頭；turn away轉(zhuǎn)身，走開，打發(fā)走；turn out結(jié)果是，關(guān)上（電燈），趕出，生產(chǎn)，制造；turn down 拒絕，調(diào)??；turn off 關(guān)掉；turn over翻過來，移交；turn in 上交（作業(yè)等），拐入；turn into變成，翻譯；turn on打開，取決于；turn to求助于，翻到；turn up調(diào)大，出現(xiàn)。