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山東大學本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）
摘 要
隨著數(shù)控機床的普遍使用和發(fā)展，自動化程度的不斷提高，主軸及其組件設(shè)計是否合理已成為影響數(shù)控精度、制約數(shù)控發(fā)展的一個重要方面。因此提出了此次設(shè)計理念。本設(shè)計是以TKA2140數(shù)控鏜床授油器主軸部件為主要內(nèi)容。對數(shù)控鏜床授油器主軸進行進一步的探討和研究。
首先對TKA2140進行了總體設(shè)計方案論證，鏜床的各個部件及其功用也做了闡述和分析，主軸部分主要由結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和技術(shù)要求組成，對主軸各部位進行了精確的分析和計算，在連接件設(shè)計中選用了軸承類型及型號，與授油器工作及其相關(guān)的鼓形卡盤也做了分析設(shè)計，并提出了改進方案，完成主軸及連接件的設(shè)計后對其精度也做了詳盡論述，保證其能具備良好的加工精度，液壓缸的設(shè)計中，對授油器工作時起支撐作用的液壓缸及其液壓系統(tǒng)做了設(shè)計和計算，并對右端螺栓連接件進行了仔細的設(shè)計，授油器輔助器件中潤滑密封和冷卻系統(tǒng)對其工作性能有很大的影響，在此都做了詳盡研究。在論文中還對部件進行了改進和創(chuàng)新，對授油器驅(qū)動裝置做了進一步的設(shè)計和改進。旨在設(shè)計出合理的主軸及其部件。在論文的最后對數(shù)控系統(tǒng)進行了設(shè)計，從而使TKA2140數(shù)控深孔鏜床的功能更加完善。
關(guān)鍵詞： 主軸結(jié)構(gòu) 剛度 強度 精度 液壓缸 部件改進
Abstract
With the widespread use of CNC machine tools and development, the continuous improvement of the degree of automation, and its main component design has become a reasonable impact on the accuracy of NC, NC restricting the development of an important aspect. Therefore we proposed design concept. This design is TKA2140 NC awarding oil-boring machine spindle components as the main content. NC delegate to the oil-boring machine spindle to conduct further exploration and study.
?????? First of all TKA2140 as a demonstration programme design, the boring machine and its function of the various components were also made on and analysis, some of the main spindle by the structural design and composition of the technical requirements of each part of a spindle accurate analysis and calculations, connecting pieces Selection of the design of the bearing types and models, and the awarding oil-related work and the drum-shaped chuck have done the analysis and design, and proposed improvement programme, completed spindle and connectivity of the design after its accuracy has also done a detailed exposition Ensure that their processing can have a good accuracy, the design of the hydraulic cylinders for the award for work at the oil play a supportive role in the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic system to do the design and calculation, and the far right of association bolt was carefully designed , The awarding of oil-lubricated sealed auxiliary devices and cooling system of its work of a very large impact of this has done a detailed study. In the paper are also components of the improvement and innovation, to grant the oil to drive the unit to do further design and improvement. Aims to design a reasonable spindle and their components. Finally, the paper numerical control system has been designed so that deep hole boring machine CNC TKA2140 the function more perfect.
Key words spindle structure stiffness strength components improve the accuracy of hydraulic cylinders
目 錄
引言………………………………………………………………………………………………1第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………………2
1.1論文研究背景和意義………………………………………………………………2
1.2 數(shù)控機床國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀………………………………………………………2
1.3 論文主要研究內(nèi)容………………………………………………………………3
第二章 數(shù)控鏜床總體及部分總體設(shè)計 ………………………………………………4
2.1 TKA2140數(shù)控深孔鏜床總體設(shè)計……………………………………………4
2.1.1 調(diào)查研究………………………………………………………………4
2.1.2 方案擬定………………………………………………………………4
2.1.3 各部件總體設(shè)計………………………………………………………5
2.2 授油器總體設(shè)計………………………………………………………………6
2.2.1 授油器參數(shù)……………………………………………………………6
2.2.2工作原理…………………………………………………………………6
2.2.3 授油器設(shè)計規(guī)劃……………………………………………………7
第三章 主軸設(shè)計…………………………………………………………………………8
3.1軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計……………………………………………………………………8
3.2 軸上零件定位…………………………………………………………………9
3.2.1 軸肩定位………………………………………………………………9
3.2.2改進軸強度…………………………………………………………………9
3.3 各軸段直徑和長度的確定……………………………………………………10
3.3.1 主軸平均直徑確定………………………………………………10
3.3.2 主軸支撐跨距的確定………………………………………………11
3.3.3 軸段精確直徑長度…………………………………………………13
3.4 軸在設(shè)計中的技術(shù)要求…………………………………………………………14
3.5 軸校核…………………………………………………………………………14
3.5.1 由彎距合成強度計算…………………………………………………14
3.5.2 校核軸的強度 ……………………………………………………………16
3.5.3 軸重要部位校核……………………………………………………17
第四章 主軸連接件設(shè)計………………………………………………………………18
4.1 球軸承的計算…………………………………………………………………18
4.2 推力球軸承選用…………………………………………………………………19
4.3 鼓形卡盤設(shè)計……………………………………………………………………21
4.4 軸及其配件的擬改進方案………………………………………………………21
4.4.1 導向鍵選擇………………………………………………………………21
4.4.2導向套……………………………………………………………………21
第五章 主軸及連接件的精度……………………………………………………………23
5.1 極限………………………………………………………………………………23
5.1.1 各部位極限選擇………………………………………………………23
5.1.2具體選用方法……………………………………………………24
5.2 公差帶選擇………………………………………………………………24
5.2.1 各部件的公差帶………………………………………………………24
5.2.2 軸與軸承的公差帶…………………………………………………25
5.3 形狀公差和位置公差…………………………………………………………26
5.4 授油器部件表面粗糙度選擇………………………………………………26
第六章 授油器液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計………………………………………………………27
6.1液壓缸設(shè)計………………………………………………………………………27
6.2 螺栓設(shè)計…………………………………………………………………………28
第七章 系統(tǒng)輔助部件設(shè)計……………………………………………………………31
7.1 潤滑………………………………………………………………………………31
7.2 密封………………………………………………………………………………31
7.3 冷卻系統(tǒng)…………………………………………………………………………31
7.3.1 冷卻系統(tǒng)設(shè)計……………………………………………………………31
7.3.2 切削液的選擇……………………………………………………………31
第八章 部件改進創(chuàng)新……………………………………………………………………33
8.1 授油器驅(qū)動裝置…………………………………………………………………33
8.1.1 擬齒輪傳動………………………………………………………………33
8.1.2 擬液壓控制方案…………………………………………………………35
8.2軸承裝配方案………………………………………………………………………36
第九章 機床的電氣設(shè)計 ………………………………………………………………37
9.1 計算機數(shù)控系統(tǒng) …………………………………………………………………37
9.1.1 CNC系統(tǒng)的組成……………………………………………………………37
9.1.2 CNC系統(tǒng)的功能……………………………………………………………37
9.2 鏜床控制系統(tǒng)的單片機設(shè)計 ……………………………………………………38
9.2.1 單片機簡介 ………………………………………………………………38
9.2.2 單片機在機電一體化中的應用 …………………………………………38
9.2.3 單片機系統(tǒng)簡介及設(shè)計 …………………………………………………39
結(jié)論……………………………………………………………………………………………40
致謝………………………………………………………………………………………41
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………………42
附錄…………………………………………………………………………………………43窗體底端