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第29課 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 課堂突破 一、動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式 構(gòu)成 不定式的基本形式為：to+動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)可以不用to，這里的to是不定式符號(hào)，本身無(wú)詞義。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是not+to+動(dòng)詞原形。 功能 說(shuō)明 例句 作主語(yǔ) 不定式作主語(yǔ)，常常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式放在后面。 To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English. 講英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)不容易。 作表語(yǔ) 多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語(yǔ)。 My work is to clean the room every day.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打掃這個(gè)房間。 作賓語(yǔ) 只能作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 —What sports does he like to play? 他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)？—He likes to play basketball. 他喜歡打籃球。 作賓補(bǔ) 在make, let, see, hear, watch等使役、感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式省略to。 The boss makes his workers work all day. 老板讓他的員工整天工作。 作定語(yǔ) 不定式作定語(yǔ)，要放在所修飾詞的后面。 Have you got anything to say? 你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎？ 作狀語(yǔ) 不定式作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。 ①I(mǎi)’m sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。（表原因）②I went to the library to study English. 我去圖書(shū)館學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。（表目的） 不帶to的不定式 除了在使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have及感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, watch, notice等后可接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)外，還有以下幾種情況動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to應(yīng)省略。1. 在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。2. 在had better后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。3. 在why （not）...后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。4. 在Will/Would you please （not）...句型中，please后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。 【活學(xué)活用】 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital __________（cheer） them up. 2. They have decided__________ （join） the English club. 3. Why not__________ （stop） working and have a rest? 4. The boy was made__________ （study） for twelve hours a day without resting. 5. Could you please not__________ （wear） jeans to school? It’s against the school rule. 二、動(dòng)名詞（現(xiàn)在分詞）與過(guò)去分詞 動(dòng)名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞 構(gòu)成 動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，可接賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)；也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。 功能 例句/說(shuō)明 作主語(yǔ) Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 作表語(yǔ) Her job is washing clothes. 她的工作是洗衣服。 作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) 常接v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：enjoy（喜歡），finish（完成），mind（介意），avoid（避免），practice（練習(xí)），admit（承認(rèn)），consider（認(rèn)為），suggest（建議），give up（放棄），keep on（保持），put off（推遲）等。如：Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打開(kāi)窗戶嗎？ 動(dòng)名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞 作介詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ) 作定語(yǔ) 一般情況下，單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)要放在被修飾詞的前面，要是分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)則要放在被修飾詞的后面。如：①There is a swimming pool in front of our school. 在我們學(xué)校前面有一個(gè)游泳池。②The man talking to a stranger loudly is our English teacher. 正和一位陌生人大聲交談的那個(gè)人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。 作狀語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，而且句子的主語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在分詞的執(zhí)行者。如：We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. 我們考慮到孩子們都喜歡這些東西，就通常給他們提供玩具、足球或籃球。 過(guò)去分詞 特征 過(guò)去分詞具有形容詞、副詞的特征，在句中可作定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)；也具有動(dòng)詞的特征，其后可以跟賓語(yǔ)或被狀語(yǔ)修飾，構(gòu)成分詞短語(yǔ)。 功能 功能 說(shuō)明 例句 作定語(yǔ) 一般情況下，單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)要放在被修飾詞的前面，要是分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)則要放在被修飾詞的后面。 ①He is a well-known English teacher. 他是一位有名的英語(yǔ)老師。②There is a letter written by Li Ming. 有一封李明寫(xiě)的信。 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞用在see, hear, notice, keep, find, get, have等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 ①Teenagers are not allowed to get their ears pierced.青少年不允許穿耳洞。②You should have your bike repaired. 你應(yīng)該找人修修你的自行車(chē)。 動(dòng)詞后接不定式與接v.-ing形式的區(qū)別 1. forget doing/to do forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事（已做）；forget to do忘了要做某事（未做）。如： ①The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 辦公室的燈還亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。（沒(méi)關(guān)燈） ②He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)燈了。（已關(guān)燈） ③Don’t forget to buy some food for your mother tomorrow. 明天別忘了給你媽媽買(mǎi)些食品。 2. stop doing/to do stop doing停止做某事；stop to do停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事。如： ①They stop to smoke cigarettes. 他們停下來(lái)去抽煙。 ②I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙了。 3. regret doing/to do regret doing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔（已做）；regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾（未做）。如： ①I(mǎi) regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遺憾必須這樣去做，但我實(shí)在沒(méi)有辦法。 ②I don’t regret telling her what I thought. 我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。 4. 感官動(dòng)詞+doing/do 常見(jiàn)的感官動(dòng)詞有see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste。“感官動(dòng)詞+do”表示動(dòng)作的完整性、真實(shí)性；“感官動(dòng)詞+doing”表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性、進(jìn)行性。如： ①I(mǎi) saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看見(jiàn)他在花園里干活了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見(jiàn)他在干活”這一整個(gè)動(dòng)作） ②I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見(jiàn)他正在干活”這個(gè)動(dòng)作） 【活學(xué)活用】 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Remember__________ （post） the letter for me on your way to school. 2. I remember__________ （meet） all of you when you were just starting Grade 7 at this school. 3. Tom, you should have your hair__________ （cut） this evening. It’s too long. 4. It’s important__________ （get） on well with your classmates at school. 5. I’m considering__________ （buy） a new car this year. 當(dāng)堂檢測(cè) 一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. （xx杭州中考）These days it is difficult__________ （imagine） a world without books. 2. —Why haven’t you left school, Bob? —I’m waiting for my father__________ （take） me home. 3. I found it very hard__________ （arrive） on time because of the heavy rain. 4. He used__________ on the right in China, but he soon got used__________ （drive） on the left in England. 5. I will show you the photos__________ （take） in Thailand by the time they e out. 6. —What should I do, doctor? —__________（keep） healthy, you should take more exercise. 7. Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams__________ （e） true. 8. Mr. Wang does what he can__________ （help） us improve our English. 二、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每詞限用一次。（xx紹興市越城區(qū)中考模擬） you surprise people fill at 1. With the help of the robots,__________ life has bee more and more convenient. 2. A child is not a vase to be__________ , but a fire to be lit. 3. Look up__________ the stars, there is hope everywhere. 4.__________ , she didn’t feel nervous, or regretful about her actions. 5. Don’t be afraid to go for your dreams. Don’t be afraid to be__________ . 三、任務(wù)型閱讀。（xx麗水模擬） 閱讀下面的短文，找出合適的內(nèi)容填入文后的表格中，完成不同表達(dá)方式的摘記。 One thing that the British, the Americans and the Australians have in mon is their language: they all speak English. But, if you’re a tourist in one of these places, you’ll find there are many differences...and not only in the language!Have a look at our essential survival guide. Being Polite You want to know how to be polite wherever you are. It’s mon for people to queue（UK/Aus） and stand in line（US） at bus stops and in shops—so don’t push to the front. Don’t be surprised to hear English people saying “sorry” a lot—even if it’s you who steps on their foot. It’s best just to say “sorry”, too. And in the US, when every shop assistant asks “How are you?” It’s polite to answer “I’m good, thanks.” In Australia, it is a bit more informal, as most people greet each other with the traditional Australian “G’day”. Eating Out As a visitor in a new country, you try new food and go to different restaurants. You’ll soon learn the differences in various kinds of food and drink, such as French fries（US） and chips（UK/Aus）, and soda（US）, fizzy drink（UK） and soft drink（Aus）. Remember, too, about tipping: in the US, it is mon to tip 18-20% of your check（US） wherever you go. In the UK and in Australia, most people tip about 12-15% of their bill（UK/Aus）. Travel and Transport In the UK, and in Australia, you drive on the left side of the road, but in the US, you drive on the right. Remember this is also important if you are a pedestrian（行人）. When you cross the road, check the direction of the vehicles（車(chē)輛） before stepping off the sidewalk（US）, the pavement（UK） or the footpath（Aus）. The differences in the language UK Aus US queue queue 1 chips chips 2 fizzy drink 3 soda 4 bill check pavement 5 sidewalk  參考答案 課堂突破 一、1. to cheer 2. to join 3. stop 4. to study 5. wear 二、1. to post 2. meeting 3. cut 4. to get5. buying 當(dāng)堂檢測(cè) 一、1. to imagine 2. to take 3. to arrive4. to drive, to driving 5. taken 6. To keep 7. e 【解析】make后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 8. to help 【解析】根據(jù)句意“王老師做他能夠做的來(lái)幫助我們提高英語(yǔ)”可知應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。 二、1. people’s 2. filled 3. at 4. Surprisingly 5. yourself/yourselves 三、1. line 2. French fries 3. soft drink 4. bill 5. footpath