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Unit1 Unit1Laughterisgoodforyou Grammarandusage Overview infinitive verb ingandverb ed 1 什么是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞的三種形態(tài) 不能獨(dú)立的在句子中做謂語(yǔ) 必須與系動(dòng)詞或者助動(dòng)詞一起充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)成分 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的三種形式 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中的作用 作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)Toseeistobelieve Torecoverlosttimeisimpossible Itis was adj for ofsb todosth e g Itisimpossibletorecoverlosttime Itisveryfriendlyofyoutoinviteustoyourbirthdayparty 單個(gè)不定式作主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 若不定式太長(zhǎng) 往往用it作形式主語(yǔ) 不定式置后 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth Itis was no adj doingsth e g It snouselearninglotsofwordswithoutknowinghowtousethem But Itisnotuseful goodtodosth Itisuse goodforsb todosth 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 不定式作主語(yǔ)常表示具體的某一動(dòng)作 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示泛指或一般的抽象概念 在there it be nouse good help need之后常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) 不定式可以和when where how what whether等連用 在句中作主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ) 而動(dòng)名詞則不能 高考鏈接 isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold ThewalkB WalkingC TowalkD Walk 二 作賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)e g Hedecidedtoworkharderinordertocatchupwiththeothers Irefusetoacceptwhateveryoubuyforme 記憶口訣 決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望 拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝 主動(dòng)應(yīng)答選計(jì)劃 同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫 decide determine learn want hope expect wish refuse manage care pretend offer promise choose plan agree ask beg help 高考鏈接 Weagreed here butsofarshehasn tturnedupyet A havingmetB meetingC tomeetD tohavemet 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)e g Iwouldappreciateyoucallingbacktonight Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice HearingwhathappenedinSichuan manypeoplecouldn thelpcrying 記憶口訣 考慮建議盼原諒 承認(rèn)推遲沒得想 避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練 否認(rèn)完成就欣賞 禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn) 不禁建議準(zhǔn)逃亡 consider suggest advise lookforwardto excuse pardonadmit delay putoff fancy avoid misskeep keepon practisedeny finish enjoy appreciate forbid imaging risk can thelp mind allow permit escape 不定式用在介詞but except besides后時(shí)如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式 那么介詞后的不定式不帶to 相反則帶to e g 1 Shecoulddonothingbutcry 2 Ihavenochoicebuttogo 3 Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep 某些特殊動(dòng)詞 forget remember regret stop try mean goon cease want need require 高考鏈接 Thelightintheofficeisstillon Oh Iforgot turningitoffB turningitoffC toturnitoffD havingturneditoff2 Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting Well nowIregret that A todoB tobedoingC tohavedoneD havingdone 三 作賓補(bǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ) V1 sb todosth ask require tell order force get want like think judge suppose believe consider imagine callon dependon waitfor askfor V2 sb dosth 感官動(dòng)詞 see watch observe notice lookat hear listen smell taste feel使役動(dòng)詞 have make let 五看三使二聽二味一感覺 e g Youdon thavetomakePaullearnFrench Pauldoesn thavetobemadetolearnFrench 某些動(dòng)詞真奇怪 to來to去令人猜 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to離開 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to回來 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ) V sb doingsth e g IsawMarylyingonbed crying whenIranintotheclassroom Howcouldyoukeepsuchalittleboyworkinglongday Motherfoundtheboysmokinginthecorner Onthegrass coveredslopes onecouldseesheepandcattlegrazingpeacefully 過去分詞作賓補(bǔ) V sb sth donesth e g Ineedthischapterrewrittenbeforetomorrow Arrivingatthestation wefoundthetraingonealready 四 作定語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)1 表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 e g Hehasnowishtoseeher 表主動(dòng) 他并不想見她 Thepowerstationtobebuiltnextyearwillbeofgreatvaluetothepeople 表被動(dòng) 明年將修建的發(fā)電站將對(duì)人們有利 2 在序數(shù)詞 形容詞最高級(jí) thefirst thelast theonly等修飾的名詞后作定語(yǔ) e g Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave 他總是第一個(gè)來最后一個(gè)走 3 若作定語(yǔ)的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞 或者及物動(dòng)詞與被修飾的詞不能構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí) 則不定式動(dòng)詞后須加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~ e g Heislookingforaroomtolivein 他正在找房子住 4 一個(gè)帶有賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí) 為了使句意完整 須加一個(gè)相應(yīng)的介詞 e g WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn hesaidthatTomwasthepersontosenditto 當(dāng)我把報(bào)告交給約翰時(shí) 他說我應(yīng)該把報(bào)告交給湯姆 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)1 ing形式和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系 表示這個(gè)名詞 人或物 的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句 e g Thesedancinggirls thesegirlswhoaredancing arefrommyclass 正在跳舞的這些女孩是我班上的 At11o clock pleasefindthewaitingbus thebuswhichiswaiting attheentrance 十一點(diǎn)鐘時(shí) 請(qǐng)?jiān)谌肟谔幷业群虻墓财?表示現(xiàn)在 或當(dāng)時(shí) 的狀態(tài) 變?yōu)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句時(shí)常用一般時(shí)態(tài) e g Thetemplestanding which thatstands onthetopofthehillwasbuiltintheMingDynasty 坐落在山頂上的那個(gè)寺廟建于明朝 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 變?yōu)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句時(shí)要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) e g Doyouseethewomantalkingto who thatistalkingto thesecretary 你看見那位和秘書談話的婦女了嗎 ing形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí) 它所表示的動(dòng)作是正在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生 如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先有后 一般不用 ing形式作定語(yǔ) 這時(shí)應(yīng)用定語(yǔ)從句 e g Thosewhohavefinishedtheirworkcangohomenow 完成工作的那些人現(xiàn)在可以回家了 being不能單獨(dú)用作定語(yǔ) e g Anyonewhoisfitfor 不用beingfitfor thisjobcansignyournamehere 任何能勝任這項(xiàng)工作的人都可在這里簽名 ing形式的完成式一般不能用作定語(yǔ) 除非為非限制性的后置定語(yǔ) e g Themanagerwasn tangrywiththemanwhohadbeensorude 不用havingbeensorude 經(jīng)理并不為這個(gè)人的粗魯而生氣 2 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有主謂關(guān)系 表示這個(gè)名詞的某種用途和性能 作 供 作 之用 解 e g Thereisaswimmingpool apoolforswimming inourschool 我們學(xué)校有座游泳池 Weshoulddosomethingtoimproveourlivingconditions conditionsforliving 我們應(yīng)該做些事情來改善我們的生活條件 過去分詞作定語(yǔ) 1 過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生 并且表被動(dòng) e g Aletterpostedthismorningwillprobablyreachhertomorrow 明天她可能會(huì)收到今早寄出的信 2 沒有一定的時(shí)間性 僅表示被動(dòng) e g Idon tliketoseetheletterwritteninpencil 我不喜歡看用鉛筆寫的信 3 表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作 不表示被動(dòng) 動(dòng)詞通常為不及物動(dòng)詞 e g therisensun thesunwhichhasrisen已升起的太陽(yáng)thefallenleaves theleaveswhichhavefallen落葉4 如過去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生 其結(jié)構(gòu)為beingdone e g Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant 現(xiàn)在正在討論的問題很重要 高考鏈接 1 Pricesofdailygoods throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices A areboughtB boughtC beenboughtD buying2 Thepicture onthewallispaintedbymynephew A havinghungB hangingC hangsD beinghung 3 Therearefivepairs butI matalosswhichtobuy A tobechosenB tochoosefromC tochooseD forchoose4 ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV therearepictures inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes A toformB formC formingD havingformed Thefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbytheinfinitive afford agree appear arrange ask attempt care choose claim come consent dare decide demand deserve determine elect endeavor Remember expect fail get guarantee hate help hesitatehope hurry intend learn long manage mean need offer plan prepare pretend promiserefuse say seem tend threaten want wish ThefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbyV ing avoid consider delay deny dislike endure enjoy escape forgive finish imagine keep mind miss pardon prevent resist suggest understand can thelp ThefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbyV ingortheinfinitive love like hate prefer dislike begin continue intend attempt propose want need remember forget regret try deserve start Beartheminyourmind Homework Gooverthegrammar FinishExA BonPage9