2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破十 特殊句式和交際用語 真題試做 1．(xx山東高考，22)—Sorry Im late.I got stuck in traffic. —______.Youre here nowe in and sit down. A．You are wele　　　　 B．Thats right C．I have no idea D．Never mind 2．(xx山東高考，22)—Im sorry I broke the vase. —Oh，______.It wasnt very expensive. A．youd better not B．Im afraid not C．a(chǎn)s you wish D．thats all right 3．(xx山東高考，21)—Do you think you could do without help? —______.This is not the first time for me. A．Take care B．Hurry up C．Not exactly D．Dont worry 4．(xx山東高考，27) So sudden ______ that the enemy had no time to escape. A．did the attack B．the attack did C．was the attack D．the attack was 考向分析 從近幾年高考試題來看，特殊句式主要考查倒裝句、省略句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法，交際用語主要考查語境和英語思維習(xí)慣。命題的著重點(diǎn)在以下幾個(gè)方面： 1．考查倒裝句式，特別注意以下三種情況： (1)含有否定意義的詞置于句首時(shí)，部分倒裝。 (2)only位于句首修飾狀語等，部分倒裝。 (3)so/such...that句型中，so/such位于句首時(shí)，后面的主句倒裝，that從句不倒裝。 2．考查省略句的構(gòu)成，尤其是以下四種情況： (1)省略主語、主語和謂語、主語和謂語的一部分。 (2)狀語從句省略為“連詞＋非謂語動(dòng)詞”形式，務(wù)必要明確句子主語與非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯關(guān)系以及非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語的時(shí)間關(guān)系。 (3)不定式的省略。 (4)not，so，neither，nor的“替代性”省略。 3．考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的構(gòu)成和強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語的方法。近幾年高考更加注重考查知識(shí)之間的交叉現(xiàn)象，加大了綜合考查語法知識(shí)的力度，以下幾個(gè)方面要引起高度重視： (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句式和特殊疑問句式的構(gòu)成。 (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)not...until...句型的特殊構(gòu)成方式。 (3)把強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語從句、省略句以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句的考查等融合到一起考查學(xué)生綜合把握語法知識(shí)的能力。 4．考查習(xí)慣應(yīng)答類交際用語?？疾榈姆绞揭詰?yīng)答為主、提問為輔，側(cè)重考查上下句在語氣上的和諧一致以及考生的英語思維意識(shí)。要求考生掌握一些常見的諸如打電話、問路、購物等交際話題的固定套語，以及表示感謝、道歉、請(qǐng)求等的應(yīng)答用語。 5．考查語言結(jié)構(gòu)類交際用語。常以習(xí)慣用法和變異句(如省略句)的方式呈現(xiàn)，側(cè)重考查考生的識(shí)記能力和知識(shí)積累。要求考生依據(jù)對(duì)話情景和所掌握的正確交際用語來作出選擇。 熱點(diǎn)例析 考點(diǎn)一：倒裝句 1．全部倒裝常見的情況： (1)here/there/out/in/up/down/away等副詞置于句首，句子主語又是名詞時(shí)，須用全部倒裝語序。如： Here is a letter for you. Out rushed the children. Away went the boy. 句子主語是代詞時(shí)，不用倒裝語序。如： Here she es. Out they rushed. (2)有的句子為了保持前后平衡、使上下文緊密銜接，或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)生動(dòng)，或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語或狀語，常采用全部倒裝語序。如： Present at the meeting will be the person who thinks up an idea for this programme. (3)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首時(shí)，須用全部倒裝語序。如： In front of his house sat a small boy. (4)so/neither/nor置于句首，表示前面的情況也適用于另一者時(shí)，須用全部倒裝語序。如： He is a doctor.So is his wife. I have never been there，and neither has he. so位于句首，但表示對(duì)前面所說情況的認(rèn)同和強(qiáng)調(diào)、前后主語一致時(shí)，不用倒裝，這時(shí) so意為“的確，確實(shí)，真的”。 如： —He can speak English. —So he can. 【典例分析】 (xx四川高考，5)This is not my story，nor______the whole story.My story plays out differently. A．is there　　　　　　　 B．there is C．is it D．it is 答案為C項(xiàng)。句意：這不是我的故事，也不是整個(gè)故事。我的故事結(jié)局是不同的。nor位于句首時(shí)，應(yīng)用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。該句主語應(yīng)該是it而不是there be句型，故選C項(xiàng)。 (xx重慶高考，33) At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ______，one of the ten largest cities in China. A．lies Chongqing B．Chongqing lies C．does lie Chongqing D．does Chongqing lie 答案為A項(xiàng)。表示地點(diǎn)或方位的副詞、介詞短語等位于句首作狀語時(shí)，句子應(yīng)用全部倒裝，故選A項(xiàng)。 2．部分倒裝常見的情況： (1)含有否定意義的副詞或連詞never/not/nowhere/little/seldom/hardly/not only/no sooner等置于句首時(shí)，須用部分倒裝語序。如： Never shall I forget it. Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started. (2)only置于句首，修飾狀語時(shí)，須用部分倒裝語序。如： Only in this way can you learn English well. (3)as意為“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，須用部分倒裝語序，把表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形提前，并且作表語的名詞提前時(shí)，不能帶有冠詞。如： Pretty as she is，she is not clever. Try as he would，he might fail again. (4)表示“如此……以至于……”的so/such...that...句型，為強(qiáng)調(diào)而把so/such...置于句首時(shí)，須用部分倒裝語序。如： So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself. Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 【典例分析】 (xx上海高考，29) Only with the greatest of luck ______ to escape from the rising flood waters. A．managed she B．she managed C．did she manage D．she did manage 答案為C項(xiàng)。only位于句首修飾狀語時(shí)，后面的句子要用部分倒裝語序，故C項(xiàng)正確。 (xx遼寧高考，32)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ______ having a holiday abroad. A．he had considered B．had he considered C．he considered D．did he consider 答案為D項(xiàng)。句意：直到他三年前從教學(xué)崗位上退休，他才考慮去國(guó)外度假。否定意義的副詞置于句首時(shí)，句子要采用部分倒裝語序，且根據(jù)retired判斷應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故D項(xiàng)正確。 (xx陜西高考，18)Hot ______ the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A．a(chǎn)lthough B．a(chǎn)s C．while D．however 答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：盡管晚上天氣很熱，我們還是睡得很沉，因?yàn)榻?jīng)過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的旅行之后我們太累了。as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)需用倒裝，其形式是將作表語的形容詞或名詞置于句首。 考點(diǎn)二：省略句 1．不定式的省略。某些動(dòng)詞后面可省略作賓語的不定式而只保留to。但to后有系動(dòng)詞be或助動(dòng)詞have時(shí)，be和have也應(yīng)保留。如： He did not give me the chance，though he had promised to (give me the chance)． —Are you an engineer? —No，but I want to be (an engineer)． —He hasnt finished the task yet. —Well，he ought to have (finished the task)． 2．在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，從句主語可以省略，同時(shí)將從句的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉衷~形式。如果主語與從句謂語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞。如： While waiting/he was waiting there，he saw two pretty girls e out of the building. If not/he is not invited，he wont go to your birthday party. 3．在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步等狀語從句中，從句主語與主句主語一致或從句主語是it，其后動(dòng)詞是be時(shí)，可省去“主語＋be” 部分。如： When (he was) still a boy of ten，he had to work day and night. If (it is) necessary，Ill explain to you again. 4．表示“除了”的介詞but前若有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do/does/did/done，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。如： I could do nothing but wait there. 介詞but前若沒有動(dòng)詞do及其變化形式，后面的不定式帶to。如： We had no choice but to obey the rules. 【典例分析】 (xx課標(biāo)全國(guó)高考，32)Film has a much shorter history，especially when ______ such art forms as music and painting. A．having pared to B．paring to C．pare to D．pared to 答案為D項(xiàng)。pare...to...意為“把……和……進(jìn)行比較”，在該題when后面為非謂語形式，由于句子主語film和pare為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞形式，此處是when it (film) is pared to such art forms as music and painting的省略。 考點(diǎn)三：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 1．構(gòu)成形式：it is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who/whom... 2．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型常用來強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語、賓語或狀語。該句型的主語總是無意義的it，不可換用this或that。無論強(qiáng)調(diào)什么，引導(dǎo)詞都可用that，強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可用who/whom，不可使用其他引導(dǎo)詞。如： It was Li Ping that/whom I met in the park yesterday. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? When and where was it that you were born? 3．not until置于句首時(shí)須用倒裝語序。強(qiáng)調(diào)not...until...句型的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，要把not與until連在一起。如： It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 4．在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí)，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)同被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如： It is I who am responsible for the accident. 5．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型不能用來強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的謂語。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要借助于助動(dòng)詞do/does/did，表示“確實(shí)，真的，務(wù)必”之意。如： Do sit down. He does work very hard. 【典例分析】 (xx湖南高考，30)It was not until I came here ______ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. A．who　　　 B．that C．where　　 D．before 答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：直到來到此地我才意識(shí)到此處出名的不僅是它的美景而且還有這里的天氣。判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的方法是將it is/was...that去掉時(shí)句式是否完整。不難看出此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)not until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語，故B項(xiàng)正確。 (xx重慶高考，32)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ______ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. A．when B．that C．a(chǎn)fter D．since 答案為B項(xiàng)。該題為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic，故用that來引導(dǎo)。句意：在哥倫布橫渡大西洋80年前，鄭和就已經(jīng)航海到達(dá)了東非。 考點(diǎn)四：反意疑問句 構(gòu)成形式：“肯定句＋否定疑問句”或“否定句＋肯定疑問句” 1．前面若有多個(gè)句子并列，則以最后一個(gè)句子為準(zhǔn)；若前面部分為主從復(fù)合句，一般來說，以主句為準(zhǔn)；但若主從復(fù)合句的主句謂語動(dòng)詞是think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect/guess等，主語又是第一人稱且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、謂語又沒有任何副詞修飾時(shí)，反意疑問部分的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)、人稱則以從句為準(zhǔn)，而肯、否定形式依主句而定。 Mr.Smith had been to Beijing for several times，so he should have been in China now，shouldnt he? He said he wanted to visit Japan，didnt he? I dont think he is bright，is he? 2．前面句子含有must/cant/may等表示推測(cè)的詞時(shí)，疑問部分則依據(jù)句子的實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)及時(shí)間狀語而定。 He must be a doctor，isnt he? He must have finished it yesterday，didnt he? 3．前面部分有否定意義的no，nothing，nobody，never，few，seldom，hardly，rarely，little等詞時(shí)，后面部分用肯定形式；但若前面部分含有由否定詞綴構(gòu)成的否定詞時(shí)，后面部分還是用否定形式。 Some plants never blossom，do they? It is impossible，isnt it? 【典例分析】 (xx上海高考，30)It doesnt matter if they want to e to your party，______？ A．doesnt it B．does it C．dont they D．do they 答案為B項(xiàng)。復(fù)合句的反意疑問句的構(gòu)成原則就是與主句保持一致，該題主句部分為否定，所以答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：他們是否來參加你的聚會(huì)沒有關(guān)系，是嗎？ (xx江蘇高考，25)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，______？ A．is there B．isnt there C．is he D．isnt he 答案為A項(xiàng)。一般來說，復(fù)合句后面的反意疑問句應(yīng)根據(jù)主句構(gòu)成，可排除C、D項(xiàng)；該題主句中有否定意義的little，所以反問時(shí)用肯定形式，答案為A項(xiàng)。 考點(diǎn)五：社會(huì)交往類交際用語 1．介紹： This is... Id like you to meet... My name is...Im... 2．告別： Nice meeting you./Nice having you here. 3．感謝和應(yīng)答： —Thank you very much./Thanks a lot./Many thanks./Thanks for helping me. —Not at all./Thats OK./Thats all right./Youre wele./Dont mention it./(Its)My pleasure./Its nothing./Think nothing of it. 4．道歉和應(yīng)答： —Im sorry./Im sorry to trouble you. —It doesnt matter./Its not important./Thats nothing./Forget it./Thats all right./Never mind./No problem./Not to worry. 5．祝愿、祝賀和應(yīng)答： (1)—Good luck！/Best wishes to you./Have a nice/good time/journey./Congratulations! —Thank you. (2)—Happy New Year！/Merry Christmas! —The same to you. (3)—Happy birthday to you. —Thank you. 6．遺憾和同情： What a pity！/Im sorry to hear that./Thats really unlucky./Bad luck./Just my luck. 7．邀請(qǐng)和應(yīng)答： —Would you like to...? —Yes，Id love to./That would be fine./Thats very kind of you./All right./Yes，I will. —I would love to，but.../I am afraid I cant.../Sorry，I cant. 8．提供幫助和應(yīng)答： —Can I help you？/What can I do for you？/Here，take this/my bike./Let me do it for you. —Thanks for your help./Yes，please./No，thanks./Thats very kind of you. 9．請(qǐng)求允許和應(yīng)答： (1)—May/Can/Could I．..? —Yes./Certainly./Of course./Yes，do please./OK./All right. (2)—Do/Would you mind if I．..? —No，not at all./Never mind./Youd better not. 10．請(qǐng)求和應(yīng)答： —Can/Could you...for me？/Will/Would you please do sth.？/May I have...？/Please give/pass me... —With pleasure./Certainly./Sure，go ahead./Yes，help yourself./Of course not，go ahead. —Im afraid not./Better not./I would rather you didnt./No，thank you. 11．勸告、建議和應(yīng)答： (1)If I were you，Id.../It might be a good idea if you.../Have you ever thought of...？/I strongly advise you to.../Personally，I think youd better.../You need (to)．.. (2)Why not do...？/Why dont you do...？/What about...？/How about doing...？/Shall we...？/Lets...，shall we? 肯定應(yīng)答：Good idea./Thats great./Sounds great./It sounds good./Thats fine./Why not? 否定應(yīng)答：I would love to，but.../I am afraid.... 12．打電話： (1)This is...(speaking)．/It is...here. (2)Whos that (speaking/calling)？/Is that...(speaking)? (3)Hold on，please./Hold the line，please. (4)Can I take a message? (5)Can you give/leave a message? (6)Can/Could I ask who is calling? 13．購物： (1)What can I do for you？/Whats the price of...? (2)Its well worth the money. (3)Have you got anything a little cheaper? (4)How much does it e to? (5)Its a bit too large (small，plain etc.)for me. (6)Thats fine.Ill take it. 14．問路和應(yīng)答： —Excuse me.Can you tell me the way to...？/How can I get to...? —Go down this street./Turn right at the first crossing./Its only a tenminute walk from here./Go straight ahead till you see... 15．就餐： (1)—What would you like (to have)？/Would you like something to drink? —Id like... (2)—Would you like some more...? Just a little，please./Im full，thank you./No，I enjoyed it very much，but I wont have any more. (3)Make yourself at home./Help yourself to... 16．看?。? 醫(yī)生用語： (1)Whats wrong with you？/Whats the matter with you？/Whats your trouble？/Is there anything wrong with you? (2)Take this medicine three times a day. (3)Youll have to have an examination./Youll have to have a chemical examination./You need an injection. (4)Take it easy./Its nothing serious./Youll be well./Youll be all right soon. 病人用語： I have got a pain here./This place hurts./There is something wrong with my back/leg/arm./Ive got a cough/headache/toothache/stomachache/fever./I feel bad/terrible/sick today.I dont feel well/all right today. 17．談?wù)撎鞖猓? Whats the weather like today？/How is the weather in...？/Whats the weather going to be like at the weekend? 18．祝酒用語： (1)Lets drink to.../Drink a toast to.../Cheers! (2)I now propose a toast to.../Id like to propose a toast to... 19．語言困難： Pardon？/Would you please say that again？/Would you please say that more slowly？/What do you mean by...？/Im sorry I cant follow you./Im sorry I know only a little English. 【典例分析】 (xx安徽高考，22)—May I help you？You seem to be having some problems. —______，thanks.I think I can manage. A．All right B．No problem C．Its all right D．Theres no way 答案為C項(xiàng)。句意：——我可以幫助你嗎？你好像有麻煩?！挥昧?，謝謝。我認(rèn)為我能應(yīng)付。all right意為“行，好吧”；no problem意為“沒問題”；Its all right意為“沒關(guān)系，不用了”；Theres no way意為“沒辦法，沒門”。由句意可知，C項(xiàng)符合語境。 (xx重慶高考，26)—The Modern Art Exhibition in the City Museum has been cancelled. —Oh，no! ______. A．Its a pity B．It doesnt matter C．I knew it already D．Its not interesting at all 答案為A項(xiàng)。由上句可知現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)展已取消了，下句中“no”說明這是后者不愿看到的事情，故選A項(xiàng)表示遺憾。B項(xiàng)表示“沒關(guān)系”；C項(xiàng)表示“我早知道了”；D項(xiàng)表示“一點(diǎn)也沒意思”，三項(xiàng)都不符合題意。句意：——在市博物館舉行的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)展已經(jīng)取消了?！?，不，真遺憾。 考點(diǎn)六：態(tài)度類交際用語 1．同意和不同意： (1)Certainly./Sure./Of course./Yes，please./Yes，I think so./All right./OK./I couldnt agree more./Exactly./Absolutely./No problem./Thats a good idea./I agree with you. (2)Not really./Not exactly./That depends./No way./Its hard to say./I am afraid not./No，I dont think so./Im afraid not./I really cant agree with you. 2．肯定和不肯定： (1)Im sure./Im sure that... (2)Im not sure./Im not sure whether/if.../Maybe.... 3．禁止和警告： You mustnt.../Take care！/Look out！/You are not allowed to... 【典例分析】 (xx天津高考，5)—You have to believe in yourself.No one else will，if you dont. —______.Confidence is really important. A．Its not my cup of tea B．Thats not the point C．I dont think so D．I couldnt agree more 答案為D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)下文的句子“Confidence is really important.”可知，答話人完全同意說話人的看法，故選D項(xiàng)表示“我完全同意”。A項(xiàng)表示“這不是我喜歡的人或物”；B項(xiàng)表示“那不是重點(diǎn)或關(guān)鍵”；C項(xiàng)表示“我不這樣認(rèn)為”。 (xx天津高考，1)—Can I have a day off tomorrow，Mr. Johnson? —______.I can manage without you. A．Forget it B．Im afraid not C．It depends D．Of course 答案為D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)下文的句子“I can manage without you.”可判斷，答話人同意了對(duì)方請(qǐng)一天假的要求，故選擇D項(xiàng)“當(dāng)然可以”。A項(xiàng)表示“不必在意”；B項(xiàng)表示“恐怕不行”；C項(xiàng)表示“視情況而定”。 考點(diǎn)七：情感類交際用語 1．驚奇： How e...？/Is that so？/What a surprise！/Good heavens. 2．同情： Im sorry to hear that./What a pity./Bad luck. 3．安慰： Make yourself at home./Take your time./Take it easy./It will be OK./Dont worry./Its quite all right. 4．鼓勵(lì)： e on./Cheer up./Well done./You will make it. 5．不在乎： So what？/Who cares? 【典例分析】 (xx江蘇高考，24)—Dont worry，Mum.The doctor said it was only the flu. —______！Ill tell Dad theres nothing serious. A．What a relief B．Congratulations C．How surprising D．Im so sorry 答案為A項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)意為“可以松口氣了，總算放心了”；B項(xiàng)意為“祝賀你”；C項(xiàng)意為“多么令人吃驚啊”；D項(xiàng)意為“我實(shí)在抱歉”。根據(jù)前面的only the flu和后面的nothing serious判斷病情不嚴(yán)重，所以選A項(xiàng)。 (xx浙江高考，20)—Im going to San Francisco for a couple of days. —______.I wish I could get away for a while. A．It doesnt matter B．Forget it C．I really envy you D．I cant agree more 答案為C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)后句“I wish I could get away for a while.”可判斷，此處表示“我真的很羨慕你”。A項(xiàng)表示“沒關(guān)系，不要緊”；B項(xiàng)表示“沒關(guān)系”；D項(xiàng)表示“我完全同意”。 (xx江西高考，27)—Have you paid？Whats my share of the bill? —______.It wasnt very much. A．Dont worry about it B．Its my share C．None of your business D．Its up to you 答案為A項(xiàng)。根據(jù)下文“It wasnt very much.”可判斷，回答者的意思是“(錢又不多)不必為此擔(dān)心”。C項(xiàng)表示“不管你的事”；D項(xiàng)表示“由你說了算，由你做決定”。 誤區(qū)警示 1．倒裝句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (xx江西高考，32)Never before ______ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. A．had she B．she had C．has she D．she has 【錯(cuò)混透析】C　表示否定意義的副詞(詞組)位于句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用部分倒裝，可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語和定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可判斷應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選C項(xiàng)。該題易誤選A項(xiàng)，主要是忽視了謂語發(fā)生的時(shí)間。 (xx天津高考，6)Only after Mary read her position the second time ______ the spelling mistake. A．did she notice B．she noticed C．does she notice D．she has noticed 【錯(cuò)混透析】A　句意：直到瑪麗第二遍讀完作文之后，她才注意到拼寫錯(cuò)誤。only及其所修飾的狀語(從句)位于句首時(shí)，主句采用部分倒裝句式。根據(jù)語境可知，此處描述的是過去的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)。如果不注意該題具備的倒裝條件，有可能誤選B項(xiàng)。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 當(dāng)看到四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是不同的語序時(shí)，往往即可判斷是考查語序的題目。這時(shí)要根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí)判斷是否應(yīng)用倒裝語序，然后根據(jù)位于句首的副詞、否定詞等信息判斷應(yīng)用全部倒裝還是部分倒裝，最后確定如何構(gòu)成倒裝語序。 2．省略句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (xx安徽高考，30)When ______for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A．a(chǎn)sking B．a(chǎn)sked C．having asked D．to be asked 【錯(cuò)混透析】B　句意：當(dāng)問到他對(duì)教學(xué)工作的看法時(shí)，菲利普說他覺得這項(xiàng)工作既有趣又值得。由于句子主語Philip和ask之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選用過去分詞作狀語。D項(xiàng)的不定式一般表示將來，時(shí)間上有誤。由于對(duì)邏輯關(guān)系判斷失誤，有可能造成誤選A項(xiàng)。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 遇到省略句的題目，應(yīng)從以下幾個(gè)方面考慮： (1)根據(jù)省略的條件判斷哪些成分可以省略。如不定式的to是否可以省略，to后的have/be是否可以省略。 (2)根據(jù)省略的條件判斷省略了哪些成分，可以試著補(bǔ)出省略的成分，以達(dá)到理解句意的目的。 (3)“連詞＋非謂語動(dòng)詞”是狀語從句的省略，非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語也就是全句的主語，要通過邏輯關(guān)系和時(shí)間關(guān)系判斷該用哪一種非謂語形式。 3．反意疑問句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (xx重慶高考，28)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did，______？ A．could he B．didnt I C．didnt you D．could they 【錯(cuò)混透析】 B　反意疑問句應(yīng)該根據(jù)主句進(jìn)行反問，且該題的主句為肯定式，所以選B項(xiàng)。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 有關(guān)反意疑問句的題目，首先明確需要根據(jù)哪一部分進(jìn)行反問，然后根據(jù)反意疑問句的構(gòu)成形式進(jìn)行選擇。同時(shí)應(yīng)注意一些特殊句式的反意疑問句。 4．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (xx上海高考，37)—Was it by cutting down staff ______ she saved the firm? —No，it was by improving work efficiency. A．when　　　 B．what C．how　　　 D．that 【錯(cuò)混透析】D　句意：——她是通過裁員這種方式才挽救了這家公司的嗎？——不是的，是通過提高工作效率。該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句式，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是方式狀語by cutting down staff。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 由于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是一個(gè)單一、固定的句式，所以考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)，往往通過復(fù)雜的題干來增加題目的難度。做題時(shí)應(yīng)注意： (1)區(qū)分強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語從句。試著把it is/was ...that...去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能組成一個(gè)完整的句子，這就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則就是定語從句。 (2)對(duì)話中常承接上文將強(qiáng)調(diào)句的部分內(nèi)容省略，從而給考生造成錯(cuò)覺，這時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文語境作出判斷，看是不是不合語境、不合句意或答非所問。 (3)遇到以特殊疑問句形式考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)，可以通過試著作出回答來判斷答案。 (4)還應(yīng)該注意強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞的句式，要根據(jù)句式和句意選擇do，does或did。 5．交際用語漢語思維易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (xx重慶高考，35)—Look，here es your dream girl.Invite her to dance. —______ What if she refuses me? A．I dont know. B．Why me? C．With pleasure. D．So what? 【錯(cuò)混透析】A　根據(jù)上句可知前者讓后者邀請(qǐng)一女孩跳舞，根據(jù)下句“What if she refuses me？”可知，后者有點(diǎn)茫然不知所措，所以選A項(xiàng)“我不知道”。B項(xiàng)意為“為什么我呢？干嘛是我？”，一般用于不情愿接受任務(wù)或感嘆命運(yùn)不公時(shí)；C項(xiàng)意為“很榮幸，非常樂意”，一般用于樂意提供幫助時(shí)；D項(xiàng)意為“那又怎么樣呢？”，一般表示語氣上對(duì)既成事實(shí)的一種讓步。句意：——瞧，你的夢(mèng)中女孩來了，邀請(qǐng)她跳支舞吧。——我不知道(該不該這么做)，如果她拒絕我，我該怎么辦呢？該題易受漢語思維的影響而誤選B項(xiàng)。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 平時(shí)的英語學(xué)習(xí)中，要多聽、多說、多看、多讀，培養(yǎng)良好的語感，熟悉中英文化差異。做題時(shí)要摒棄漢語的影響，真正從英語的角度去思維，既要遵循文明禮貌和委婉客氣的原則，又要考慮一些常見的句式和結(jié)構(gòu)。 6．情景判斷易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (xx安徽高考，32)—I love the Internet.Ive e to know many friends on the Net. —______.Few of them would bee your real friends. A．Thats for sure B．Its not the case C．I couldnt agree more D．Im pleased to know that 【錯(cuò)混透析】B　句意：——我喜歡互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。我已經(jīng)在網(wǎng)上認(rèn)識(shí)了許多朋友。——事實(shí)并非如此。他們當(dāng)中很少有人會(huì)成為你真正的朋友。Thats for sure意為“這是肯定的”；Its not the case意為“實(shí)際情況并非如此”；I couldnt agree more意為“我非常贊同”；Im pleased to know that意為“我很高興知道這一點(diǎn)”。由句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。如果忽視了后面的語境，很可能誤選D項(xiàng)。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 交際用語的考查是在真實(shí)的語境中，所以做題時(shí)要全面考慮，注意語境的和諧一致。特別要注意上下句之間的關(guān)系，不能只看到題目的一部分就得出結(jié)論。對(duì)話中要看答語與問句是否一致。 1．(xx濟(jì)南四模，17)Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted. A．did I realize　　　　　　 B．didnt I realize C．hadnt I realized D．had I realized 2．(xx山東臨清三中月考，23)—When can I use your puter? —Never！______ should you touch it. A．At no time B．In no time C．At any time D．At one time 3．(xx濟(jì)南五模，30)Only when______ the data again______ that there was a mistake. A．they had studied；did they realize B．they had studied；realized they C．had they studied；did they realize D．had they studied；realized they 4．(xx山東萊蕪期末，33)—Have you been to the Great Wall? —Perhaps not in my memory.______，it might have been during my early childhood. A．If any B．If ever C．If not D．If possible 5．(xx山東青島期末，35)Reading articles like that，if______，will do harm to you. A．continued B．continues C．continuing D．to continue 6．(xx濟(jì)南一模，22)Unfortunately，at least 20 miners were killed,22 ______ and 13 ______ in the coal mine gas explosion. A．injuring；trapping B．injured；trapped C．injured；trapping D．injuring；trapped 7．(xx濟(jì)南一模，26)It was on this vast grassland in Tibet______ we saw those beautiful and magic Tibetan antelopes in xx. A．when B．that C．where D．on which 8．(xx山東淄博六中五模，33)It was not until dark______ he found______ he thought was the way to solve the problem. A．that；what B．that；that C．when；what D．when；that 9．(xx山東淄博六中三模，33)Snowing hard outside，______？ A．doesnt it B．isnt it C．does it D．is it 10．(xx山東濱州鄒平一模，14)—Could I ask you some questions about your job? —Sure.______. A．Go ahead B．Youve got it C．Its your turn D．Good idea 11．(xx山東濰坊重點(diǎn)中學(xué)月考，29)—Do you think Lin Shuhao played very well in the last basketball match? —______.Its beyond everyones imagination. A．He was not nervous at all B．He couldnt have done better C．He played naturally D．He was still young 12．(xx山東德州期末，32)—Can you acpany my sister to the hospital? —______.But I must drop my daughter off at school first. A．By all means B．Why bother C．It makes no sense D．Take it easy 13．(xx濟(jì)南四模，1)—The terrible earthquake that happened in Wenchuan caused more than 60,000 deaths. —______. A．Quite OK B．Thats the case C．I agree D．Certainly 14．(xx濟(jì)南一中月考，28)—Hi Susan! Can you help me to decide what to buy for Peters birthday? —Sure.______ —Well，Peter loves music，so I thought I would give him a CD. A．Can I ask you for some advice? B．What do you have in mind? C．That is a great idea! D．How about a Rolling Stones CD? 15．—Its a sh