I摘 要載重汽車后橋（驅(qū)動橋）作為汽車四大總成之一，它承載著載重汽車的滿載荷負(fù)重及地面經(jīng)車輪、車架及承載式車身經(jīng)懸架給予的鉛垂力、縱向力、橫向力及其力矩，以及沖擊載荷；后橋（驅(qū)動橋）還傳遞著傳動系中的最大轉(zhuǎn)矩，橋殼還承受著反作用力矩。汽車驅(qū)動橋結(jié)構(gòu)型式和設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)除對汽車的可靠性與耐久性有重要影響外，也對汽車的行駛性能如動力性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、平順性、通過性、機(jī)動性和操動穩(wěn)定性等有直接影響。為滿足目前當(dāng)前載貨汽車的快速、高效率、高效益的需要時，必須要搭配一個高效、可靠的驅(qū)動橋。本文參照傳統(tǒng)驅(qū)動橋的設(shè)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行了載重汽車驅(qū)動橋的設(shè)計(jì)。希望做到結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、工作可靠、造價低廉的效果。本文首先通過設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)確定主要部件的結(jié)構(gòu)型式；然后參考類似驅(qū)動橋的結(jié)構(gòu)，確定出總體設(shè)計(jì)方案；如驅(qū)動橋的結(jié)構(gòu)型式按工作特性分為兩大類，最后選取非斷開式驅(qū)動橋。主減速器結(jié)構(gòu)形式選取機(jī)械傳動效率高，易損件減少，可靠性增加的單級主減速器。差速器結(jié)構(gòu)形式選擇廣泛應(yīng)用的對稱式圓錐行星齒輪差速器。最后對主、從動錐齒輪、半軸齒輪和全浮式半軸強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行校核以及對支承軸承進(jìn)行了壽命校核。關(guān)鍵詞：載重汽車；后橋；主減速器；差速器；半軸；齒輪IIABSTRACTLoad truck driving axle (driving axle) as one of the four big car assembly, it carries with heavy trucks full of load weight and ground the wheel, frame, and monocoque body the suspension of the lead to vertical force, longitudinal force, transverse force and torque, and impact load; Driving axle (driving axle) also passed the transmission of the maximum torque, bridge is under adverse effect moment shell. Car driving axle structure and design parameters in addition to the reliability of the automobile and durability has a significant effect on the outside, also for the automobile driving performance such as power, economy, smooth, through the sex, mobility and exercise has a direct impact on the dynamic stability, etc. At present the current commercial vehicles to meet the rapid, high efficiency, high benefit when need, must want to match a more efficient and reliable driving axle. In this paper the design method of the traditional reference to drive the car driving axle load of the design. Hope to do simple structure, reliable operation, low in cost effect. This paper first through the design parameter determination of the main parts of structural type; Then the structure of the reference similar thing, to determine the overall design project; Such as the structural type thing according to work characteristics into two categories, the last thing the broken off selection. The Lord reducer structure form selection machine of high transmission efficiency, reduce the increase reliability, vulnerable single stage Lord reducer. Differential structure choose widely used symmetric cone of planetary gear differential. Finally, driven to the bevel gear and half axle gear and all the serving the half shaft test of strength and the supporting bearing life respectively.Key words: Truck；Rear axle ；The Lord reducer ； Differential；Half shaft；gear 黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)1目 錄摘要 .IAbstractII第 1 章 緒論 11.1 課題研究的目的與意義 11.2 課題的國內(nèi)外驅(qū)動橋研究狀況和發(fā)展趨勢 21.3 設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容與技術(shù)路線 5第 2 章 驅(qū)動橋的總體方案確定 .72.1 非斷開式驅(qū)動橋 .72.2 斷開式驅(qū)動橋 .82.3 多橋驅(qū)動的布置 .82.4 本章小結(jié) 9第 3 章 主減速器設(shè)計(jì) 103.1 主減速器結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析 .103.1.1 主減速器的齒輪類型 103.1.2 結(jié)構(gòu)形式 .113.2 主減速器主從動錐齒輪的支承方案 123.2.1 主動錐齒輪的支承 .133.2.2 從動錐齒輪的支承 .133.3 主減速器的基本參數(shù)的選擇與設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .133.3.1 主減速器計(jì)算載荷的確定 .133.3.2 主減速器齒輪參數(shù)的選擇 .153.4 主減速器圓弧錐齒輪的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 193.4.1 損壞形式及壽命 .193.4.2 主減速器螺旋錐齒輪的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 .213.5 主減速器齒輪的材料及熱處理 .243.6 主減速器軸承計(jì)算 253.6.1 作用在主減速器主動齒輪上的力 253.6.2 主減速器軸承載荷的計(jì)算 283.7 主減速器的潤滑 31黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)23.8 本章小結(jié) 31第 4 章 差速器設(shè)計(jì) .324.1 差速器結(jié)構(gòu)形式選擇 324.2 對稱式圓錐行星齒輪差速器原理 .334.3 差速器齒輪的基本參數(shù)選擇 .344.3.1 差速器齒輪的基本參數(shù)選擇 .344.3.2 差速器齒輪的幾何尺寸計(jì)算 .364.4 差速器齒輪的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 .384.5 差速器齒輪材料 394.6 本章小結(jié) .39第 5 章 半軸 設(shè)計(jì) 405.1 半軸的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 .405.1.1 全浮式半軸的計(jì)算載荷的確定 405.1.2 全浮式半軸桿部直徑的初選 .425.1.3 全浮式半軸強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 425.1.4 全浮式半軸花鍵強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 .435.2 半軸材料與熱處理 .445.3 本章小結(jié) .44第 6 章 驅(qū)動橋橋殼設(shè)計(jì) 466.1 概述 466.2 橋殼的受力分析及強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 466.2.1 橋殼的靜彎曲應(yīng)力計(jì)算 .466.2.2 在不平路面沖擊載荷作用下橋殼的強(qiáng)度 .486.2.3 汽車 以最大牽引力行駛時的橋殼的 強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 .486.2.4 汽車緊急制動時的橋殼強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 .506.2.5 汽車受最大側(cè)向力時橋殼強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 .516.3 本章小結(jié) .54結(jié)論 55參考文獻(xiàn) .56致謝 57附錄 58黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)3附錄 A 外文文獻(xiàn)原文 .58附錄 B 外文文獻(xiàn)中文翻譯 63