自動爬樓搬運小車設計-爬樓梯機器人【含creo三維及6張CAD圖帶開題報告-獨家】.zip,含creo三維及6張CAD圖帶開題報告-獨家,自動,搬運,小車,設計,樓梯,機器人,creo,三維,CAD,開題,報告,獨家 目 錄 1 英文文獻翻譯 2 1.1 英文文獻原文題目 2 1.2中文翻譯 11 2 專業(yè)閱讀書目 16 2.1 機械設計手冊 16 2.2 機械設計 16 2.3 現(xiàn)代工程制圖 17 2.4 材料力學 17 2.5 互換性與測量技術(shù) 18 2.6 機械制造基礎 18 2.7 機械原理 19 2.8 機電傳動控制 19 2.9 機械制造技術(shù) 20 2.10 機械制造技術(shù) 20 1 1 英文文獻翻譯 1.1 英文文獻原文題目 Progress and Prospect of research on Mechanical Engineering in China In twenty-first Century, human society faced four major problems: climate warming, resource depletion, population growth and environmental degradation. As time goes on, these problems will become more and more serious and insurmountable. People will find that ecology (the protection of the earth and the environment of human existence) may be more important than the economy. China will be the largest energy consuming country in the world. 20 years later, due to the depletion of oil and coal, the proportion of nuclear energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy and hydraulic energy will increase significantly. Manufacturing in the future is still one of the main means to create wealth of human civilization and promote human progress. The manufacturing industry is a pillar industry of the national economy, and it supports the other industries to promote ecological construction and economic growth. Faced with the above major problems, the manufacturing industry and its science and technology are facing severe challenges. Because China will realize the strategic transformation from "manufacturing country" to "manufacturing power", to achieve this strategic transfer, the key lies in the innovation of manufacturing technology and its products. The competition between manufacturing industries is, in the final analysis, the competition of science and technology. Product innovation and independent brand building are important challenges for China's manufacturing industry. If we can correctly recognize, predict and face these challenges, take the strategy and strategy in time, and strengthen the original innovation and independent innovation of manufacturing technology and its products, China will become a powerful manufacturing country. China's high-end brand products will keep pace with the United States and Japan, and China's manufacturing industry will stand in the forest of the world. This article is the core of the comprehensive report of the "2008~2009 mechanical engineering discipline (mechanical manufacturing) development report" compiled by the China Association for science and technology. This paper tries to make a review of the main new views, new theories, new methods and new technologies and achievements in the field of mechanical engineering in recent years. By using Delphy investigation and research analysis, the future of the development of the subject was predicted scientifically, and the development trend of the mechanical engineering discipline in the next 5~10 years and even longer period was prospected, and the priority areas and important scientific and technological problems in the future development of the discipline of mechanical engineering in China were put forward. Due to the limitations of time, information and knowledge, the omission and errors in this article are welcome. The definition and scope of mechanical engineering discipline is the science of the theory, method and technology of the performance, design and manufacture of mechanical systems and products, including two fields of mechanics and manufacturing science. Mechanics is a science that studies the mechanical structure and system performance and its design theory and method, including the mechanism, transmission, dynamics, strength, tribology, design, bionics, micro mechanics and interface mechanics involved in the manufacturing process and the mechanical system. Manufacturing science is the science of manufacturing processes and systems. It covers product design, forming and manufacturing (casting, plastic forming, joint forming, mold manufacturing, surface engineering, etc.), processing and manufacturing (ultra-precision machining, efficient processing, non-traditional machining, complex surface processing,measurement and instrument, equipment design and manufacturing, surface functional structure manufacturing, micro nan manufacturing, biomimetic and raw material production). The science of the operation and management of the manufacturing system 2. Review of the progress of mechanical engineering research in China Mechanical engineering research is an inexhaustible source of advanced manufacturing technology. The main driving force for promoting the independent development of China's manufacturing industry is advanced manufacturing technology. Advanced equipment for aerospace and national defense is almost entirely based on independent innovation technology. In aviation, vehicles, home appliances, microelectronics, light industry, petrochemical, construction machinery and other manufacturing industries, independent innovation technology and independent brands are also increasing. Under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation, mechanical engineering research has made a series of outstanding progress and original achievements in recent years. It provides a large number of new theories, new techniques and new methods for China's mechanical engineering and economic construction, which has produced important effects at home and abroad, and some areas have occupied a place in the international academic circles. 2.1 field of Tribology Nanotribology, biotribology, tribology and interface Tribology in extreme environments are the main trends and frontiers of Tribology in recent years. Wen Shizhu and Luo Jianbin found a transition zone between dynamic lubrication and boundary lubrication, and proposed the concept of film lubrication, the invention of nano film measurement technology, and the establishment of the physical and theoretical model of film lubrication. The study of film lubrication has built a bridge between dynamic lubrication and boundary lubrication, which is considered as "an important contribution to the research of lubrication" by the famous expert GRANICK in the world. The National Key Laboratory of tribology has recently established the theoretical model of fast adhesion and desorption in house lizard crawling, and coupled the theory of molecular membrane gas lubrication with the effect of surface force in the relationship between the micro adhesion and the biological movement of the nano scale interface. The effect of van Edward force on the flight characteristics of the magnetic head in the motion equation of the magnetic head was found. In the study of interface drag reduction, the new theory and new technology of micro vortex, micro convex body and micro cavitation drag reduction are put forward in the study of interfacial drag reduction, which has greatly reduced the friction resistance of the surface. This technology has been successfully applied to important national projects. In view of the large number of fretting failure problems occurring in the project, Zhou Zhongrong research group discovered the theory of tangential micro mixing area, the establishment of operating conditions and the micrograph theory of materials, proposed the mechanism of composite microdynamic damage, developed and perfected the theory of microdynamic tribology, and in biological tribology, especially in the Tribological Study of natural teeth. The micro texture and the mechanism of friction and wear of the natural teeth were revealed, and the wheel rail friction study was carried out in the system. The wheel rail corrugation was found in the experiment for the first time. The formation mechanism of wheel rail corrugation was analyzed in theory and test, and an important breakthrough was made in [5]. Liu Weimin and other nano solid lubrication technologies developed successfully play an important role in China's aerospace engineering. Due to a series of outstanding academic achievements and achievements, tribology has become one of the most influential subjects in the international academic circles. Robotics field The mechanism of parallel robot is one of the hot topics and frontiers of international institutions in the past 20 years. It is also one of the most important research fields of academic influence in our country. Huang Zhen, peak and so on [6] take the helix theory, Li Qun and the set theory as mathematical tools, and put forward the general month of May 2009 ray Geni of the combination of less freedom and combined structure: the 3 nature method and the general freedom calculation formula, the main helix analytic recognition model, the first and two order motion shadows in China's mechanical engineering research. The coefficient of response model, as well as the performance and component scale space model. Using the above theory to synthesize dozens of new institutions, develop multidimensional force sensors, micro operation robots, and earthquake simulators, and provide important theoretical basis for the independent design of forging manipulator, servo press, electric shovel and so on. such as Huang Tian and Wang Jinsong, put forward the method of modeling less freedom and universal Jacobi matrix based on linear space theory, and a variety of performance evaluation and parameter optimization design including motion / force transmission characteristics and high quality scale domain. The kinematic calibration, trajectory planning, motion / force control and dynamic performance are conquered. Detection and other key technologies. With the above theory and key technology, a large number of engineering equipment, such as 5 axis linkage machine tool, flight simulator, flexible support equipment, high-speed packaging robot, 5 degree of freedom joint robot operation unit, are developed for 5 axis linkage, and the large hydropower impeller processing, radio telescope major scientific engineering and lithium ion battery life are developed. The production line has been successfully applied. Zong Guanghua and so on, set up a design theory of flexible parallel micro mechanism with flexibility matrix as the core, and developed a number of micro nano operation / assembly parallel flexible platform, such as Dai Jiansheng and Ding Lun Lun, revealed the topological evolution of the spatial metamorphic mechanism, and promoted the development of spatial structure. Sun Lining and other macro micro integrated flexible parallel micro motion platform based on large stroke flexure hinges are proposed. On the platform of planar 3 degree of freedom parallel compliant mechanism, Zhang Xianmin and other low coupling precision positioning mechanisms, which consider the natural frequency, maximum stress and maximum driving force, have been applied in the electronic manufacturing equipment. 2.3 field of mechanical dynamics Nonlinear dynamics, fault prediction and intelligent maintenance of complex electromechanical systems are frontier research fields of mechanical dynamics. In the bifurcation study of high dimensional nonlinear systems, Chen Yushu has proposed the constraint bifurcation theory, the time variant generation system's security domain erosion theory and the nonlinear rotor system stability quantitative analysis method. The series methods and techniques of the nonlinear fault diagnosis of the rotor system are put forward to solve the vibration of more than ten generating units in China. It's a difficult problem. Wen Bangchun and so on first put forward the concept of vibration and utilization engineering in the world, and put forward the theory of probability and equal thickness sieving, vibration synchronization and control synchronization. By using the dynamic design method, dozens of engineering vibration machines have been designed and developed, and the engineering subject of vibration utilization is created. In view of the problem of rotor vibration of large unit, Qu Liangsheng and so on, put forward the concept of hologram spectrum, found the performance of the rotor balance process on the hologram spectrum, and put forward the method and technology to identify and diagnose the fault of the unit and realize the dynamic balance of the rotor holography by the hologram spectrum technology, and play an important role in the fault analysis and diagnosis of the unit. Hu Haiyan studied three kinds of typical nonlinear vibration control systems. The bifurcation mechanism and control method of the vibration control system with time delay control system dynamics and elastic constraints, the modeling and control method of the hysteretic damping vibration control system were proposed. It was evaluated and quoted by the domestic and foreign academics. The American control expert SCHA ECHTER is rated as a "refreshing system approach". Zhai Wanming proposed and perfected the "locomotive vehicle track system coupling dynamic model" called Zhai. Sun model in the international academic circle, developed the locomotive vehicle track coupling dynamic simulation system and the safety field test evaluation system of independent intellectual property rights, and applied it to the development and design of railway locomotives in China and railway lift. In the rapid reconstruction project, great economic and social benefits have been achieved. 2.4 field of mechanical transmission High speed, high efficiency, low energy consumption, low pollution, high intelligence and miniaturization are the frontiers of mechanical transmission and control research in recent years. Ultrasonic motor is a new type of micro motor based on the piezoelectric effect and ultrasonic vibration. It breaks through the principle of the traditional electromagnetic effect motor. It has the advantages of large torque weight ratio, simple structure, fast response and low noise. Its research involves vibration, tribology, materials science, electronics, control and ultra precision machining. The Zhao Chunsheng research center puts forward the system theory and design method in the motion mechanism of ultrasonic motor, electromechanical coupling model, structural parameter optimization, drive and control technology, etc. More than 30 kinds of new traveling wave, standing wave ultrasonic motors and drivers have been invented and developed. Many products have been used in important projects. Professor WALLASCHEK, a famous German expert, commented that "[4] is one of the most powerful research institutions in China and even the world". In the study of high speed and ultra precision motion control, Chen Xuedong first discovered and clarified the mechanism of air bearing cyclone phenomenon, proposed the calculation and control method of the support stiffness and damping of air floating gas film, and the driving system analysis and control software has been used in the development of the drive system of large-scale integrated circuit lithography machine in our country. In the middle. Aiming at the pollution problem of river and sea caused by bearing precious metal and oil as lubricant in the propulsion system of ship, a new type of composite material water lubricated seal bearing is put forward in Wang's order. The influence of load, speed, time, clearance and temperature on the friction and wear properties of water lubricated rubber bearing is revealed. A water lubricated rubber alloy bearing with multiple curved surfaces and circular arc grooves is invented. Because this kind of bearing saves a lot of precious metals and uses natural water to make oil as lubricant, it greatly reduces the pollution of river water, and has been widely used in the transmission system of ships at home and abroad. 21 1.2中文翻譯 中國機械工程研究的進展與展望 21 世紀人類社會主要面臨四大問題：氣候變暖、資源枯竭、人口增加、環(huán)境惡化。隨著時間的推移，這些問題將變得越來越嚴峻而不可逾越。人們將會發(fā)現(xiàn)：生態(tài)(地球的保護和人類生存環(huán)境)可能比經(jīng)濟更為重要。中國將成為世界最大能源消耗國。20 年后，由于石油、煤的枯竭，核能、太陽能、地熱能、風力能、水力能的利用占整體能源的比重將會大增。未來制造仍然是創(chuàng)造人類文明財富、促進人類進步的主要手段之一。制造業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，它與其他產(chǎn)業(yè)相互支撐而推動生態(tài)建設和經(jīng)濟增長。面對上述重大問題，制造業(yè)及其科學技術(shù)面臨著嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)。 由于中國將實現(xiàn)從“制造大國”向“制造強國”的戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)變，要實現(xiàn)此戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)移，關(guān)鍵在于制造技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)新。制造業(yè)之間的競爭，說到底是科技的競爭。產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)新和自主品牌的打造是中國制造業(yè)面臨的重要挑戰(zhàn)。 如果我們能正確認識、預測和面臨這些挑戰(zhàn)，及時采取應對戰(zhàn)略和策略，大力加強制造科技及其產(chǎn)品的原始創(chuàng)新和自主創(chuàng)新，中國就可成為制造強國，中國高端品牌產(chǎn)品將可與美日歐并駕齊驅(qū)，中國制造業(yè)將立于世界之林。 本文是中國科協(xié)組織編著的“2008～2009 機械工程學科(機械制造)發(fā)展報告”中綜合報告的核心內(nèi)容。本文力圖站在學科前沿和國家戰(zhàn)略需求的高度，對機械工程學科近年來產(chǎn)生的主要新觀點、新理論、新方法和新技術(shù)進展及成果進行評述。采用德爾菲調(diào)查和研究分析，對學科發(fā)展未來進行了科學預測，展望了今后 5～10 年，甚至更長時期機械工程學科的發(fā)展趨勢，提出我國機械工程學科未來發(fā)展的優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域、重要科技問題。由于時間、信息和知識的局限，文中存在的遺漏和錯誤之處，歡迎指正。 1 機械工程學科的定義和范圍 機械工程學科是研究機械系統(tǒng)和產(chǎn)品的性能、設計及制造的理論、方法和技術(shù)的科學，包括機械學和制造科學兩大領(lǐng)域。 機械學是研究機械結(jié)構(gòu)和系統(tǒng)性能及其設計理論與方法的科學，包括制造過程及機械系統(tǒng)所涉及的機構(gòu)學、傳動學、動力學、強度學、摩擦學、設計學、仿生機械學、微納機械學及界面機械學等。 制造科學是研究制造過程及其系統(tǒng)的科學。它涵蓋產(chǎn)品設計、成形制造(鑄造成形、塑性成形、連接成形、模具制造、表面工程等)、加工制造(超精密加工、高效加工、非傳統(tǒng)加工、復雜曲面加工、測量及儀器、裝備設計及制造、表面功能結(jié)構(gòu)制造、微納制造、仿生和生物制造)和制造系統(tǒng)運作管理等科學[3]。 2 我國機械工程研究進展綜述 機械工程研究是先進制造技術(shù)的不竭源泉。推動我國制造業(yè)自主發(fā)展的主要驅(qū)動力是先進制造技術(shù)，航天和國防先進裝備幾乎完全立足于自主創(chuàng)新技術(shù)。在航空、車輛、家電、微電子、輕工業(yè)、石化、工程機械等制造業(yè)，自主創(chuàng)新的技術(shù)和自主品牌也越來越多。 在國家自然科學基金等的資助下，機械工程研究近年來取得了一系列突出進展和原創(chuàng)性成果，為我國機械工程和經(jīng)濟建設提供了大批新理論、新技術(shù)和新方法，在國內(nèi)外產(chǎn)生了重要影響，有的領(lǐng)域已在國際學術(shù)界占有一席之地。 2.1 摩擦學領(lǐng)域 納米摩擦學、生物摩擦學、極端環(huán)境下的摩擦學和界面摩擦學是近年來摩擦學的主要發(fā)展趨勢和前沿。 溫詩鑄、雒建斌等發(fā)現(xiàn)在動力潤滑和邊界潤滑之間存在一個過渡區(qū)，提出了薄膜潤滑的概念、發(fā)明了納米薄膜測量技術(shù)、建立了薄膜潤滑的物理和理論模型。薄膜潤滑研究架起了動力潤滑和邊界潤滑之間的橋梁，被國際上著名專家 GRANICK 等評價為“是對潤滑研究的一個重要貢獻”。摩擦學國家重點實驗室近來又在納米尺度界面微觀粘著摩擦與生物運動的關(guān)系中，建立了壁虎爬行中快速粘附和脫附理論模型；將分子膜氣體潤滑理論與表面力作用相耦合，發(fā)現(xiàn)了磁頭運動方程中范德華力對磁頭飛行特性的影響規(guī)律，使磁頭滑塊的承載能力和俯仰轉(zhuǎn)矩明顯減小，改善了磁頭飛行運動的穩(wěn)定性；在界面減阻研究中，提出了微旋渦、微凸體、微空泡減阻新理論及新技術(shù)，大幅度降低了表面摩擦阻力，該技術(shù)已經(jīng)成功用于國家重要工程中[4]。 周仲榮研究群體針對工程中出現(xiàn)的大量微動失效問題，發(fā)現(xiàn)了切向微動混合區(qū)域、建立了運行工況和材料的微動圖理論，提出了復合微動損傷機制，發(fā)展和完善了微動摩擦學理論；在生物摩擦學，特別在自然牙的摩擦學研究中，揭示了自然牙的微觀織構(gòu)及其摩擦磨損機制；結(jié)合高速鐵路中的輪軌關(guān)系問題，系統(tǒng)開展了輪軌摩擦學研究，首次在試驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)了輪軌波磨現(xiàn)象，從理論和試驗上深入分析了輪軌波磨的形成機制，取得了重要突破[5]。 劉維民等將研制成功的納米固體潤滑技術(shù)用于我國航空航天工程，發(fā)揮了重要作用。由于上述一系列突出的學術(shù)進展和成就，摩擦學成為我國機械工程學科在國際學術(shù)界最具影響的學科之一。 2.2 機器人機構(gòu)學領(lǐng)域 并聯(lián)機器人機構(gòu)學是近 20 年來國際機構(gòu)學的研究熱點和學科前沿，也是我國學者在國際上具有重要學術(shù)影響的研究領(lǐng)域之一。 黃真、高峰等[6]以螺旋理論、李群、集合論等為數(shù)學工具，提出少自由度并聯(lián)機結(jié)構(gòu)綜合的普適月 2009 年 5月雷源忠：我國機械工程研究進展與展望 3 性方法和通用自由度計算公式，主螺旋解析識別模型，一階和二階運動影響系數(shù)模型，以及性能與構(gòu)件尺度空間模型。利用上述理論綜合出數(shù)十種新機構(gòu)，開發(fā)出多維力傳感器、微操作機器人、地震模擬器，并為鍛造操作機、伺服壓機、電鏟等裝備的自主設計提供了重要的理論依據(jù)。 黃田、汪勁松等[7]提出基于線性空間理論的少自由度并聯(lián)機構(gòu)雅可比矩陣普適性建模方法，及包括運動/力傳遞特性和優(yōu)質(zhì)尺度域在內(nèi)的多種性能評價與參數(shù)優(yōu)化設計方法，攻克了運動學標定，軌跡規(guī)劃、運動/力控制，動態(tài)性能檢測等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。利用上述理論和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，開發(fā)出 5 軸聯(lián)動大型龍門混聯(lián)機床、飛行模擬器、柔性支撐裝備、高速包裝機器人、5 自由度混聯(lián)機器人作業(yè)單元等多種工程化裝備，并在大型水電葉輪加工、射電望遠鏡重大科學工程、鋰離子電池生產(chǎn)線中得到成功應用。 宗光華等建立了一套以柔度矩陣為核心的全柔性并聯(lián)精微機構(gòu)設計理論，開發(fā)出若干微納操作/裝配并聯(lián)柔性微動平臺。戴建生、丁希侖等[8]揭示了空間變胞機構(gòu)中拓撲演變規(guī)律，推動了空間結(jié)構(gòu)學的發(fā)展。孫立寧等提出基于大行程柔性鉸鏈的宏微一體化柔性并聯(lián)微動平臺。張憲民等以平面 3 自由度并聯(lián)柔順機構(gòu)為平臺，提出了綜合考慮固有頻率、最大應力、最大驅(qū)動力等在內(nèi)的低耦合精密定位機構(gòu)，并在電子制造裝備中得到應用。 2.3 機械動力學領(lǐng)域 非線性動力學、復雜機電系統(tǒng)的故障預示和智能維護是機械動力學的前沿研究領(lǐng)域。 陳予恕等在高維非線性系統(tǒng)的分叉研究中，提出了約束分叉理論、時變產(chǎn)生系統(tǒng)的安全域侵蝕理論、非線性轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性量化分析方法，提出了轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)非線性故障診斷的系列方法和技術(shù)，解決了國內(nèi)十幾個發(fā)電機組的振動疑難問題。 聞邦椿等在國際上率先提出振動利用工程的概念，提出了概率－等厚篩分理論、振動同步和控制同步理論，采用動態(tài)設計方法，設計研制了數(shù)十種工程振動機械，創(chuàng)建了振動利用工程學科。 屈梁生等針對大型機組轉(zhuǎn)子振動難題，提出了全息譜的概念、發(fā)現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)子平衡過程在全息譜上的表現(xiàn)，提出了用全息譜技術(shù)識別和診斷機組故障、實現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)子全息動平衡的方法和技術(shù)，在機組故障分析診斷中發(fā)揮了重要作用。 胡海巖研究了三類典型的非線性振動控制系統(tǒng)，提出了含時滯控制系統(tǒng)動力學、含彈性約束的振動控制系統(tǒng)分叉機理和控制方法、含遲滯阻尼振動控制系統(tǒng)的建模和控制方法，被國內(nèi)外學術(shù)界多次評價和引用，美國控制專家 SCHAECHTER 評價為“耳目一新的系統(tǒng)方法”。 翟婉明提出并完善了被國際學術(shù)界稱為翟.孫模型的“機車車輛－軌道系統(tǒng)耦合動力學模型”，研制了自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的機車車輛－軌道耦合動力學仿真系統(tǒng)和安全性現(xiàn)場測試評估體系，并應用于我國鐵路機車的開發(fā)設計和鐵路提速改造工程中，取得了重大的經(jīng)濟和社會效益[3]。 2.4 機械傳動學科領(lǐng)域 高速、高效、低能耗、低污染、高智能、微型化是近年來機械傳動和控制研究的前沿。 超聲電機是基于壓電效應和超聲振動的一種新型微電機，它突破了傳統(tǒng)電磁效應電機原理，具有力矩重量比大、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、響應快、噪聲低等優(yōu)點。其研究涉及振動學、摩擦學、材料學、電子學、控制和超精密加工多個學科領(lǐng)域。趙淳生研究中心在超聲電機運動機理、機電耦合模型、結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)優(yōu)化、驅(qū)動與控制技術(shù)等方面提出了系統(tǒng)的理論和設計方法。發(fā)明和研制了 30 多種獨具特色的新型行波、駐波超聲電機以及驅(qū)動器，不少產(chǎn)品已用于重要工程中。德國著名專家 WALLASCHEK 教授評價：“是中國乃至世界最具實力的研究機構(gòu)之 一”。 陳學東在高速超精密運動控制研究中，率先發(fā)現(xiàn)并闡明了氣浮軸承氣旋現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的機理，提出了氣浮氣膜的支撐剛度和阻尼的計算和控制方法，提出的驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)分析控制軟件已經(jīng)用于我國大規(guī)模集成電路光刻機驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的研制中。 針對船舶推進系統(tǒng)中軸承使用貴重金屬、以及用油做潤滑劑造成河海污染問題，王家序等提出了一種新型復合材料水潤滑動密封軸承，揭示了載荷、速度、時間、間隙、溫度等因素對水潤滑橡膠合金軸承摩擦磨損性能的影響規(guī)律，發(fā)明了具有多曲面與直線圓弧凹槽有機組合的水潤滑橡膠合金軸承。由于這種軸承節(jié)省了大量貴金屬、以自然水代油做潤滑劑大大減少了對河海水的污染，在國內(nèi)外船舶等傳動系統(tǒng)中得到廣泛應用。 2 專業(yè)閱讀書目 2.1 機械設計手冊 內(nèi)容摘要： 本書全面系統(tǒng)地介紹了常規(guī)設計、機電一體化與控制技術(shù)和現(xiàn)代設計方法及其應用等內(nèi)容。具有內(nèi)容先進、信息量大、取材廣、規(guī)格全，實用性強，數(shù)據(jù)可靠，使用方便等特點。 全書分6卷52篇，內(nèi)容有：常用設計資料、機械零部件設計（連接、緊固與傳動）、機械零部件設計（軸系、支承與其他）、流體傳動與控制、機電一體化及控制技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代設計理論與方法等。 本卷為第1卷，主要內(nèi)容有：常用資料、常用數(shù)學公式和常用力學公式、機械工程材料、零部件設計常用基礎標準、零件結(jié)構(gòu)設計工藝性等。本書供從事機械設計、制造、維修及有關(guān)工程技術(shù)人員作為工具書使用，也可供大專院校的有關(guān)專業(yè)師生使用和參考。（徐灝等.機械設計手冊[M]. 北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2013） 2.2 機械設計 內(nèi)容摘要： 機械設計（machine design），根據(jù)用戶的使用要求對專用機械的工作原理、結(jié)構(gòu)、運動方式、力和能量的傳遞方式、各個零件的材料和形狀尺寸、潤滑方法等進行構(gòu)思、分析和計算并。機械設計，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為具體的描述以作為制造依據(jù)的工作過