機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)劃實(shí)施綠色制造技術(shù)The machining process planning and implementation of green manufacturing technology一：綠色加工技術(shù)Fist: green processing technology機(jī)械制造中的綠色加工技術(shù)包含以下若干方面。一，是減少物料資源(如實(shí)體；原材料、輔助原材料)消耗的技術(shù)；二，是如何使用清潔或可再生能源的技術(shù);三，是如何降低能耗的技術(shù)；四，是廢棄物的再生與利用技術(shù)；五，是減少有害廢棄物和排放物的技術(shù)?！皩⑸鲜鼍G色技術(shù)具體運(yùn)用于零件制造工藝技術(shù)中，就形成零件的綠色加工技術(shù)體系“。Green machining technology of the machinery includes the following several aspects. fist, it is to reduce the material resource consumption of the auxiliary raw materials in (such as entity; raw materials)Technology; Second, how the use of clean and renewable energy technologies; Three, it is how to reduce the energy consumption of technology; Four, it is a waste of regeneration and utilization of technology; five, it is to reduce the harmful waste and emissions technology. “There will be the green technology concrete application in parts manufacturing process technology, forming part of“ green processing technology system.二：綠色制造工藝規(guī)劃技術(shù)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀Second: green manufacturing process planning technology research status at home and abroad綠色工藝規(guī)劃問題從本質(zhì)上說(shuō)就是一種關(guān)于決策的問題，“它是綠色制造的重要組成部分“ ，綠色工藝規(guī)劃雖然是以傳統(tǒng)的工藝技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)，但是它結(jié)合了材料科學(xué)、控制技術(shù)、表面技術(shù)等新技術(shù)，是一種現(xiàn)代工藝規(guī)劃方法，它重點(diǎn)在于考慮制造加工過程的環(huán)境影響和資源消耗問題，其目的是通過對(duì)制造加工工藝方法，規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)和過程的優(yōu)化選擇，制定出綠色工藝實(shí)施方案，從而提高原材料的利用率，減少能源的消耗。降低零件制造成本，減少?gòu)U棄物的產(chǎn)生，“因此，綠色工藝規(guī)劃技術(shù)是一種專門用于解決產(chǎn)品制造加工過程中資源消耗和環(huán)境問題的方法“。綠色制造中急需解決的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一就是基于綠色制造的機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)劃問題，即產(chǎn)品加工過程中的廢物流及其影響問題。它在國(guó)際上受到了各方面的高度重視“ 。Green process planning problem in essence is a kind of questions about the decision, “it is an important part of the green manufacturing“, while green process planning is based on the traditional technology, but it is a combination of materials science, control technology and surface technology, new technology,which is a modern process planning method, it is focused on considering environmental impact and resource consumption problem in the process of manufacturing processes, the purpose is to through to the manufacturing process method, planning and design and optimal selection of the process, developing green technology implementation, so as to improve the utilization rate of raw materials, reducing energy consumption. Parts manufacturing to reduce costs, reducing the production of waste, “as a result, the green process planning technology is a dedicated to solve product manufacturing resource consumption and environmental problems in the process of machining method“. Urgently needed to be solved during green manufacturing is one of the key technology of machining process planning based on green manufacturing problems, namely the waste streams and effect problem in the process of product processing. It attaches great importance to by all aspects in the world.“在國(guó)外，如美國(guó)的 NSF/ARPA 機(jī)床敏捷制造研究所(MTAMR 工)曾聯(lián)合其他 4 所。著名高校：加利福尼亞大學(xué) Berkeley 分校 (UCB)，伊利諾斯州立大學(xué)(UIUC)!密執(zhí)根技術(shù)大學(xué)(MTU)，內(nèi)布拉斯加州立大學(xué)(UN)于 1995 年設(shè)立了“環(huán)境意識(shí)機(jī)床系統(tǒng)”的重大研究課題，制定了各階段的短期目標(biāo)和長(zhǎng)期的目標(biāo)，開展工藝規(guī)劃方面的研究，“此項(xiàng)課題將機(jī)床系統(tǒng)看成一個(gè) I/0 系統(tǒng)，系統(tǒng)的輸入(I)為切削速度，切削深度，進(jìn)給速度等可控參數(shù)；輸出(0)為切削廢液、切削熱、磨損刀具和報(bào)廢的機(jī)床等，系統(tǒng)目標(biāo)為利潤(rùn)、成本、時(shí)間和工件精度等，“該課題還對(duì)與環(huán)境意識(shí)機(jī)床加工系統(tǒng)有關(guān)的切屑的形態(tài)學(xué)、切削液系統(tǒng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)及動(dòng)力學(xué)機(jī)理、機(jī)床壽命性能、刀具磨損、切削熱的生成和傳遞機(jī)理、健康毒性評(píng)價(jià)以及非傳統(tǒng)加工系統(tǒng)的廢物流特性等進(jìn)行了研究“，用戶通過國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)登陸(Login)本軟件接口界面(Interface)，在其中輸入加工參數(shù)、應(yīng)用方法、切削液的類型，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)因素等參數(shù)，并向 CFEST 確認(rèn)提交“CFEST 系統(tǒng)將處理結(jié)果以圖形或超文本的方式反饋給用戶，“其輸出結(jié)果主要是一些量化數(shù)據(jù),其中包括切削液的環(huán)境影響、工藝性能、健康與安全毒性打分、采購(gòu)和使用成本等的量化數(shù)據(jù)“ ，CFEST 是一個(gè)包括 UCB 的健康與安全毒性評(píng)價(jià)模塊 !MTU 開發(fā)的工藝性能模塊和 U 工 UC 開發(fā)的切削液處理影響模塊的分布而又集成的軟件原型，“該軟件目前只對(duì)鍵削浸泡式、車削浸泡式、噴射式和攻絲等四種加工方式的切削液進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，“對(duì)于處于不同地理位置的軟件模塊，可由 UIUC 開發(fā)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸機(jī)制通過工 nternet 向其傳輸數(shù)據(jù) “。In foreign countries, such as the United States NSF/ARPA agile manufacturing machine tool research institute (MTAMR workers) have joined other 4. Famous university: university of California at Berkeley (UCB), the university of Illinois (UIUC)! Technology university of Michigan (MTU), university of Nebraska (UN) in 1995 set up a major research topic in the “environmental consciousness of machine tool system“, set in different stages of the short-term goals and long-term goals and process planning aspects of the study, “the subject machine system as an I / 0, the system input (I) as the cutting speed, cutting depth, feed speed; controllable parameters, such as the output (0) for cutting waste, cutting heat, wear and tear And scrap machine tools, the system target for profit, cost, time and precision of workpiece, “the subject is related to environmental awareness machine tool machining system chip morphology, cutting fluid system, kinematics and dynamics of mechanism, machine tool's performance, tool wear, cutting heat generation and transfer mechanism, toxicity of health evaluation and the characteristics of waste streams of non-traditional machining system is studied, such as“, the user Login (Login) this software through the Internet interfaces (Interface), in which the input processing parameters, application method, the type of cutting fluid, the factors such as parameters, and shall submit to CFEST confirm “CFEST system will process the results feedback to the user, in the form of graphics or hypertext“ its output is mainly some quantitative data, including the environmental impact of cutting fluid, process performance, health and safety, toxicity grade, procurement and use of quantitative data, such as the cost “, CFEST is a health and safety including UCB toxicity evaluation module! MTU development process performance of the module and U work UC cutting fluid processing affect the distribution of the module and integrated software prototype, “the software is only for key cut immersion, turning immersion, jet and tapping and other four kinds of processing way to evaluate cutting fluid,“ for software modules in the different geographical position, can be developed by UIUC data transmission mechanism through work nternet to transmit data “.與此同時(shí)，美國(guó)國(guó)家清潔工業(yè)和處理技術(shù)中心(CenCITT)為了便于長(zhǎng)期支持環(huán)境意識(shí)制造方面課題的研究。專門設(shè)立了環(huán)境意識(shí)制造的技術(shù)專題：如J.W.Sutherland 承擔(dān)的環(huán)境意識(shí)制造，離散產(chǎn)品加工過程中的廢物流分析課題，該項(xiàng)目利用決策工具對(duì)工藝的廢物流進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，其目標(biāo)是通過研究產(chǎn)品制造過程中的廢物流特性。提出廢物流更小的工藝方法。At the same time, the national clean industrial and processing center (CenCITT) to facilitate the long-term support environmental consciousness manufacturing research. set up special environmental consciousness of manufacturing technology projects: such as J.W.S utherland assume the environmental consciousness of manufacturing, waste flow analysis in the process of discrete product processing. subject, the program using decision making tools to process waste streams to forecast, the goal is through studying the characteristics of the waste stream in the process of product manufacturing. Less waste streams process method is put forward.隸屬于 Berkeley 加州大學(xué)的綠色設(shè)計(jì)與制造聯(lián)盟從事綠色制造方面的研究工作積累了長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在綠色工藝方面做了次量的研究。他們提出了一種-基于特征的綠色工藝規(guī)劃方法，建立了一種面向綠色制造的切削加工分析模型、并對(duì)切削液的健康毒性評(píng)價(jià)等進(jìn)行了較為深入的研究。Affiliated with the university of California, Berkeley alliance for a green design and manufacturing in the fields of green manufacturing research work has accumulated experience for a long time, do the research of the amount of the time in green technology. They proposed a - green process planning method based on feature, for green manufacturing were also built a analysis model of machining process, and to the health of cutting fluid toxicity evaluation and so on has carried on the thorough research.國(guó)內(nèi)的一些高校和科研院所也對(duì)面向綠色制造的工藝規(guī)劃問題進(jìn)行了初探，并緊密跟蹤國(guó)外的研究進(jìn)展,取得了較好的成果“。Some domestic universities and research institutes also to the problem of process planning for green manufacturing has carried on the preliminary study, and closely track the foreign research progress, good results have been achieved.“重慶大學(xué)劉飛教授及其研究團(tuán)隊(duì)于 1999 一 2000 年期間在國(guó)家 863/cIMs的資助下。一直從事與基于綠色制造工藝規(guī)劃方面直接相關(guān)的制造系統(tǒng)物能資源節(jié)約、機(jī)械加工能量特性等方面的探索。尤其在綠色制造工藝規(guī)劃方法及實(shí)用技術(shù)研究課題中，該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)壓力加工、切削加工、鑄造、焊接、特種加工、熱處理、覆蓋層、裝配與包裝等 9 個(gè)工藝大類中的一些典型工藝的資源屬性和環(huán)境特性做了大量深入而細(xì)致的工作，對(duì)面向綠色制造的工藝規(guī)劃中的工藝參數(shù)優(yōu)化、工藝種類選擇、單工件多機(jī)床的節(jié)能調(diào)度等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了初步的研究和探索，并初步建立了一個(gè)關(guān)于綠色制造工藝數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和知識(shí)庫(kù)的原型系統(tǒng)“。chongqing university professor’s Liufei and his research team in 1999 during a 2000 in the national 863 / cIMs.Funding. Have been engaged in and based on green manufacturing process planning is directly related to the content of manufacturing system resources To save energy, mechanical processing characteristics of exploration. Especially in the green manufacturing process planning method and practical Technology research topic, the research team of pressure processing, machining, casting, welding, special processing,Heat treatment, coating, assembly and packing and so on nine categories of some typical processes of the resource properties and ring Habitat characteristics done a lot of in-depth and meticulous work, the process planning for green manufacturing process parameters optimizationType selection, process, key technology such as simplex a machine more energy-efficient scheduling has carried on the preliminary research and exploration Preliminary established, and a prototype system about green manufacturing process database and knowledge base “.除了重慶大學(xué)外，國(guó)內(nèi)的清華大學(xué)、上海交通大學(xué)、華中科技大學(xué)，同濟(jì)大學(xué)、合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)、機(jī)械科學(xué)研究院等在內(nèi)的國(guó)內(nèi)其他單位也開展了一些與面向綠色制造工藝相關(guān)的研究工作“。近年來(lái)，一批專門從事綠色制造研究的科研團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)形成，隨之大量的研究性學(xué)術(shù)論文和學(xué)術(shù)專著得到發(fā)表或出版，有關(guān)技術(shù)手冊(cè)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也收錄了綠色設(shè)計(jì)與制造方面的技術(shù)“。2000 年第 9 期 5 中國(guó)機(jī)械工程 6 雜志曾出版了綠色制造專輯論文“。In addition to the chongqing university, tsinghua university, Shanghai jiao tong university, huazhong university of science and technology, tongji universityScience, hefei university of technology, mechanical science research institute, the domestic other units also carried out some and oriented Green manufacturing process related research work. “in recent years, a number of specialized in green manufacturing research team has been formed, with a large number of research papers and monographs published or print, the related technical manual and the standard also includes green design and manufacturing technology“. 5. 9th 2000 Chinese journal of mechanical engineering 6 had published a green manufacturing “album paper.三：綠色制造及其相關(guān)技術(shù)的研究具有的意義:Three: the meaning of green manufacturing and its related technology research 1；綠色制造是人類社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然需求,具有重大社會(huì)效益.2；綠色制造也將是 21 世紀(jì)企業(yè)取得顯著經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的機(jī)遇.3；國(guó)際環(huán)境管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的提出,更增添了企業(yè)對(duì)綠色制造的需求.4；綠色制造的實(shí)施將為我國(guó)企業(yè)消除國(guó)際綠色貿(mào)易壁壘提供有力支撐.5；綠色制造的實(shí)施將推動(dòng)一大批新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的形成,包括1綠色產(chǎn)品制造產(chǎn)業(yè)，實(shí)施綠色制造的軟件產(chǎn)業(yè).1; Green manufacturing is the inevitable demand of the sustainable development of human society, has significant social benefits.2; Green manufacturing is the 21st century enterprise has made significant economic benefit opportunities.3; International environmental management standards, more added enterprise demand for green manufacturing.4. The implementation of green manufacturing for our country enterprise international green trade barriers to provide strong support.5; The implementation of green manufacturing will promote the formation of a large number of emerging industries, including creates green product manufacturing, the implementation of green manufacturing software industry.企業(yè)實(shí)施綠色制造,需要大量實(shí)施工具和軟件產(chǎn)品，如計(jì)算機(jī)輔助綠色設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)、綠色工藝規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)、綠色制造的決策支撐系統(tǒng)、15014000 國(guó)際認(rèn)證的支撐系統(tǒng)等。將會(huì)推動(dòng)一類新興軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)的形成。Entprises to implement green manufacturing, need a lot of implementation of tools and software products, such as computer aided system of green design, green, green manufacturing process planning system of decision support system of 15014000 international certification, support system and so on. Will promote the formation of a kind of emerging software industry.因此綠色制造是具有重要社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的國(guó)際技術(shù)前沿，具有非常重要的研究意義和應(yīng)用前景，綠色制造的研究?jī)?nèi)容體系涉及產(chǎn)品整個(gè)生命周期的所有問題，主要是五綠問題的集成,即綠色設(shè)計(jì)、綠色材料、綠色工藝、綠色包裝、綠色處理問題的集成，“因此綠色工藝技術(shù)是綠色制造研究和實(shí)施的重要內(nèi)容之一“。 Therefore, green manufacturing is a important social benefits and economic benefits of the international forefront of technology, it is a very important research significance and application prospect of the research content of green manufacturing system involves the product whole life cycle of all problems, mainly five green problems of integration, namely, green design, green material, green technology, green packing, green and deal with the problem of integration, “so the green technology is one of the important contents of the research and implementation of green manufacturing“.