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專題十一 非謂語動詞 教學目標 1. 掌握動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞的基本用法； 2. 準確完成動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞的相關(guān)練習。 非謂語動詞專題 考情分析 非謂語動詞是指在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式，在句子中相當于名詞、形容詞或副詞。非謂語在句中不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制。不定式、動名詞、分詞都是非謂語動詞。近年來中考關(guān)于非謂語動詞的考查重點有：動名詞作主語和賓語；分詞作定語；動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語、狀語和定語；不定式符號to的省略以及及物動詞后接動詞不定式和接動名詞的意義差異等。 自我測試 1. Why don’t we encourage our children ______ off the video games and pick up a book? A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. to turning 2. Andy made a big bamboo box the little sick bird until it could fly again. A. keep B. kept C. keeps D. to keep 3. The heavy rain made the headmaster________ the school sports meeting. A. to cancel B. cancel C. canceling D. canceled 4. Rio de Janeiro still has a lot of things _____ to prepare for the xx Olympics. A. do B. did C. to do D. does 5. It’s important English well. A. of you to learn B. of you learn C. for you to learn D. for you learning 6. It’s kind ________ you ________ so much for us. A. of, to think B. for, to think C. of, thinking 7. It takes me half an hour ________ the piano every day. A. play B. playing C. to play 8. I prefer _______ outside for a trip rather than ________at home this May Day holiday. A. to go, staying B. going, to stay C. to go, stay D. going, staying 9. We have two rooms ______, but I can’t decide ______. A. to live; to choose which one B. to live; choose which one C. to live in; which one to choose D. to live in; choose which one 10. He is often seen others in need. A. help B. to help C. helps D. helping 11. The mother’s advice fell ______deaf ears again. It’s no use ______ to her. A. on; talking B. with; to talk C. to; talk 12. —Dad, why must I stop ______ computer games? —For your health, my boy. A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing 13. Thomas story about ______ a bear attack was really exciting. A. survive B. surviving C. to survive D. to surviving 14. Mary is a little poor at English . I think she needs ____ it every day. A. practice to speak B. to practice speaking C. practice speaking 15. The students and their teacher ______ eagerly looking forward to ______Spring Festival. A. is; come B. are; coming C. are; the coming 16. Ling Feng makes the baby . A. stops crying B. stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop crying 17. Recently I have read some books by Verne, a famous science fiction writer. A. were written B. written C. wrote D. write 18. I think the short stories ______ by Dickens are very popular ______ the children. A. are written; for B. are written; among C. written; among D. written; between 參考答案：1—5 CDBCC 6—10 ACCCB 11—15 ADBBB 16—18 DBC 教學建議： 1. 如果學生自我測試中的1-10小題有錯誤，建議先帶領(lǐng)學生回顧考點1關(guān)于動詞不定式的考點復習部分，并完成基礎(chǔ)演練中寫出單詞正確復數(shù)形式和短語翻譯的練習。 2. 如果學生自我測試中的11-16小題有錯誤，建議先帶領(lǐng)學生回顧考點2關(guān)于動名詞的復習部分。 3. 如果學生自我測試中的17-18小題有錯誤，建議先帶領(lǐng)學生回顧考點3關(guān)于分詞的復習部分。 4.通過自我測試部分的測驗，可以簡單了解學生對于非謂語動詞的整體掌握情況，根據(jù)自己所帶學生的學習程度，非謂語動詞考點的復習可以有所刪減或選擇性的講解。 知識梳理 非謂語動詞 動詞不定式 形式 肯定：to do 否定：not to do 句法功能 主、賓、表、賓補、定、狀等 動名詞 形式 doing 句法功能 主、賓、表、定等 分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 形式 doing 句法功能 定、表、狀、賓等 過去分詞 形式 done 句法功能 定、表、賓補等 考點歸納： 1. 不定式的句型：it’s +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.； 2. 一些動詞后跟不定式與動名詞的區(qū)別； 3. 不定式的肯定和否定形式； 4. 使役動詞后接不帶to的不定式的用法； 5. 動名詞作主語、賓語、定語的用法； 6. have sb. do sth和have sth done的區(qū)別： …… 考點歸納 【考點1】動詞不定式 1. 動詞不定式的形式 肯定式 to do Tell the children to eat healthy food. 否定式 not to do Tell the children not to eat unhealthy food. 【注】動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，在句中不能用作謂語，其形式不隨主語的人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)而變化。動詞不定式可以有自己的賓語和邏輯主語等。 I want to buy a computer. It’s important for us to learn English. 2. 動詞不定式的句法功能 成分 用法 例句 主語 1) 位于句首，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù) To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 2) 常用it作形式主語，把不定式放在后面 常見句型: Its+ adj. + of/for + sb. + to do sth. [形容詞是描述人的性格和品質(zhì)方面時，用of; 形容詞用于描述不定式動作時，用for] It is a / one’s + n. (task / duty / job) + to do sth. It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. Its extremely kind of you to come and meet me. Its dangerous for you to drive so fast. It’s my duty to save patients 表語 多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語 Her job is to clean the hall. =To clean the hall is her job. 賓語 1) 作某些動詞的賓語，如want, refuse, forget, afford, try, choose, agree, help, hope, decide等 Tom cant afford to buy a car at present. 2) 在find, think后作賓語時，常用it代替，作賓語的動詞不定式后移 I find it easy to read English every day. 賓補 1) tell, ask, allow, would like, encourage, advise, remind等后跟動詞不定式作賓補 She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class. 2) 一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感(feel),二聽(hear, listen),三讓(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice),但被動要還原to I saw him cross the road. My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss. 定語 1) 不定式作定語一般放在被修飾詞的后面 On the farm everyone has lots of work to do 2) 不定式作后置定語，與被修飾的詞是動賓關(guān)系，如果動詞為不及物動詞，后面須加上相應(yīng)的介詞 There is nothing to worry about. I want a pen to write with. He is looking for a room to live in. 3) 不定式修飾不定代詞something, anything等時，放在它們的后面，如果不定代詞也被形容詞修飾，詞序是“不定代詞+形容詞+不定式” I had something cold to drink. 狀語 表目的 He worked day and night to earn money. 表結(jié)果 The policemen searched the house only to find nothing. 表原因 They were very sad to hear the news. 獨立成分 這種不定式獨立與句子之外，表示說話者的態(tài)度、語氣等,如to be honest, to begin with等 To tell you the truth, we don’t want to include you. 例題1：My parents often tell me too much junk food because it’s bad for my health. A. not eating B. not to eat C. eating D. to eat 例題2：He hurried back home ____ his schoolbag. A. fetched B. to fetch C. fetching D. fetches 例題3：Jack’s teacher asked him ________ off the lights after class. A. turning B. turned C. to turn 例題4：— Why do we eat vegetables every day, Mum? — ________ healthy, my dear. A. To keep B. Keep C. Keeping D. Kept 例題5：When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place________. A. to live B. living in C. to live in 例題6：Even Tony’s granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him ________ smoking. A. give up B. gave up C. to give up D. giving up 例題7： It is important ______ people ______ good manners. A. for; to learn B. of; to learn C. for; learn D. of; learn 例題8：—Let me help you carry the box, Granny. —Thank you, Li Lei. It’s very nice ______ you ______ me. A. of; to help B. for; to help C. of; helping D. for; helping 例題9：—It’s our duty ______ our city clean and beautiful. —Yes. We should do something for it. A. to keep B. keep C. keeping 例題10： At times, parents find it difficult ________ with their teenage children. A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk 參考答案：BBCAC CAAAD 3. 動詞不定式的常見搭配 1) 疑問詞+不定式 可以作主、賓、表等，相當于名詞性從句，因此常用這個結(jié)構(gòu)把復合句改為簡單句 Where to go is still a question. The problem is where to find him. I don’t know what to do next. = I don’t know what I should do next. 2) too +adj.+ to do 太…而不能… He is too young to go to school. 3) adj./ adv. +enough to do 足夠…做… He is not enough to go to school. 例題1：She’s not strong enough _______ walking up mountains. A. to go B. going C. go D. went 例題2：— I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? — I haven’t decided where ________. A. go B. went C. going D. to go 參考答案：AD 4. 動詞不定式符號to的省略 1) 在“一感(feel),二聽(hear, listen),三讓(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice), 半幫助(help)”后作賓補的動詞不定式可以省略to，但在被動語態(tài)中，必須帶to。 I saw him go into the room just now. = He was seen to go into the room just now. The boss made my friend work the whole night. =My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss. 2) would rather(not) do than do ; had better(not) do We had better take some warm clothes. 3) why not do; can’t but do Why not have a rest? I can’t but walk to school. 4) 當兩個或多個動詞不定式并列時，第一個動詞不定式加to，后面的動詞不定式省略to I want to visit him and ask for some help. 例題1：You look too tired. Why not __________a rest? A. stop to have B. to stop having C. stop having 例題2：— Let’s play football on the playground. — It’s too hot outside. I would rather ______ at home than ______ out. A. to stay; go B. staying; going C. stay; to go D. stay; go 例題3：— What a heavy rain! — So it is. I prefer________ rather than________ on such a rainy day. A. to go out; stay at home B. to stay at home; go out C. going out; stay at home D. staying at home ; go out 例題4：The boy is often heard__________ in the music room. He sings very well. A. practice singing B. to practice singing C. practiced singing 例題5： What happens when you hear a strange noise at night, or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom? It often makes us ______. A. jump B. to jump C. jumping D. jumped 例題6： If you see the cartoon film, you will ______ laugh. A. be made B. be made to C. made to D. make 參考答案：ADBBA B 【考點2】動名詞 1. 動名詞的形式 肯定式 doing Sleeping is good for our health. 否定式 not doing I’m sorry for not having informed you of the meeting. 2. 動名詞的句法功能 成分 用法 例句 主語 1) 動名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù) Reading aloud is very helpful. 2) 有時可用it作形式主語，動名詞后移 It’s useless arguing with him. 表語 多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)化成作主語 His job is teaching English. =Teaching English is his job. 賓語 1)作介詞或由介詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語的賓語，如be interested in; be used to; feel like; think of等 We are thinking of making a new plan. 2)作某些動詞的賓語，如enjoy, practice, finish, mind, miss, suggest, imagine, consider等 They havent finished building the dam. 定語 表示它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等，置于修飾語之前 swimming pool 游泳池; reading room閱覽室; walking stick手杖, , working people勞動人民等 【注】有些動詞后面接動名詞和接不定式作賓語是有差別的： forget to do sth.忘記要做某事，forget doing sth.忘記做過某事; mean to do sth.打算做某事，mean doing sth.意味著做某事; regret to do sth.遺憾要做某事，regret doing sth.后悔做過某事; stop to do sth.停下來做另外一件事，stop doing sth.停止做某事; try to do sth.盡力做某事，try doing sth.試著做某事; need to do 需要做某事(主語為人)，need doing=need to be done需要被做(主語為物)。 例題1：I hope everyone can care about ______ the environment and stop ______ things. A. protecting; wasting B. protecting; to waste C. protect; wasting D. protect; to waste 例題2：Why not ______ your teacher for help when you can’t finish _______ the story by yourself. A. to ask; write B. to ask; writing C. ask; writing D. asking; to write 例題3：Don’t throw away the waste paper. It needs______ so that it can be reused. A. to destroy B. destroying C. to collect D. collecting 例題4： _______ honest is the first thing people should learn. A. Being B. Look C. Be D. Become 例題5： — Dad, why must I stop ______ computer games? — For your health, my boy. A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing 例題6：— I didn’t hear you come in just now. — That’s good. We tried _______ any noise, for you were sleeping. A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making 例題7：Our English teacher often says to us, “ _______ English well is very important”. A. Learn B. Learning C. Learned D. To learning 參考答案：ACDAD BB 3. 動名詞的常見搭配 1) there be+名詞+doing 某處有某人或某物在做某事 There were some people rowing on the river. 2) prefer doing to doing 喜歡…勝過… I prefer staying at home to going out. 3) No doing 禁止/不準做某事 No parking. 禁止停車。 4) would/ Do you mind doing 你介意做某事嗎 Would you mind opening the window? 5) How/What about doing 做某事怎么樣 What about having a picnic this Sunday? 6) sb. spend some time/ money (in) doing sth. 某人花費一些時間/金錢做某事 The boy spent twenty yuan buying a T-shirt. 7) 常見能接動名詞的短語 be used to; look forward to; can’t help; stop…fro; be busy等 He was busy working when I came in. 例題1：He used to ______ in a small village, but now he has been used to______ in a big city. A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living 例題2：Would you mind ________ the door? It’s quite windy outside. A. close B. closing C. to close 例題3：— I feel stressed from time to time. Could you give me some advice? — _______ sharing your worries with your parents? A. Why don’t you B. How about C. Why not D. Would you like 例題4：— Would you like__________ camping with me? — I’d like to. But I’m busy ________ my homework. A. to go; to do B. to go; doing C. going; to do D. going; doing 例題5：— I’m looking forward to ________ my parents soon. What about you? — Me too. A. seeing B. see C. saw 例題6：The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand_________ to the rich land in the south of China. A. move B. to move C. from moving 參考答案：ABBBA C 【考點3】分詞 1. 概念 分詞常常扮演形容詞的角色，也有動詞的性質(zhì)。分詞可以分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成，過去分詞通常由“動詞原形+ed”構(gòu)成 (也有不規(guī)則變化)。 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞對比 時間上 語態(tài)上 現(xiàn)在分詞 表示動作正在進行 a developing country (發(fā)展中國家) 表示主動 the ruling class (統(tǒng)治階級) 過去分詞 表示動作已完成 a developed country(發(fā)達國家) 表示被動 the ruled class (被統(tǒng)治階級) 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞用法 用法 例句 1) 幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時 He is reading an interesting book now. 2) 作定語：分詞單獨作定語時，放在所修飾的名詞前; 分詞短語作定語時，則放在所修飾的名詞后 China is a developing country. The woman standing behind the counter is my mother. 3) 作表語：表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征或者狀態(tài) 【注】動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別： 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征; 動名詞作表語主要是對主語內(nèi)容的進一步說明和解釋 The play was interesting. My job is teaching. (句中的teaching為動名詞，是對主語內(nèi)容的進一步說明) 我的工作是教書。 My job is interesting. (句中的interesting為形容詞化的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示主語的特征) 我的工作很有趣。 4) 作賓補：常作感官動詞或使役動詞的賓語補足語，表動作正在進行或動作的持續(xù) 【注】現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補和動詞不定式作賓補的區(qū)別： 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補表示動作正在進行; 不定式作賓補表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動作 Can you hear her singing a song in the next room? I saw him going up the stairs.我看見他正在上樓。(“上樓”這個動作正在進行) I saw him go up the stairs.我看見他上樓了。(“上樓”這個動作已經(jīng)完成) 5) 作狀語：分詞的邏輯主語(即分詞動作的發(fā)出者)一般要與句中主語保持一致。 He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 例題1：Seeing their teacher _______ into the classroom, they stopped _______ at once. A. walk; telling B. entering; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking; talking 例題2： — “Who’s the boy in white T-shirt _______under the tree?” — “My friend.” A. stand B. to stand C. stood D. standing 例題3：When I walked past the park, I saw some old people ________ Chinese Taiji. A. do B. did C. doing D. are doing 例題4：I found a letter ______ on the floor when I came into the classroom. A. lying B. lay C. lie D. lies 例題5：He lost his key. It made him _______in the cold to wait for his wife’s return. A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay 參考答案：DDCAD 3. 過去分詞的用法 1) 幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時 I have already finished my homework. 2) 幫助構(gòu)成被動語態(tài) Now we are not allowed to touch it. 3) 作定語：(相當于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句) 過去分詞是單個單詞時，一般用于名詞前; 過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面 Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. = Those who are elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 4) 作表語：常具有形容詞的特征，表示主語的特征、狀態(tài)或感情等 I was surprised at hearing him say so. 5) 作賓補：常作感官動詞或使役動詞的賓語補足語，表示被動、完成 I heard the song sung several times last week. I have had my hair cut for two days. 6) 作狀語：分詞的邏輯主語(即分詞動作的發(fā)出者)一般要與句中主語保持一致 Seen from the tower, the city looks very beautiful. Given more time, Ill be able to do it better. 【注】有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動，只表示完成，如： boiled water(開水), fallen leaves(落葉), newly arrived goods(新到的貨), the risen sun(升起的太陽) 例題1：He often drinks two cups of _______water when he comes back. A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. boils 例題2：He wants to have his TV ________. A. repairing B. repaired C. to repair 參考答案：CB 基礎(chǔ)演練 單項選擇 1. It’s bad for your eyes 　　　　 computer games too much. A. plays B. to play C. play D. to playing 2. — What did Mr. Zhang say just now? — He told us 　　　　 any further. There is danger ahead. A. don’t go B. not go C. to go D. not to go 3. My pen pal--- Andrew found it difficult 　　　　 Chinese well. A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. learned 4. — How do you know that Jenny likes singing? — I often hear her 　　　　 after class. A. to sing B. sang C. sing D. sings 5. Lisa was driving along a new street and she didn’t know 　　　　 her car. A. where park B. where to park C. when parked D. how parking 6. — What’s your plan for the summer holidays? — I’ve no idea, but I’ve decided 　　　　 at home and have a good rest first. A. to stay B. stay C. stayed D. staying 7. — Kate, when shall we take a walk? — After I finish 　　　　 the dishes. A. wash B. washing C. to wash D. washed 8. Mary is looking forward to 　　　　 herself after the exam. A. enjoying B. enjoy C. enjoyed D. be enjoying 9. — Tom, have you seen your brother? — Oh, I saw him 　　　　 basketball on the playground just now. A. to play B. plays C. playing D. played 10. If you feel tired, you may stop 　　　　 to have a rest. A. to work B. worked C. work D. working 11. Thank you for 　　　　 us so much, Mr. Liang. A. helping B. help C. helped D. to help 12. — Mary dances best in our school. — I agree. I’ll never forget 　　　　 her dance for the first time. A. to see B. seeing C. see D. saw 13. — When are you going to have your hair 　　　　? — Tomorrow afternoon. A. cut B. cutting C. to cut D. cuts 14. My best friend Charles comes from a village 　　　　 Ma Ji. A. calls B. to call C. called D. calling 15. The book 　　　　 by Mo Yan is worth reading a second time. A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing 16. I used to _______ the bus, but now I am used to walking. A. take B. taking C. took 17. — I don’ t know _______ next. — You’d better finish your homework first. A. what to do B. how to do C. when to do 18. It’s dangerous _______a close look at the tiger in the zoo. A. for us taking B. of us to take C. of us taking D. for us to take 19. When I was walking past his room yesterday evening, I heard him ______ piano. A. playing B. to play the C. playing the 20. — Mom, I am afraid that I can’t get through the hard time we’re having now. — My boy, be brave and tell yourself ______. A. don’t give up B. not to give up C. not give up D. to give up 鞏固提升 單項選擇 1. Mr. Smith told his son _____ the football match because of the exam. A. not to watch B. to not watch C. not watching D. doesn’t watch 2. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after _____ for such a long time. A. run B. runs C. to run D. running 3. My parents didn’t allow me _____ to the party. A. go B. to go C. goes D. went 4. Why not _____ your friends for help when you are in trouble. A. ask B. to ask C. asks D. asking 5. —So beautiful flowers! I can’t decide _____ for my mom. —For Mother’s Day, it can’t be better to take some carnations(康乃馨). A. when to choose B. which to choose C. how to choose 6. When you leave, please turn off the lights _____ energy. A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved 7. I was tired out, so I stopped the car _____ a short rest. A. have B. having C. to have D. had 8. For our coming vacation, why _____ going abroad and seeing the outside world? A. not consider B. to consider C. don’t think D. not think 9. －Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child? －Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret _____ that silly thing to my mum. A. do B. to do C. doing D. did 10. (xx益陽) We are too tired. Let’s stop _____ a rest. A. to have B. have C. having 11. I really don’t know _____ this question. It is too hard. A. which to answer B. how to answer C. what to answer 12. I will try my best to stop my son from _____ the same mistake. A. make B. made C. makes D. making 13. The joke was so funny that it made him _____