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題型四 閱讀理解 福建真題剖析 類型一　選擇型閱讀理解 第一節(jié)　閱讀下面A、B、C、D四篇短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。 A My interest in cooking started when I was 11, partly thanks to my mother. She didnt really like cooking and when she did cook, I didnt like her food. Once I was watching something about cooking on TV and I thought I could do this, so I went to the bookstore and looked for the biggest cookbook I could find. During a year, I had produced most of its recipes(食譜) and was ready for a bigger challenge(挑戰(zhàn)). I wanted to create my own dishes and I started cooking for more people than just my family. To my joy, my parents allowed me to build a test kitchen. I did much cooking to test my dishes in it and my skill improved quickly. Later, my mom and I set up a dinner club that organized monthly events inside my home. Now as a teen chef(主廚), I have also cooked in topclass restaurants around the country. I am not doing it for the money, but because I love cooking. Now I know that when you stop caring whether youll be famous or do well, your dream will come to you. 46．The writer is now ． A．a(chǎn) TV star B．a(chǎn) news reporter C．a(chǎn) wellknown bookseller D．a(chǎn) good chef 47．What made the writer begin to cook? A．His parents wish. B．The customers advice. C．His mothers delicious food. D．The information about cooking on TV. 48．After producing most of the recipes in the cookbook, the writer wanted to ． A．take cooking lessons B．write his cookbook C．make new dishes of his own D．open a restaurant 49．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to(指代)“ ”． A．the bookstore B．a(chǎn) test kitchen C．a(chǎn) dinner club D．the country 50．What is important for the writer? A．Finding a good job. B．Making lots of money. C．Doing what he loves. D．Becoming famous. 【答案及解析】 46．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Now as a teen chef (主廚), I have also cooked in topclass restaurants around the country. I am not doing it for the money，but because I love cooking.”可知，現(xiàn)在作為一名青少年廚師，作者也在全國頂級(jí)餐館里做過飯，但是作者不是為了錢而做，而是因?yàn)橄矚g烹飪。因此作者現(xiàn)在應(yīng)是一名好廚師，故選D。 47．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Once I was watching something about cooking on TV and I thought I could do this, so I went to the bookstore and looked for the biggest cookbook I could find.”可知，有一次，作者正在看電視上的烹飪，作者認(rèn)為他也能做到這一點(diǎn)，所以他去書店尋找他能找到的最大的烹飪書。因此作者應(yīng)是通過看電視才開始烹飪的，故選D。 48．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“During a year, I had produced most of its recipes(食譜)and was ready for a bigger challenge(挑戰(zhàn)). I wanted to create my own dishes and I started cooking for more people than just my family.”可知，在一年的時(shí)間里，作者制作了大部分的食譜，并準(zhǔn)備迎接更大的挑戰(zhàn)，他想自己做菜，也開始為更多的人做飯，而不僅僅是他的家人。因此作者在試過烹飪書中大部分的食譜之后，想要自己制作新的菜肴。故選C。 49．B　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前一句“To my joy, my parents allowed me to build a test kitchen. I did much cooking to test my dishes in it and my skill improved quickly.”可知，令作者高興的是，他的父母允許他建造一個(gè)測(cè)試廚房，他做了很多菜來測(cè)試，因此他的技能很快就提高了。由此可推測(cè)，it指的是一個(gè)試驗(yàn)廚房，故選B。 50．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Now as a teen chef (主廚), I have also cooked in topclass restaurants around the country. I am not doing it for the money，but because I love cooking.”可知，現(xiàn)在作為一名青少年廚師，作者也在全國頂級(jí)餐館里做過飯，但是作者不是為了錢而做，而是因?yàn)橄矚g烹飪。再根據(jù)最后一段中的“Now I know that when you stop caring whether youll be famous or do well, your dream will come to you.”可知，現(xiàn)在作者知道當(dāng)他不再關(guān)心他是否會(huì)出名或做得好時(shí)，他的夢(mèng)想就會(huì)降臨到他身上。因此，做他喜歡做的事情很重要。故選C。 B Jackie is writing a summary(總結(jié)) and feedback about School Day to his teacher. 51．The text is written to ． A．give a report B．have School Day C．collect opinions from visitors D．hold a meeting with teachers 52．What were sold in Tinas group? A．School postcards. B．Chinese paintings. C．Recycling bags. D．Homemade snacks. 53．How did the visitors feel about the activities? A．Disappointed. B．Satisfied. C．Worried. D．Surprised. 54．How many students like the recycling bags according to the feedback? A．50. B．25. C．15. D．10. 55．Which of the following is TRUE about the activities? A．Nick was the leader of Group 1. B．Twentyfour students offered their feedback. C．The postcards were cheap. D．Student helpers who did well can get prizes. 【答案及解析】 51．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Jackie is writing a summary(總 結(jié)) and feedback about School Day to his teacher.”可知，Jackie正在寫關(guān)于學(xué)校生活的總結(jié)和反饋。因此本文章是一篇報(bào)告，故選A。 52．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二組里的“Chinese paintings(Leader: Tina)”可知Tina小組賣中國畫，故選B。 53．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Opinions from 100 students have been collected. Most students thought the activities were good. However, some students thought the prices of the school postcards were a little too high.”可知，已經(jīng)收集了100名學(xué)生的意見，而大多數(shù)學(xué)生認(rèn)為這些活動(dòng)很好，因此他們是滿意的，故選B。 54．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Opinions from 100 students have been collected.”可知收集了100名學(xué)生的意見，再結(jié)合柱狀圖可看出recycling bags 占50%，所以50名學(xué)生喜歡收集袋子，故選A。 55．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) “Have a meeting with the headmaster about prizes for excellent student helpers.”可知與校長(zhǎng)就優(yōu)秀學(xué)生助手的獎(jiǎng)金問題舉行會(huì)議，因此做得好的學(xué)生助手可以得到獎(jiǎng)品，故選D。 C Birth order—does it matter? Are you different because you are the first, second, or third child in your family—or maybe the last of nine? A study found that firstborns have an average(平均的)IQ that is three points higher than people who fall into a different place in the birth order, perhaps because firstborns often help younger brothers and sisters, which improves their own skills. In xx, an international organization of CEOs found that 43% of CEOs are firstborns, 33% are middle children, and 23% are lastborns. Firstborns are more likely(可能的) to be doctors and astronauts and get higher pay. If firstborns are more successful, lastborns are generally more agreeable. They are also more likely to be funny, possibly to get attention from all the bigger people at the dinner table. Mark Twain and Stephen Colbert were both the youngest in large families, and Jim Carrey was the youngest of four. According to a xx Time magazine article, “The Power of Birth Order，” lastborns are more likely to be artists and successful businessmen. Then there are the middle children; we have not ignored(忽視) them! Many middle children are short of oneonone time with their parents. They often feel shortchanged: the oldest gets more rights, and the youngest is “spoiled(寵壞)．” Though they may be ignored, middle children are more likely to grow into easygoing adults. Many factors(因素) make us who we are, but if the research is correct, birth order may be one of the most important factors. 56．Who is most likely to be a CEO? A．A firstborn. B．A secondborn. C．A thirdborn. D．A lastborn. 57．What can we learn about Jim Carrey? A．He was likely to be given low pay. B．He was likely to be agreeable. C．He was a firstborn. D．He was a middle child. 58．What does the underlined word“shortchanged”in Paragraph 4 probably mean in Chinese? A．受虧待的 B．受控制的 C．受寵愛的 D．受歡迎的 59．We can learn from the research that birth order ． A．has no influence on IQ B．matters a lot at the dinner table C．may decide who we are D．is a factor in making us powerful 60．What would be the best title for the text? A．Where Is Your Place in the Family? B．Who Improves Your Social Skills? C．What Makes You Successful in Life? D．How Can You Grow into a Big Man? 【答案及解析】 56．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的43% of CEOs are firstborns 可知43%的CEO是家庭當(dāng)中第一個(gè)出生的孩子，故答案選A。 57．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“If firstborns are more successful, lastborns are generally more agreeable. They are also more likely to be funny, possibly to get attention from all the bigger people at the dinner table. Mark Twain and Stephen Colbert were both the youngest in large families, and Jim Carrey was the youngest of four.”可知，如果第一批出生的人更成功，那么最后的孩子通常更容易相處，他們也更可能滑稽，可能會(huì)引起餐桌上所有年長(zhǎng)的人的注意。Mark Twain和Stephen Colbert 都是大家庭中最年輕的，而Jim Carrey也是四個(gè)當(dāng)中最小的，因此Jim Carrey可能是最容易相處的，故答案選B。 58．A　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后面的“ the oldest gets more rights, and the youngest is spoiled(寵壞的). Though they may be ignored, middle children are more likely to grow into easygoing adults.”可知，最大的人得到更多的權(quán)利，最年輕的人被寵壞了，雖然他們可能被忽視，但中間的孩子更容易成長(zhǎng)為隨和的成年人。因此shortchanged應(yīng)該是被忽視，即被虧待的 ，故答案選A。 59．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Many factors(因素)make us who we are, but if the research is correct, birth order may be one of the most important factors.“可知，許多因素決定我們成為什么樣的人，但如果研究正確，出生順序可能是最重要的因素之一。因此出生順序可能決定我們將成為什么樣的人，故答案選C。 60．A　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文中的第一段“Birth order—does it matter? Are you different because you are the first, second, or third child in your family—or maybe the last of nine？”可知，出生順序有關(guān)系嗎？你是不是因?yàn)槟闶羌依锏牡谝粋€(gè)、第二個(gè)或第三個(gè)孩子而不同呢？或者還是九個(gè)孩子中的最后一個(gè)？再根據(jù)后面文章描述，可知本文主要講述在家庭中的位置，故答案選A。 D (xx福建中考A卷)Many Chinese people will wonder what presents to get for their moms on Mothers Day, but not many know Mothers Day is actually a festival from overseas. Mothers Day originated(起源) in America during the early 20th century. The festival spread to China as early as the 1980s and was widely accepted. Why did a foreign festival become popular in China? In fact, Chinese traditional culture has always encouraged filial(孝順的) devotion to parents. There are many stories which show filial respect in ancient China. For example, the story of “Taste Liquid(液體的) Medicine for Mother” tells us the filial virtue(美德) of Emperor Wen of the Western Han dynasty. His mother had been sick for three years. He often stayed up by her bedside and cared for her day and night. He tasted the liquid medicine first before she drank it. Also, mother love is a repeated subject in Chinese ancient poems, like “Song of the Parting Son” by Meng Jiao, a poet of the Tang dynasty. Now this poem is still a must in the school textbooks. Children in China are brought up with the education of filial devotion. On special days, people often use roses or forgetmenots to express love. Carnations are considered as the perfect flowers for mothers around the world, but few know that China has its own flower for mothers—the tiger lily. Love for mothers can have different ways of expression. What matters most is love, not the festival itself. What mothers truly want is perhaps just a simple expression of love from their children. 61．When did Mothers Day spread to China? A．In the 1920s. B．In the 1980s. C．In the Western Han dynasty. D．In the Tang dynasty. 62．What is the poem of “Song of the Parting Son” mainly about? A．The filial virtue of Emperor Wen. B．Caring for the old. C．Traditional Chinese medicine. D．A mothers love for her son. 63．Mothers Day is popular in China mainly because of ． A．its wide spread in many countries B．our ancient stories of respecting parents C．our traditional cultural values D．its simple way of expressing love 64．What is regarded as the Chinese own flower for a mother? 65．What a mother truly wants on Mothers Day may be ． A．a(chǎn) big dinner B．a(chǎn) celebration party C．greetings of the festival D．expensive presents 【答案及解析】 61．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The festival spread to China as early as the 1980s and was widely accepted.”可知被傳到中國并廣泛被人們所接受大約在20世紀(jì)80年代，故答案為B。 62．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Also, mother love is a repeated subject in Chinese ancient poems，like Song of the Parting Sonby Meng Jiao，a poet of the Tang Dynasty”可知，《游子吟》講的是母親對(duì)兒子的愛，故答案為D。 63．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Why did a foreign festival become popular in China? In fact，Chinese traditional culture has always encouraged filial(子女的) devotion to parents”可推斷，母親節(jié)在中國受歡迎是因?yàn)樗煤臀覀儌鹘y(tǒng)文化中的孝道一致，故答案為C。 64．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“...few know that China has its own flower for mothers—the tiger lily.”可知答案為D。 65．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“What mothers truly want is perhaps just a simple expression of love from their children.”可知答案為C。 (xx福建中考B卷)Natural scenes often become the themes of poetry. Poets watch nature closely and present(呈現(xiàn)) its beauty in their poems. For example, poets may describe natural scenes such as a spring day or a snowy day. Besides, poets often express their feelings about nature by creating lively images(形象) in poems. With images, poets can describe the details(細(xì)節(jié)) of something colorfully and clearly. Readers, on the other hand, can connect their own experiences with the images in the poems so that they can share the poets ideas. Now lets read the poem “Who Has Seen the Wind？” When we read the lines “When the leaves hang trembling” and “When the trees bow down their heads，”they remind us of a windy day. The poet successfully creates an image of the wind by describing details of the scene. These help readers think of the moment when the wind passes by. We might even bow our own heads, imagining that we are the trees. In the poem “Night，” Blake describes many details of a night scene. People know very well what they can see at night, like stars or the moon. However, Blake sees more than just the moon itself; he sees the moon as a flower, smiling at us from up in the sky. So the moon is really compared to a flower and personified(擬人化) as a smiling person. 61．Whats the purpose of writing Paragraph 1? A．To have an argument. B．To have a discussion. C．To give an introduction. D．To give a suggestion. 62．Which picture best describes the underlined part in the poem “Who Has Seen the Wind”？ 63． sits and smiles on the night in the poem “Night”． A．The sun B．The star C．The bird D．The moon 64．What do the two poems have in common? ①Seeing natural scenes as humans. ②Using imagination. ③Praising the same natural scene. ④Describing details of the scenes. ⑤Creating images by hearing and touching. A．①③⑤ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①②⑤ 65．How does the writer present the text to us? A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By using personifications. D．By asking questions. 【答案及解析】 61．C　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Natural scenes often become the themes of poetry. Poets watch nature closely and present(呈現(xiàn)) its beauty in their poems.”可知，自然景物往往成為詩歌的主題，詩人密切注視自然，在詩歌中呈現(xiàn)它的美。因此第一段主要是做一個(gè)介紹，故選C。 62．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“When we read the lines ‘When the leaves hang trembling’ and ‘When the trees bow down their heads，’ they remind us of a windy day”可知，當(dāng)我們閱讀詩句“當(dāng)樹葉飄動(dòng)”和“當(dāng)樹垂下它們的頭”時(shí)，它們提醒我們是刮風(fēng)的一天，故選B。 63．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句中的“he sees the moon as a flower, smiling at us from up in the sky”可知，他把月亮看作一朵花，從天上向我們微笑，因此在詩“夜”中月亮在晚上坐著微笑。選D。 64．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段 中的“When we read the lines ‘When the leaves hang trembling and ‘When the trees bow down their heads， they remind us of a windy day”可知，當(dāng)我們閱讀詩句“當(dāng)樹葉飄動(dòng)”和“當(dāng)樹垂下它們的頭”時(shí)，它們提醒我們刮風(fēng)的一天；再根據(jù)最后一段中的“he sees the moon as a flower, smiling at us from up in the sky”可知，他把月亮看作一朵花，從天上向我們微笑。①以人的身份看到自然景色；②使用了想象；③稱贊同一自然場(chǎng)景；④描述景色的細(xì)節(jié)；⑤通過聽覺和觸覺創(chuàng)造想象。③⑤不是兩首詩的共同點(diǎn)，因此①②④正確，選C。 65．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項(xiàng)為舉例說明；B項(xiàng)通過比較；C項(xiàng)通過使用擬人D項(xiàng)通過提問。作者列舉了“Who Has Seen the Wind”(《誰曾見過風(fēng)？》)和“Night”(《夜》)兩首詩分享自然美景和作者的思想，應(yīng)該是通過舉例說明，選A。 類型二　還原型閱讀理解 第二節(jié)　閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入短文空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，使短文通順、連貫，意思完整。 E (xx福建中考A卷)We should not use more water than we actually need. If we do, we will not have enough water in the future. 66 It is not a difficult question to answer. If we remove more fresh water than nature replaces, we have taken too much. Many cities run campaigns(運(yùn)動(dòng)) to get people to stop wasting water. They show them ways they can cut back on water use. 67 Whats more, they carry out programs that offer money to reduce water use. For example, they give people shower heads and toilets that use less water. 68 Another threat(威脅) to our water supply is pollution. When our sources of fresh water get polluted, we can no longer use this water. This also endangers(危及) the animals that depend on the water. 69 We can save lots of water by not letting taps(水龍頭) run while we brush our teeth or by turning off taps right after washing hands. By collecting cold water when were taking warm showers, we can also save water. 70 In this way, we can make full use of water. A．However, just how much is too much? B．There are several things we can do to save water. C．Finally, they make laws to control the use of water. D．We dont have to let the cold water run until it gets warm. E．They also increase water bills for people who use too much. 【答案及解析】 66．A　推理判斷題。聯(lián)系上下文可知，此處應(yīng)是談?wù)撍Y源的多少，因此A項(xiàng)符合題意。 67．E　推理判斷題。根據(jù)上一句“They show them ways they can cut back on water use.”可知，此處談?wù)摰膽?yīng)是防止浪費(fèi)水的方法，因此E項(xiàng)符合題意。 68．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)上一句中的“they give people shower heads and toilets that use less water”可知，此處談?wù)摰氖枪?jié)約水的具體方法，且根據(jù)上文中的“Whats more”可知，空處位于本段的末尾，因此C項(xiàng)符合題意。 69．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)本段的敘述可知，本段主要講節(jié)約用水的另外一些方法，故B項(xiàng)符合題意。 70．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)上一句“By collecting cold water when were taking warm showers, we can also save water.”可知，在洗熱水澡的時(shí)候收集冷水也可以節(jié)約用水，空處承接上一句，應(yīng)是不要讓冷水一直流，直到水變暖，故D項(xiàng)符合題意。 (xx福建中考B卷)GreenHome campaigners(發(fā)起者) really love the natural world. In fact, we love it so much that were determined(決心) to do our best to protect it. 66 For that, we need money too. GreenHome can be strong only with the support from people like you. 67 If the joy of walking through green forest, the excitement of climbing ancient rocks, or even the simple pleasure of watching wildlife in its own habitat(棲息地) really moves you, then share GreenHomes idea of the world. Please turn that idea into some support today. 68 So take action right now! Even a very small amount, like $1 a month, will soon build up into a valuable contribution(貢獻(xiàn)) to protecting the natural world we love so much. 69 Well also use it to develop ways to deal with environmental problems. Think about it another way. If you want a future where you can continue to do the things you love in the great outdoors，you need to make sure youve got a great outdoors to do them in. 70 And this way is simple enough—thats got to be worth $1 a month. A．Giving GreenHome your support is one way you can do that. B．But determination alone will not protect the environment. C．Thats why were asking you to join us today. D．And we wont just use it to stop bad things. E．Everything we do costs money. 【答案及解析】 66．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)前句“In fact, we love it so much that were determined(決心) to do our best to protect it”可知事實(shí)上，我們非常熱愛它，我們決心盡最大努力保護(hù)它。因此結(jié)合選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是單憑決心是不能保護(hù)環(huán)境的，故選B。 67．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)前句“For that，we need money too. Green Home can be strong only with the support from people like you”可知，為此我們也需要錢，只有在像你這樣的人的支持下，綠色家園才能茁壯成長(zhǎng)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，此處闡釋了我們今天邀請(qǐng)你加入我們的原因，故選C。 68．E　推理判斷題。根據(jù)后句“So take action right now! Even a very small amount, like 1 a month...”可知，要馬上行動(dòng)，即使是很小的一部分，比如一個(gè)月1元，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，我們所做的每件事都是要花錢的，故選E。 69．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)后句“Well also use it to develop ways to deal with environmental problems.”可知，我們還將利用它來開發(fā)處理環(huán)境問題的方法，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，我們不會(huì)僅僅用它來阻止壞事，故選D。 70．A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)后句“And this way is simple enough－thats got to be worth ￥1 a month.”可知這種方法很簡(jiǎn)單，一個(gè)月就要1元。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，給予綠色家園你的支持是你能做到的一種方式，故選A。