畢業(yè)設計（論文）
任務書
題 目: 半自動橋式碼垛機旋轉(zhuǎn)升降機構設計
院系名稱：機電工程學院
專 業(yè)：過程裝備與控制工程
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畢業(yè)設計（論文）任務書
1．本畢業(yè)設計（論文）課題應達到的目的：
半自動橋式碼垛機是現(xiàn)代化企業(yè)成品倉庫的主要作業(yè)機械，是現(xiàn)在廣泛用于糧食、面粉、飼料等行業(yè)成品庫堆包、碼垛的專用設備。一般碼垛機由進包皮帶機、行走機構、旋轉(zhuǎn)升降機構及下滑皮帶機組成。本課題針對半自動橋式碼垛機的旋轉(zhuǎn)升降部分進行設計，其主要內(nèi)容包括：①旋轉(zhuǎn)機構設計；②升降機構設計；③升降機構電氣設備選型設計。通過以上工作，使學生掌握半自動橋式碼垛機的設計過程；培養(yǎng)學生創(chuàng)新能力，為今后從事機械設計相關工作奠定基礎。
2．本畢業(yè)設計（論文）課題任務的內(nèi)容和要求（包括原始數(shù)據(jù)、技術要求、工作要求等）：
主要論文要求包括：英文文獻翻譯；發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀綜述；橋式碼垛機下滑皮帶機機構的建立；撰寫設計報告。在上述幾個方面達到學院畢業(yè)設計的相關規(guī)定和要求。 1技術要求 對橋式碼垛機的旋轉(zhuǎn)連接部分進行設計，選擇連接部分是碼垛機連接小行車與下滑皮帶機的中間部分，設計依據(jù)30B/min的堆疊速率進行，考慮橋式碼垛機行走機構與下滑皮帶機部分的尺寸，并依據(jù)碼垛機總體規(guī)劃設定所需設備進行選型設計，進而對旋轉(zhuǎn)連接部分進行設計，最后完成整體設計。要求所設計的旋轉(zhuǎn)連接部分安全、可靠。運行速度平穩(wěn)、可調(diào)。在設計的基礎上，完成關鍵部件零件圖及裝配圖。 2工作要求 1）查閱相關資料，完成開題報告(4000字)； 2）結合設計內(nèi)容，完成外文文獻翻譯（3000漢字）； 3) 完成論文撰寫工作（15000漢字以上，不含計算公式和圖表），并附400字左右 的中、英文摘要； 4）撰寫畢業(yè)設計總結； 5）修改、整理論文，參加畢業(yè)設計答辯。
畢業(yè)設計（論文）任務書
3．對本畢業(yè)設計（論文）課題成果的要求〔包括畢業(yè)設計論文、圖表、實物樣品等〕：
1. 收集有關橋式碼垛機方面的資料； 2. 掌握橋式碼垛機工作的主要原理，同時結合設計內(nèi)容，熟練使用熟練使用AutoCAD設計軟件；3. 設計繪制完成橋式碼垛機旋轉(zhuǎn)連接部分關鍵部件的裝配圖和主要零件圖，圖紙總量不少于4張0號圖紙，要求全部采用計算機繪圖； 4. 要求撰寫文件：調(diào)研報告，開題報告（應按表格的內(nèi)容填寫），畢業(yè)設計說明書，畢業(yè)設計說明書不能少于5000字（不含計算公式和圖表）。
4．主要參考文獻：
[1] 竇履豫, 劉廣德.面粉堆碼發(fā)展的回顧與展望[J] .糧食加工, 2007, 32(3):49 -51. [2] 劉廣德.懸掛式碼垛機設計說明[Z].2006. [3] 李曉剛,劉晉浩. 碼垛機器人的研究與應用現(xiàn)狀、問題及對策[J]. 包裝工程. 2011(03) [4] 王海良,韓獻生,姚衛(wèi)平. 全自動包裝及機器人碼垛機在飼料加工企業(yè)的應用趨勢[J]. 飼料工業(yè). 2010(19) [5] 時盛志,魏毅立,韓素賢. 包裝碼垛自動生產(chǎn)線的應用研究[J]. 科技創(chuàng)新導報. 2009(22) [6] 韓德生. ZML1400型全自動碼垛機的應用[J]. 純堿工業(yè). 2008(01) [7] 黃泳波. 碼垛機吊臂連桿機構的運動分析與優(yōu)化設計[J]. 起重運輸機械. 2008(03) [8] 許曉暉,楊桂云. 新型橋式碼垛機的研制[J]. 起重運輸機械. 2006(08) [9] 李春明. 變頻器在碼垛機中的應用[J]. 變頻器世界. 2005(07) [10] 張秀云,閻洪水. 全自動包裝機及碼垛機在純堿行業(yè)的應用[J]. 純堿工業(yè). 2003(04) [11] 胡洪國,高建華,楊汝清. 碼垛技術綜述[J]. 組合機床與自動化加工技術. 2000(06)
畢業(yè)設計（論文）任務書
5．本畢業(yè)設計（論文）課題工作進度計劃：
起 迄 日 期
工 作 內(nèi) 容
起始：2016年03月01日
截止：2016年03月20日
實習調(diào)研，收集資料階段；
起始：2016年03月20日
截止：2016年04月01日
方案論證，英文翻譯；
起始：2016年04月01日
截止：2016年04月30日
結構設計，圖紙繪制階段；
起始：2016年04月30日
截止：2016年05月20日
撰寫說明書階段；
起始：2016年05月20日
截止：2016年05月30日
答辯準備階段
所在系（教研室）審查意見：
負責人：
年 月 日
院（部）學術委員會意見：
負責人：
年 月 日
機電工程學院
畢業(yè)設計外文資料翻譯
設計題目: 半自動橋式碼垛機旋轉(zhuǎn)升降機構設計
譯文題目: 碼垛機
學生姓名：
學 號：
專業(yè)班級：
指導教師：
正文：外文資料譯文 附 件：外文資料原文
指導教師評語：
簽名： 年 月 日
正文：外文資料譯文
巷道碼垛機
摘要
巷道碼垛機提供了一個狹窄的過道塔式起重機,包括能夠旅行沿著過道的基本單位的倉庫和桅桿結構連接到基本單位。桅桿結構可能有高度大于大約10米。起重運輸經(jīng)營者,附帶一個負荷平臺,包括,安排旅行沿著桅桿垂直。基本單位,起重運輸和承載平臺大小沿著倉庫過道寬度0.9米到1米。基本單位在水平方向的速度可能是1米5米/秒。起重運輸?shù)乃俣群统休d平臺在垂直方向可能小于1.5 m / s。基本單位的水平運動和垂直運動的起重運輸和承載平臺可能發(fā)生在同一時間,以便快速項目位置和檢索發(fā)生盡管相對較低的運動速度。
描述
發(fā)明的領域
這項發(fā)明涉及起重或塔式起重機。更特別的是這項發(fā)明與一條狹窄的過道碼垛機中使用的倉儲系統(tǒng)有關。
背景
傳統(tǒng)的倉儲系統(tǒng)涉及到大量倉庫的使用,單層倉庫擁有寬闊的通道，通道之間放置的存儲區(qū)域,如擱置,為叉車或其他物品提供通道服務設備。然而,高昂的土地成本意味著傳統(tǒng)的單層倉庫模型在許多情況下是不劃算的。還存在著其他缺點。
倉庫需要提供一個系統(tǒng)的操作設施實現(xiàn)空間效率比，目前是可以實現(xiàn)的。理想情況下,倉庫設施應包括狹窄的過道,過道放置在存儲區(qū)域之間。應該建立一個存儲區(qū)域高度大于當前系統(tǒng)為了最大化存儲空間在同一占用的土地。
然而,許多系統(tǒng)為提高存儲效率。塔式起重機的需求仍然存在,使倉庫與空間構造的有效設計存儲區(qū)域之間有狹窄的過道。
發(fā)明摘要
巷道碼垛機的各個方面的發(fā)明克服至少其中一些和其他現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的缺點。根據(jù)研究,本發(fā)明提供了巷道碼垛機用于倉庫、其他設施。碼垛機包括一個基本單位,能在倉庫通道之間運行。根據(jù)發(fā)明的總結,基本單位可能包括傳輸機制,如車輪?；締挝豢梢匝刂F路系統(tǒng)配置為之運行。
根據(jù)研究,基本單位可以耦合到桅桿結構向上提升,使訪問存儲區(qū)域,如貨架、倉庫環(huán)境。桅桿結構可能會提升到一個高度大于10米的結構。桅桿結構可能是可移動的支持在一個上端通過指導鐵路系統(tǒng)或其他支持系統(tǒng)。
起重運輸可能提供一個沿著桅桿的垂直結構。起重運輸機可能會提供給桅桿一個相對水平的結構。起重運輸機可能配置包括一個承載平臺,收到托盤貨物,集裝箱貨物,松散的貨物或其他負載配置的存儲區(qū)域倉庫環(huán)境。
起重運輸機可能要配置進行操作的工作人員。根據(jù)發(fā)明的一個總結,運營商控制可能會包含起重運輸機在內(nèi)。操作員控制可能包括接觸墊所涉及的運行結構的一部分,這樣起重機不能操作,除非操作者是坐著的。
至少有一個馬達可以傳達的動機力量提供起重運輸?shù)幕疽?。根?jù)發(fā)明的一個總結,基本單位,像起重運輸和承載平臺可能大小沿著過道的寬度約0.8米到大約1.3米?；締挝豢赡艿乃剿俣鹊囊苿营M窄的過道起重機在地板約1 m / s大約5米/秒。提供的水平速度可能沿著一個方向顯著水平相對于地板上。起重運輸和承載平臺可能與垂直速度移動的起重運輸和承載平臺沿著桅桿結構在低于大約1.5 m / s。提供的垂直速度可能沿著一個方向大大垂直相對于地板上。
運動的基本單位顯著水平方向可能同時進行起重運輸和承載平臺的運動在垂直方向。結果并發(fā)起重運輸和承載平臺的運動在水平和垂直方向相對于地板上增加的速度到達指定的位置,盡管個人速度相對較慢的基礎單元在水平方向上和起重運輸和承載平臺在垂直方向。
基本單位可能設計水平速度約為1.5 m / s大約3米/秒。根據(jù)本發(fā)明的另一個安排,起重運輸和承載平臺可能包括一個垂直速度約為0.25 m / s大約0.75 m / s。桅桿高度可能大于大約15米。根據(jù)發(fā)明的另一個安排,桅桿高度可能約19米約25米。
當基本單位完全降低,承載平臺相對于地面的高度，水平大小約0.75米。當完全降低時,承載平臺相對于地面的高度水平大小大約0.3米至0.7米，承載平臺相對于地面的高度水平大約是0.45米。
根據(jù)本發(fā)明的一個總結,可能包括桅桿結構的寬度約0.6米到大約0.9米。桅桿結構可能被配置為支持的重量限制起重運輸和承載平臺大約350公斤約650公斤。馬車和承載平臺可能大小沿著倉庫過道的寬度約0.9米約1米。
轉(zhuǎn)移結構可能提供接收塔式起重機組裝。轉(zhuǎn)移結構可能包括一個鐵路系統(tǒng)指導塔式起重機組裝到傳輸結構。轉(zhuǎn)移結構可能包括垂直支撐結構進行的桅桿結構塔式起重機。轉(zhuǎn)移結構可能包括傳輸機制,使結構轉(zhuǎn)移運輸兩個或兩個以上的通道之間的塔式起重機。轉(zhuǎn)移可能運輸塔式起重機結構沿著路徑大大垂直通道開始鐵路和目的地之間的過道鐵路。轉(zhuǎn)移可能運輸塔式起重機結構沿路徑曲線起始通道鐵路和目的地之間的過道鐵路。
這些和其他方面功能的發(fā)明在以下圖紙和詳細描述中將變得明顯。也可以理解,上述一般描述和下面的詳細描述是模范,許多其他對象、特性和優(yōu)勢的發(fā)明在閱讀下面的詳細描述后應該變得明顯。
簡要描述的圖紙
圖1演示了一個透視圖的一條狹窄的過道碼垛機。
圖2 a演示了一個頂級的角度視圖。
圖2 b說明了底部透視圖。
圖3演示了一個后方的角度對桅桿結構的上層部分。
圖3 b說明了前面的角度對桅桿結構的上層部分。
圖4說明了一個起重運輸和負荷平臺。
圖5如圖一個拖車。
總結
一個軌道系統(tǒng)可能有120個基本單位在運行,安裝在不同的通道或者是嵌在水平地板。軌道系統(tǒng)可能在地板水平之上。拖車運行軌道在相鄰軌道之間。拖車運行軌道可以適當提供拖車,允許運動之間的過道和可能提供的垂直取向相對于軌道的相鄰的行。另外,拖車運行r軌道提供非垂直方向相對于軌道的相鄰行。普通技能之一會容易觀察各種不同取向之間的拖車運行軌道和軌道相鄰行的部件。
低容量重量碼垛機100的發(fā)明,以相對較低的速度可以確保運行軌道系統(tǒng)可能顯著輕于那些在傳統(tǒng)的塔式起重機的安裝使用。
上層指導軌道可能提供與上層部分的桅桿結構在130個指導輥325。上層軌道可能包括一個“T”形的概要文件,或可能是貼在架門戶梁屋頂部分提供了一個倉庫或其他結構。
為了使用一個倉庫的多個通道,要么專用塔式起重機可能提供,每個通道或塔式起重機必須有倉庫的貨架之間移動的能力。有兩種主要的方法,使起重機之間的移動通道的倉庫,這是使用在通道末端彎軌,或使用汽車提供一個基地轉(zhuǎn)移到起重機的驅(qū)動器在過道的盡頭。汽車可以移動在軌道延長轉(zhuǎn)移沿著走廊的兩端對齊鐵路起重機擴展以及相鄰通道的長度。起重機可以退出傳輸車,沿著新倉庫過道。有不同的方法實現(xiàn)適當?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)移車的使用,包括每個起重機的專用拖車在一個倉庫里,和一個為每個倉庫的拖車,可能在需要的時候被要求由一個操作符。這些和其他適合的解決方案可以用于本發(fā)明的塔式起重機移動倉庫通道之間,這取決于特定的應用程序。
附件：外文資料原文
Narrow Aisle Stacker Crane
Abstract:
A narrow aisle stacker crane is provided, which includes a base unit capable of traveling along aisles in a warehouse and a mast
structure that is connected to the base unit. The mast structure may have a height greater than approximately 10 m. A hoisting carriage for an operator, with an attached load carrying platform, is included and is arranged to travel vertically along the mast. The base unit, the hoisting carriage and the load-carrying platform are sized to travel along warehouse aisles of 0.9 m to 1 m in width. The velocity of the base unit in a horizontal direction may be between 1 m is to 5 m/s. The velocity of the hoisting carriage and load-carrying platform in the vertical direction may be less than 1.5 m/s. Horizontal movement of the base unit and vertical movement of the hoisting carriage and load-carrying platform may take place at the same time, so that fast item placement and retrieval can take place despite relatively low movement speeds.
Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to lifting or stacker cranes. More particularly, this invention relates to a narrow aisle stacker crane for use in a warehousing system.
BACKGROUND
Traditional warehousing systems involve the use of large, single-storey warehouses having wide aisles that are placed between storage areas, such as shelving, to provide passages for fork-lift trucks or other goods conveyancing equipment. However, high land costs have meant that traditional single-storey warehouse models are not cost-effective in many instances. Various other drawbacks exist.
It is desirable to provide a system of operating a warehouse facility to achieve a greater space efficiency than is currently achievable. Ideally, the warehouse facility should include narrow aisles that are placed between storage areas. The storage areas should be built to a greater height than current systems in order to maximize storage space on the same footprint of land.
Many systems for improving storage efficiency have been proposed. However, a need still exists for stacker cranes that enable warehouses to be constructed with space efficient designs having narrow aisles between storage areas.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Various aspects of the invention overcome at least some of these and other drawbacks of existing systems. According to one arrangement, the invention provides a stacker crane for use in warehouses, among other facilities. The stacker crane includes a base unit that is capable of traveling between aisles in a warehouse. According to one arrangement of the invention, the base unit may includes a transport mechanism, such as wheels. According to another arrangement of the invention, the base unit may be configured to run along a rail system.
According to one arrangement, the base unit may be coupled to a mast structure that ascends upward to enable access to storage areas, such as shelving, in a warehouse environment. According to one arrangement, the mast structure may ascend to a height greater than 10 m. The mast structure may be moveably supported at an upper end by a guiding rail system or other supporting system.
According to one arrangement of the invention, a hoisting carriage may be provided that travels vertically along the mast structure. According to another arrangement of the invention, the hoisting carriage may be provided to travel horizontally relative to the mast structure. According to another arrangement of the invention, the hoisting carriage may be configured to include a load-carrying platform that receives palletized goods, containers of goods, loose goods and/or other load configurations from the storage areas of the warehouse environment.
According to one arrangement of the invention, the hoisting carriage may be configured to carry an operator thereon. According to one arrangement of the invention, operator controls may be included in the hoisting carriage. According to another arrangement of the invention, the operator controls may include a contact pad that is engaged by the operator's back, such that the crane will not operate unless the operator is seated.
According to one arrangement of the invention, at least one motor may be provided to impart motive forces to the hoisting carriage and the base unit. According to one arrangement of the invention, the base unit, the hoisting carriage and the load-carrying platform may be sized to travel along aisles having widths of approximately 0.8 m to approximately 1.3 m. According to another arrangement of the invention, the base unit may be imparted with a horizontal velocity for moving the narrow aisle crane across a floor at approximately 1 m/s to approximately 5 m/s. According to one arrangement, the horizontal velocity may be provided along a direction that is substantially horizontal relative to the floor. According to one arrangement of the invention, the hoisting carriage and load-carrying platform may be imparted with a vertical velocity for moving the hoisting carriage and load-carrying platform along the mast structure at less than approximately 1.5 m/s. According to one arrangement of the invention, the vertical velocity may be provided along a direction that is substantially vertical relative to the floor.
According to one arrangement of the invention, the movement of the base unit in the substantially horizontal direction may proceed concurrently with the movement of the hoisting carriage and the load-carrying platform in the substantially vertical direction. The resultant concurrent movement of the hoisting carriage and the load-carrying platform in the horizontal and vertical directions relative to the floor increases the speed of arrival to the designated location, despite the relatively slow individual velocities of the base unit in the horizontal direction and the hoisting carriage and the load-carrying platform in the vertical direction.
According to another arrangement of the invention, the base unit may be designed with a horizontal velocity of approximately 1.5 m/s to approximately 3 m/s. According to another arrangement of the invention, the hoisting carriage and load-carrying platform may be designed to include a vertical velocity of approximately 0.25 m/s to approximately 0.75 m/s. According to another arrangement of the invention, the mast height may be greater than approximately 15 m. According to yet another arrangement of the invention, the mast height may be approximately 19 m to approximately 25 m.
According to one arrangement of the invention, the base unit may be arranged such that, when completely lowered, the height of the load-carrying platform relative to the floor level is less than approximately 0.75 m. According to another arrangement of the invention, the base unit may be arranged such that, when completely lowered, the height of the load-carrying platform relative to the floor level is between approximately 0.3 m to approximately 0.7 m. According to yet another arrangement of the invention, the base unit may be arranged such that, when completely lowered, the height of the load-carrying platform relative to the floor level is approximately 0.45 m.
According to another arrangement of the invention, the mast structure may include a width of approximately 0.6 m to approximately 0.9 m. According to another arrangement of the invention, the mast structure may be configured to support a weight limit for the hoisting carriage and load-carrying platform of approximately 350 kg to approximately 650 kg. According to another arrangement of the invention, the carriage and the load-carrying platform may be sized to travel along warehouse aisles having widths of approximately 0.9 m to approximately 1 m.
According to one arrangement of the invention, a transfer structure may be provided for receiving the stacker crane assembly. According to one arrangement of the invention, the transfer structure may include a rail system for guiding the stacker crane assembly onto the transfer structure. In another arrangement, of the invention, the transfer structure may include a vertical support structure that engages the mast structure of the stacker crane. In another arrangement of the invention, the transfer structure may include a transport mechanism that enables the transfer structure to transport the stacker crane between two or more aisles. In another arrangement of the invention, the transfer structure may transport the stacker crane along a path that is substantially perpendicular between the starting aisle rail and the destination aisle rail. In another arrangement of the invention, the transfer structure may transport the stacker crane along a path that is curvilinear between the starting aisle rail and the destination aisle rail.
These and other aspects and features of the invention will become apparent upon review of the enclosed drawings and detailed description below. It is also to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and not restrictive to the scope of the invention. Numerous other objects, features, and advantages of the invention should become apparent upon a reading of the following detailed description of which is included below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the presently disclosed invention and, together with the description, discloses the principles of the invention.
Conclusion
The base unit 120 may run on a rail system that is installed along the various aisles, and may be recessed below the floor level. According to one embodiment of the invention, the rail system may be raised above the floor level. According to one arrangement, transfer car running rails may be provided between adjacent rows having rails. The transfer car running rails can be provided to accommodate a transfer car and allow movement between the aisle rails, and may be provided in a perpendicular orientation relative to the rails of adjacent rows. Alternatively, the transfer car running rails may be provided in a non-perpendicular orientations relative to the rails of adjacent rows. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that various orientations between the transfer car running rails and the rails of adjacent rows may be employed.
The low weight-capacity stacker crane 100 of the present invention, which operates at relatively low speeds can ensure that the rail system may be substantially lighter than those used in conventional stacker crane installations.
According to one arrangement of the invention, an upper guiding rail may be provided to engage an upper portion of the mast structure 130 at guiding rollers 325. The upper guiding rail may include a “T” shaped profile, and/or may be affixed to rack portal beams that are provided in a roof portion of a warehouse or other structure.
In order to use multiple aisles of a warehouse, either dedicated stacker cranes may be provided, one for each aisle, or the stacker crane must have the ability to move between aisles of the warehouse. There are two main methods of enabling a crane to move between aisles of a warehouse, which are to use a curved rail at the end of an aisle, or to use transfer cars which provide a base into which the crane drives at the end of an aisle. The transfer car can move on rails which extend along the ends of the aisles to align the crane with a rail extending along the length of the adjacent aisle. The crane may then exit the transfer car and move along the new warehouse aisle. There are different ways of achieving appropriate transfer car usage, including a dedicated transfer car for each crane in a warehouse, and a single transfer car for each end of a warehouse that may be called for when needed by an operator. Any of these and other suitable solutions may be employed for moving the stacker crane of the present invention between warehouse aisles, depending on the particular application.
The foregoing is provided for purposes of illustrating, explaining, and describing embodiments of this invention. Modifications and adaptations to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of this invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other components performing the same function may be suitably substituted. The scope of the invention is determined solely by the appended claims.