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徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)
摘要
起重機(jī)械廣泛應(yīng)用于工礦企業(yè)、港口碼頭、車站倉(cāng)庫(kù)、建筑工地、海洋開發(fā)、宇宙航行等各個(gè)工業(yè)部門，可以說陸地、海洋、空中、民用、軍用各個(gè)方面都有起重機(jī)械在進(jìn)行著有效的工作。
起重機(jī)械與運(yùn)輸機(jī)械發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在，已經(jīng)成為合理組織成批大量生產(chǎn)和機(jī)械化流水作業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)，是現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)的重要標(biāo)志之一。在我國(guó)四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展和各個(gè)工業(yè)部門機(jī)械化水平、勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的提高中，起重機(jī)必將發(fā)揮更大的作用。
此次設(shè)計(jì)的起重機(jī)為50/10t雙梁橋式起重機(jī)，主要用于各車間、分段生產(chǎn)線和鋼材堆場(chǎng)等處。橋式起重機(jī)本身作橫向移動(dòng)，車架上的絞車作縱向移動(dòng)，吊在絞車上的吊鉤作垂向移動(dòng)，三個(gè)方向的運(yùn)動(dòng)的合成才能使起重機(jī)起作用。為了防止橋式起重機(jī)在駕駛員看不清楚具體的吊鉤運(yùn)動(dòng)方式，地面上一般配備有起重工進(jìn)行指揮或夾、放吊鉤。
本課題主要對(duì)50/10t雙梁橋式起重機(jī)的主起升機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行總體設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)過程中查閱了大量國(guó)內(nèi)外的相關(guān)資料，所做的設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)用了大量的專業(yè)課程。首先通過確定傳動(dòng)方案，選擇滑輪組和吊鉤組，選擇合適的鋼絲繩，計(jì)算滑輪的主要尺寸，確定卷筒尺寸并驗(yàn)算其強(qiáng)度，計(jì)算高速浮動(dòng)軸，選擇合適的電動(dòng)機(jī)、減速器、制動(dòng)器和聯(lián)軸器。要求起重設(shè)備運(yùn)行平穩(wěn), 定位準(zhǔn)確, 安全可靠, 技術(shù)性能穩(wěn)定。
關(guān)鍵詞：起重機(jī)；橋式起重機(jī)；起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
Abstract
The hoisting machinery widely applies in the industrial and mining establishment, the harbor wharf, the station warehouse, the construction site, the ocean development, the astronautics and so on each industry sector, it may say that the land, the sea, airborne, civil, the military each aspect has the hoisting machinery to carry on the effective work.
The hoisting machinery and the transport machinery develops to the present, have already became the reasonable organization in groups mass productions and the mechanization streamlined production foundation, it is the one of modernized production important symbols. In our country four modernizations' development and each industry sector mechanization level, in labor productivity's enhancement, the hoist crane will certainly to play the major role.
This design of hoist crane is the 50/10t double beam bridge type hoist crane, mainly uses in various workshops, the partition production line and the steel products dump site and so on place. The bridge-type hoist crane itself makes the derailing, on frame's winch makes the longitudinal shift, hangs makes the vertical migration on winch's lift hook, three direction's movement's synthesis can cause the hoist crane to have an effect. In order to prevent the bridge-type hoist crane to look at not the clear concrete lift hook mode of motion in the pilot, as soon as in the ground is a match has the heavy industry to carry on the direction or to clamp, puts the lift hook.
This topic mainly carries on the system design to the 50/10t double beam bridge type hoist crane's host hoisting mechanism, designed in the process to consult the massive domestic and foreign correlation data, did the design has utilized the massive special courses. First through the definite transmission plan, the choice block and tackle and the lift hook group, chooses the appropriate steel wire, calculates pulley's main dimension, the definite reel size and checking calculation its intensity, the computation floats the moving axis high speed, chooses the appropriate electric motor, the reduction gear, the brake and the shaft coupling. The request hoisting equipment movement is steady, the localization is accurate, safe reliable, the technical performance is stable.
Key words crane bridge crane lifting mechanism design
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徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)
目 錄
1緒論 1
1.1起重機(jī)概述 1
1.2起重機(jī)的分類 1
1.3起升機(jī)構(gòu)介紹 2
2起重機(jī)的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 4
2.1起重機(jī)的國(guó)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 4
2.2起重機(jī)的國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 6
3橋式起重機(jī)的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)與工作級(jí)別 8
3.1橋式起重機(jī)的主要技術(shù)參數(shù) 8
3.2橋式起重機(jī)的工作級(jí)別 10
4傳動(dòng)方案的選擇 11
4.1驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置的布置方式 11
4.1.1電動(dòng)起升機(jī)構(gòu) 11
4.1.2液壓起升機(jī)構(gòu) 11
5鋼絲繩的選擇 13
5.1鋼絲繩的特性 13
5.2鋼絲繩的種類 13
5.2.1根據(jù)鋼絲繩的捻繞次數(shù)分類 13
5.2.2按鋼絲繩的捻向分類 13
5.2.3根據(jù)股的形狀分類 14
5.2.4根據(jù)股的構(gòu)造分類 14
5.2.5根據(jù)鋼絲表面處理分類 15
5.2.6根據(jù)鋼絲繩股數(shù)的數(shù)目分類 15
5.2.7根據(jù)繩芯分類 15
5.3鋼絲繩的選擇 15
6滑輪、卷筒的計(jì)算 17
6.1卷筒的構(gòu)造與類型 17
6.1.1按鋼絲繩在卷筒上的卷繞層數(shù)分類 17
6.1.2按卷筒的表面不同分類 17
6.1.3.按卷筒的制作方法分類 18
6.2卷筒、滑輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 18
6.2.1滑輪、卷筒最小直徑的確定 18
6.2.2卷筒長(zhǎng)度和厚度的計(jì)算 18
6.2.3卷筒轉(zhuǎn)速 19
6.2.4卷筒壓應(yīng)力驗(yàn)算 20
6.2.5卷筒強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 20
6.3鋼絲繩在卷筒上的固定方法 21
7初選電動(dòng)機(jī)和減速器的選擇 22
7.1初選電動(dòng)機(jī) 22
7.2減速器的選擇 22
8制動(dòng)器的選擇 24
8.1概述 24
8.2制動(dòng)裝置的分類 24
8.2.1按制動(dòng)器的結(jié)構(gòu)形式分類 24
8.2.2按制動(dòng)器工作狀態(tài)分類 25
8.2.3按制動(dòng)器的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式分類 25
8.3塊式制動(dòng)器 25
8.4塊式制動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì) 27
8.5起動(dòng)時(shí)間與起動(dòng)加速度的驗(yàn)算 29
8.6電動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)可靠性的驗(yàn)算 29
9.聯(lián)軸器的選擇和高速浮動(dòng)軸驗(yàn)算 31
9.1聯(lián)軸器選擇 31
9.2高速浮動(dòng)軸的驗(yàn)算 32
結(jié)論 33
致謝 34
參考文獻(xiàn) 35
附錄 36
附錄1 36
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