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摘要 柔性制造系統(tǒng)（FMS）是一種形式的柔性自動(dòng)化，把若干個(gè)機(jī)床聯(lián)系在一起的一個(gè)材料處理系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)的所有方面的控制都有一個(gè)中央電腦完成。這一系統(tǒng)減少了安裝或轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間和便利的生產(chǎn)小數(shù)目的產(chǎn)品。 轉(zhuǎn)移的重點(diǎn)是從大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的少數(shù)產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)化為車(chē)間作業(yè)的環(huán)境中定制訂單產(chǎn)品。The shift in emphasis is from mass production of a few products to a job-shop environment in which customized orders are manufactured. Automation allows for better quality and scheduling, rapid changes in product lines, and lower inventories and costs .自動(dòng)化設(shè)計(jì)具備更好的質(zhì)量和調(diào)度能力，使生產(chǎn)線可以快速變化，降低了庫(kù)存和成本。 柔性制造系統(tǒng)具有靈活性的特點(diǎn)，他們的裝置控制器和中央控制計(jì)算機(jī)可以復(fù)制出新的零件或改造舊零件。 They can also often make a number of different types of parts at the same time.他們也可以在同一時(shí)間內(nèi)作出多項(xiàng)不同類(lèi)型的零件。 然而，這種靈活性是有局限性的，以車(chē)軸為例， However, this flexibility is limited to a certain family of parts, for example, axles.A general goal for designers is to increase flexibility, and advanced flexible manufacturing systems are more flexible than the earlier ones.總體目標(biāo)是增加靈活性，因此柔性制造系統(tǒng)相較于從前的制造系統(tǒng)更具有靈活性。 總體來(lái)說(shuō)，柔性制造系統(tǒng)具備以下優(yōu)勢(shì)：更大的勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率：只需要具有專(zhuān)門(mén)的教育和技能的較少的工人。更大的機(jī)械效率：產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)需要較少的及其樓面面積和空間。質(zhì)量的提高：由于上線測(cè)試，使之能即時(shí)反饋信息和調(diào)整制造過(guò)程。增加了系統(tǒng)的可靠性：智能化，自診斷控制，為確定硬件問(wèn)題減少了時(shí)間。減少了部分庫(kù)存：柔性制造系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)就是柔性制造能力，在經(jīng)濟(jì)上容納不同的一批大小、甚至下降至運(yùn)行一個(gè)單一的部分。改進(jìn)調(diào)度能力：容許這些快速反應(yīng)的變化，在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)調(diào)度，有能力，以符合剛剛在時(shí)間調(diào)度，并減少前置作業(yè)時(shí)間。 適應(yīng)性的CAD\CAM行動(dòng)：數(shù)碼規(guī)格開(kāi)發(fā)的電腦輔助設(shè)計(jì)/電腦輔助制造系統(tǒng)可以作為投入的過(guò)程。 作為一個(gè)柔性制造系統(tǒng)，必須具備的關(guān)鍵要素有：計(jì)算機(jī)控制，自動(dòng)化材料處理能力，工具處理能力。柔性制造整合了自動(dòng)化制造的概念：計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)值控制個(gè)別機(jī)床，分布式數(shù)字控制的制造系統(tǒng)，自動(dòng)化物料處理系統(tǒng)，成組技術(shù)。當(dāng)這些自動(dòng)化流程，機(jī)器和觀念聚集在一個(gè)集成的系統(tǒng)，就是所謂的柔性制造系統(tǒng)。在柔性制造系統(tǒng)中，人類(lèi)和計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)揮主要作用。 關(guān)鍵字：柔性制造系統(tǒng)；靈活性；柔性制造能力；計(jì)算機(jī)控制 1. Abstract A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a form of flexible automation in which several machine tools are linked together by a material-handling system, and all aspects of the system are controlled by a central computer. Flexible manufacturing systems are flexible in the sense that their device controllers and central control computer can be reprogrammed to make new parts or old parts in new ways. They can also often make a number of different types of parts at the same time. However, this flexibility is limited to a certain family of parts, for example, axles. A general goal for designers is to increase flexibility, and advanced flexible manufacturing systems are more flexible than the earlier ones.This system reduces setup or changeover times and facilitates the production of differentiated products in small numbers. The shift in emphasis is from mass production of a few products to a job-shop environment in which customized orders are manufactured. Automation allows for better quality and scheduling, rapid changes in product lines, and lower inventories and costs. Greater labor productivity. Fewer workers requiring specialized education and skills. Greater machine efficiency. Fewer machines, less floor space and less space for operator movement. Improved quality. Less waste because on-line gauging allows immediate feedback and adjustment of the manufacturing process. Increased system reliability. Intelligent, self-diagnosing controls decrease the time required to identify and correct hardware problems. Reduced parts inventories. A key feature of flexible manufacturing is its ability to economically accommodate different batch sizes - even down to a run of a single part. Improved scheduling capabilities. These allow rapid response to changes in product design and production scheduling, the ability to conform to just-in-time scheduling, and reduced lead times. Adaptability to CAD/CAM operations. The digital specifications developed by Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing systems can serve as inputs to the process. The key elements necessary for a manufacturing system to qualify as an FMS are as follows:Computer controlautomated materials handling capabilityTool handling capabilityFlexible manufacturing integrates several automated manufacturing concepts:Computer numerical control (CNC) of individual machine toolsDistributed numerical control (DNC) of manufacturing systemsautomated materials handling systemsGroup technology (families of parts).When these automated processes, machines, and concepts are brought together in one integrated system, an FMS is the result. Humans and computers play major roles in an FMS. Keywords: flexible manufacturing system, flexible, flexible manufacturing ability, Computer controlautomated materials 目錄 摘要 （中文）……………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ （英文）……………………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ 第一章 概述.........................................................................................................1 1.1 柔性制造系統(tǒng)以及起重機(jī)…………………………………………………………………....1 1.2 研究?jī)?nèi)容…………………………………………………………………………………………5 第二章 巷式起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì).........................................................................8 2.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選擇............................................................................................8 2.2 氣動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的選擇...........................................................................................14 2.3 主軸軸承的配置...........................................................................................20 第三章 導(dǎo)軌的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì).....................................................................................24 3.1 導(dǎo)軌的作用和設(shè)計(jì)要求.................................................................................24 3.2 導(dǎo)軌設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容.....................................................................................24 3.3 導(dǎo)軌的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)............................................................................................24 第四章 PLC編程以及電路圖............................................................................36 結(jié)束語(yǔ)....................................................................................................................39 參考文獻(xiàn)................................................................................................................39 IV