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Period Four　Project Ⅰ.重點單詞 1．voyage n．航行；(尤指)航海，航天 2．orbit n．軌道；vt.沿軌道運行，圍繞……運動 3．desire n．愿望，欲望，渴望；vt.渴望，期望 4．a(chǎn)pply vi.申請；vt.使用，應(yīng)用 5．candidate n．候選人；申請人 6．survival n．幸存，存活 survive v．生存，挺過(難關(guān)) 7．status n．地位，身份 8．superior n．上級，上司；adj.更好的，更高的 9．quality n．品質(zhì)；質(zhì)量 10．optimistic adj.樂觀的，抱樂觀看法的 11．indeed adv.的確，確實 Ⅱ.重點短語 1．be in control (of sth.)掌管，控制(某物) 2．go down載入(歷史)，流傳下去 3．be proud of為……感到驕傲 4．look up to敬佩 5．live one’s dream實現(xiàn)某人的夢想 Ⅲ.重點句式 1．not only...but also...不但……而且…… They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut，but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built. 他們不僅學(xué)習(xí)成為宇航員所必修的全部科目，而且還學(xué)習(xí)生存技巧，以及關(guān)于飛船和火箭制造的所有知識。 2．強調(diào)句型 Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test，it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China’s first astronaut. 雖然楊利偉并非在每個單項測試中都得了最高分，但他各項心理測試所得的高分最終為他贏得了中國首位宇航員的身份。 Ⅰ.課文閱讀理解 1．The sentence “He had worked towards this achievement for many years.” in the first paragraph is used . A．to tell us his hard work as an astronaut B．to generalize the main idea of the first paragraph C．a(chǎn)s an introduction sentence to the following paragraphs D．a(chǎn)s a suggestion that hard work leads to success 答案　C 2．What do we know about Yang Liwei? A．He wasn’t good at science lessons as a child. B．He became an astronaut upon graduation from flight school. C．He worked as a pilot after his graduation. D．Yang Liwei got the best scores in each test before the space adventure. 答案　C 3．The author mentions “Yuri Gagarin and Alan Shepard” (in the last paragraph) in order to show . A．Yang Liwei’s high success B．Yang Liwei made the greatest contributions to space C．Yuri Gagarin was the first astronaut to fly into space D．Alan Shepard was the first astronaut to fly into space 答案　A 4．The author writes this passage in order to . A．tell us the experiences as an astronaut B．give us another example of an astronaut C．teach us how to be an astronaut D．show us how Yang Liwei achieved success 答案　D Ⅱ.課文閱讀填空 Introduction The 1.voyage took Yang Liwei 600,000 kilometres in orbit and made him China’s first 2.astronaut in space. Yang’s childhood ?He 3.desired to fly when he was a young boy. ?He loved science and technology from a young age. Yang’s way to 4．success ?He 5.joined the army and became a pilot in 1987. ?In 1998，he 6.applied to be a member of Project 921. ?The 14 members spent the next five years being 7.trained. ?He took all kinds of tests to prove he was one of the three who were fit for the Chinese space 8．a(chǎn)dventure. ?His superiors were 9.optimistic that he would succeed. Results of Yang’s exploration ?His name will go down in history. ?Chinese will take 10.pride in him. ?Young people can regard him as an example. 重點詞匯 1．He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly. 他總是懷著強烈的愿望想學(xué)習(xí)如何飛行。 desire n.欲望，愿望；vt.渴望，期望，向往 have a/no desire for sth./to do sth.有/沒有得到某物/做某事的愿望 satisfy one’s desire滿足某人的愿望 desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 注意：desire后接同位語從句或賓語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞用“(should＋)do”。 (1)He has a strong desire for power. 他有強烈的權(quán)力欲望。 (2)We desire to live in peace with our neighbours. 我們希望與鄰居和平相處。 (3)She desired her daughter to be a teacher. 她希望女兒當(dāng)老師。 (4)We desire that you (should) plete the work within 45 days. 我們希望你在45天內(nèi)完成這項工作。 [單項填空] (5)Sometimes，while living in a foreign country，one a special dish from home. A．wishes B．desires C．cooks D．brings 答案　B 解析　句意為：有時，當(dāng)一個人住在國外時，就會渴望吃到家鄉(xiāng)的特色菜。wish表示“希望，想要”，是不及物動詞；desire渴望；cook烹飪；bring帶來。根據(jù)句意選B。 2．In 1998，he applied to be a member of Project 921，which is now called Shenzhou.1998年，他申請成為“921計劃”(現(xiàn)名“神舟計劃”)的成員。 (1)apply vi.申請；vt.使用，應(yīng)用 apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申請某物 apply sth.to sth.把……應(yīng)用于…… apply oneself to (doing) sth.致力于/專心于(做)某事 (2)application n．申請 (1)She plans to apply for a job in that pany. 她計劃在那個公司申請一份工作。 (2)We should apply our knowledge to work. 我們應(yīng)該把我們的知識應(yīng)用于工作中。 (3)You will pass your exams if you apply yourself to studying.如果專心學(xué)習(xí)你就會通過考試。 (4)His application was rejected，which made him very sad.他的申請被拒絕了，這使他很難過。 (5)We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem.我們致力于找到解決問題的辦法。 3．Yang was described by his superiors as hardworking and always in control of himself.楊利偉的上司將他描述為一個勤奮刻苦、始終能夠自控的人。 superior n.上級，上司；adj.更好的，更高的，品質(zhì)優(yōu)良的；高傲的 be superior to...比……高明/高級 be superior in...在……方面占優(yōu)勢 注意：superior本身含有比較的意味，因此無比較等級，如表示比較，后面加介詞to。 (1)Your puter is far superior to mine. 你的電腦比我的好多了。 (2)The enemy were superior in numbers. 敵人在數(shù)量上占優(yōu)勢。 in control of...掌管……，控制…… in the control of...由……掌握/控制 under control(被)控制住，處于……控制之下 beyond control無法控制 out of control不受控制 lose control of失去對……的控制 (3)Only an experienced teacher could get the children under control. 只有一位有經(jīng)驗的老師才能管教住這些孩子。 (4)The government has lost control of the situation. 政府已經(jīng)無法控制形勢了。 [句型轉(zhuǎn)換] (5)The nurse is in control of the patient. →The patient is in the control of the nurse. [單項填空] (6)The car was and knocked into a tree. A．in control B．out of control C．in the control D．under control 答案　B 解析　be out of control失去控制。故選B項。 4．Because of these qualities，they were optimistic he would be successful.因為這些品質(zhì)，他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對于他將會成功持樂觀態(tài)度。 (1)quality n．質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；品德 of high/good/top quality質(zhì)量高 of low/bad/poor quality質(zhì)量差 (2)quantity n．?dāng)?shù)量 (1)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are used for cooking.每天他確保新鮮蔬菜和高質(zhì)量的食用油用于烹調(diào)。 (2)What matters is quality rather than quantity. 重要的是質(zhì)量而不是數(shù)量。 (3)Our products are of high/good/top quality. 我們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好。 (4)This product looks nice，but poor in quality. 這種產(chǎn)品表面看起來很好，質(zhì)量卻很差。 optimistic adj.樂觀的，樂觀主義的 be optimistic (5)We should be optimistic about our future no matter what happens.不管發(fā)生什么事情，我們都應(yīng)該對未來持樂觀態(tài)度。 (6)The experts are optimistic that we will succeed. 專家對我們的成功持樂觀態(tài)度。 5．The people of China can be proud of Yang Liwei，and young people all over the world can look up to him as an example of a man who managed to live his dream. 中國人民以楊利偉而自豪，全世界的年輕人也會把他視為努力實現(xiàn)夢想的榜樣。 look up to尊敬，仰慕；仰望 look up (某人的情況、生意等)好轉(zhuǎn)，改善；(低頭看某物時)抬頭往上看(from...) look sb.up(尤指在久別之后)看望；拜訪某人 look sth.up查閱；檢查 look down on/upon輕視；瞧不起 look forward to盼望；期盼 look back on回顧 (1)The scientist is very great and all Chinese look up to her. 這位科學(xué)家非常了不起，所有的中國人都尊敬她。 (2)Be careful！Don’t always look up to the sky. 小心！別老是抬頭看天。 (3)On my way home，I looked him up. 在回家的路上，我去看望了他。 (4)I’m looking forward to your reply. 我盼望你的回復(fù)。 [單項填空] (5)Don’t him just because he hasn’t been as successful as you. A．look down on B．look down for C．look up D．look up to 答案　A 解析　句意為：不要僅僅因為他不如你成功就看不起他。look down on看不起，符合題意。 live one’s dream實現(xiàn)某人的夢想(live在此為“實踐，身體力行”之意) live a(n)...life過著……的生活 live by...靠……(手段、方式)生活 live on...以……為生；以……為主食 live up to遵守，實踐(諾言、原則)等；符合，不辜負(fù)(期望) (6)Now，after winning an Olympic gold medal，he has lived his dream.現(xiàn)在，他贏得了一枚奧運金牌，已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。 (7)In order that my child can live a better life，I have to work more. 為了讓我的孩子過得更好，我得多干點。 (8)Sheep live on grass. 羊以吃草為生。 (9)Don’t expect others to live up to their promises and you won’t be disappointed. 別指望別人遵守諾言，這樣你就不至于失望。 經(jīng)典句式 They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut，but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built.他們不僅學(xué)習(xí)成為宇航員所必修的全部科目，而且還學(xué)習(xí)生存技巧，以及關(guān)于飛船和火箭制造的所有知識。 not only...but (also)...表示“不但……而且……”。其用法如下： (1)語法功能：連接平行結(jié)構(gòu)——名詞、代詞、動詞(短語)、非謂語動詞、介詞短語、句子等。 (2)主謂一致：它連接的兩個并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞與but (also)后的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 (3)倒裝：not only位于句首時，其后的分句要用部分倒裝，but (also)后的分句保持不變。 (1)The area was not only hit by a heavy rain，but (also) struck by a powerful earthquake.這個地區(qū)不僅遭遇了一場大雨，而且還發(fā)生了強烈的地震。 (2)Not only you but (also) she has to attend the ceremony.不只是你，她也必須參加典禮。 [單項填空] (3)Not only a writer but he was an artist for a time. A．he is B．he was C．is he D．was he 答案　D 解析　not only放在句首時，其后的分句要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，又由于后面用的是過去時態(tài)，前面的謂語需和后面的時態(tài)保持一致，因此選D。  Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．His only chance of survival was a big operation. 2．He stood as a candidate(候選人) in the local elections. 3．How many satellites have been put into orbit around the earth? 4．Doctors have high status in most countries. 5．For products，quality is more important than quantity. 6．He has no desire(欲望) to go abroad at this time. 7．I’m going to plain to your superior(上級)． 8．The voyage(航海) took them three days to America. Ⅱ.選詞填空 9．I think he is fit for the job. 10．Do you believe we are in control of our destiny? 11．He will go down in history as a great statesman. 12．They all look up to him as their leader. 13．Most people in that country live on rice. Ⅲ.完成句子 14．這位老人一直致力于幫助無家可歸的人。 The old man has been applying himself to helping the homeless. 15．只工作不玩耍，聰明的孩子也變傻。 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 16．這是那位老師推薦的書嗎？ Is this the book remended by the teacher? 17．我不僅認(rèn)識她，還是她最好的朋友。 Not only do I know her，but (also) I am her best friend. 18．是詹姆斯要去上海出差。 It is James that/who is leaving for Shanghai on business. Ⅳ.單項填空 19．The puter was used in teaching.As a result，not only ，but students became more interested in the lessons. A．was teachers’ energy saved B．saved was teachers’ energy C．teachers’ energy was saved D．was saved teachers’ energy 答案　A 解析　當(dāng)not only...but(also)...連接兩個并列句且not only用于句首時，not only后的分句需用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A。 20．You should the situation before taking action. A．take control of B．in control of C．lose control of D．under the control of 答案　A 解析　句意為：在采取行動之前你應(yīng)該控制局面。此處填謂語，排除了B、D兩項；take control of控制；lose control of失去控制。根據(jù)句意選A項。 21．After 15 years in the USA，he has finally decided to American citizenship. A．concentrate on B．a(chǎn)pply for C．look out for D．a(chǎn)ppeal to 答案　B 解析　由句意“他最后決定申請美國國籍”可知，選B項。apply for申請。 22．Beethoven is my favourite musician.I regard him as other musicians. A．superior to B．more superior C．more superior than D．superior 答案　A 解析　考查superior的用法。be superior to優(yōu)于……，比……更好。選A。 23．When I my achievements，I couldn’t help feeling excited. A．look back on B．cut back on C．go back on D．date back to 答案　A 解析　句意為：當(dāng)我回顧我的成就時，我禁不住感到興奮。look back on回顧，符合句意。 Ⅴ.微寫作 寫作素材(關(guān)于求職申請) 1．我想申請這份工作因為我渴望改變一下工作環(huán)境。 2．盡管我對我目前的工作很滿意，但我想挑戰(zhàn)我自己。 3．我開朗自信，希望我能滿足你們的要求。 提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達。 補全短文 I want to 24.apply for the job because I 25.desire to change my working conditions.Though I’m 26.content with my present job，I want to challenge myself.I am 27.outgoing and confident and I hope I can satisfy your 28.requirements. Ⅰ.單項填空 1．—Where did you find the wallet I lost yesterday? —It was on the playground we played basketball. A．that B．where C．which D．when 答案　B 解析　句意為：——你在哪里找到我昨天丟失的錢包的？——正是在我們打籃球的操場上(找到的)。此處是強調(diào)句型的省略句，省略了that I found the wallet you lost yesterday，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作地點狀語，故選B。 2．The reason why I like Sandy is that he can always stay and find ways to handle it in the face of trouble. A．optimistic B．outgoing C．curious D．upset 答案　A 解析　句意為：我喜歡Sandy的原因是，在困難面前他總能保持樂觀并找到處理的辦法。optimistic樂觀的；outgoing性格外向的；curious好奇的；upset不安的。 3．—How is everything? —Everything is and the boss is very satisfied. A．under the control B．under control C．in control D．beyond control 答案　B 解析　答語句意為：一切盡在掌控中，老板很滿意。under control在控制中；in control控制著，主語是sb.；beyond control無法控制。 4．Now a lot of new technologies can problems in industry. A．be applied to solve B．be applied to solving C．a(chǎn)pply to solve D．a(chǎn)pply to solving 答案　B 解析　apply...to...表示“把……應(yīng)用到……”，其中to為介詞。此題中主語a lot of new technologies與apply...to...之間為被動關(guān)系，故選B。 5．I can’t imagine an old man over seventy succeeding in his across the Atlantic in a boat. A．journey B．tour C．voyage D．trip 答案　C 解析　voyage指遠距離的水上旅行，符合句意。 6．After the traffic accident，no one except a few people who were badly injured. A．survive B．survived C．was survived D．was surviving 答案　B 解析　句意為：交通事故后，除了幾個受重傷的人外，沒有人存活下來。從句意分析可知，此處survive應(yīng)表示“幸存”的意思，是不及物動詞，不能用被動語態(tài)；再根據(jù)who引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的were可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故選B。 7．—Didn’t you have a good time at the party? —Of course I did.As a matter of fact，I had such fun that time seemed to so quickly. A．go by B．go away C．go out D．go down 答案　A 解析　這里指“事實上，我玩得太開心了，時間似乎很快就過去了”。go by流逝；go away走開；go out出去，熄滅；go down下沉，沉沒。 8．Of the two books，I think this one is that one. A．more superior than B．superior to C．superior than D．more superior to 答案　B 解析　句意為：在這兩本書中，我認(rèn)為這本比那本更好。superior為無比較等級的形容詞，若表示比較，只需借助介詞to即可。be superior to比……好，比……高明，優(yōu)于。 9．Not only but also most of their boring or difficult work is unnoticed. A．mothers are not paid B．mothers are paid C．a(chǎn)re mothers not paid D．a(chǎn)re mothers paid 答案　C 解析　not only位于句首，其后分句用部分倒裝，排除A、B兩項，由句意“母親們不僅得不到報酬而且她們乏味而困難的工作大多得不到關(guān)注”，故選C項。 10．The young should the old and shouldn’t those who are disabled. A．look up on；look down on B．look up to；look down on C．look up on；look down to D．look up to；look down to 答案　B 解析　句意為：年輕人應(yīng)尊敬老人，不應(yīng)歧視殘疾人。look up to尊敬，向上看；look down on瞧不起，向下看。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A (2018南京師大附中高一上檢測) Teenagers have a new shape these days.They are about 20 pounds heavier than they were 60 years ago.They are about four inches taller，too.These facts e from J．M.Tanner，a professor in England. J．M.Tanner has been measuring people from all over the world.He has also studied people’s growth records of the past 100 years. “Kids today are bigger than ever before，” he says.“Today’s nineyearolds look like elevenyearolds back in 1900.” According to Tanner，adults also are taller than ever before.But the biggest change can be seen in young people.That’s because boys used to keep on growing until they reached age 26.But today they stop growing at 18 or 19.Most girls stop growing even earlier.So today’s teenagers are bigger than 26yearolds of 60 years ago. What is causing this change？Professor Tanner says it’s proper food.A good diet alone cannot make you grow beyond your natural limits.Your final height is partly caused by the height of your parents and grandparents.But eating proper food can help you reach your final height—and reach it early in life. Will people keep on getting bigger？Will we have a race of giants？NO—at least not if the US is an example.Tanner says that we have eaten proper food for years，and our growth rate has already begun to level off. 語篇解讀　根據(jù)英國一位教授的研究結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在青少年的體形變了，他們的身高和體重比60年前的青少年都增加了很多。原因是現(xiàn)在的飲食水平提高了。 11．This article is mainly about . A．the improvement of teenagers’ tastes B．the improvement of teenagers’ diet C．the change of teenagers’ behavior D．the change of teenagers’ shape 答案　D 解析　主旨大意題。本文在第一段點出主題：Teenagers have a new shape these days。下文具體介紹了青少年的體形變化及其原因。故選D。 12．The statement that proves that teenagers have a new shape these days is that . A．J.M.Tanner has been measuring people from all over the world B．a(chǎn)ccording to Tanner，adults are also taller than ever before C．teenagers are heavier and taller than they were 60 years ago D．they stop growing at 18 or 19 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項僅指出了研究對象，并不能證明題干觀點，故排除A項；題干是關(guān)于青少年體形變化的，故排除B項；根據(jù)文中第四段可知D項沒有切中要點，故排除；根據(jù)文中的首段第二句和第四段前兩句可知，C項全面地證明了青少年的體形新變化。 B (2018南京高一上期末) For many people，moths are swarming，dustcolored pests that eat our clothes and disturb us by flying around lights after dark.Not for artist Joseph Scheer.The images he creates bring out the beauty of moths，with colors，shapes，and patterns that have never been seen so clearly before.“Digital tools let you see things you’d never see just looking with your eyes，” Scheer says.Scheer’s images have been displayed around the world，and one reaction is heard everywhere：“People insist，‘No，that can’t be a moth，’” says Scheer.One Swiss viewer credited the insects’ lovely variety to his exotic American origin.“We don’t have such nice moths in our country，” he declared.In fact，every country has moths that can amaze. The process began with a moth hunt in the state of New York.Scheer would leave the lights on and the windows open overnight at his university office，then collect the moths that had flown in when he returned in the morning.When the building cleaners at the university plained，he moved the hunt to his friend Mark Klingensmith’s yard.“Mark’s a gardener with lots of stuff growing on his property，” Scheer says.“Moths like it.” They set up two lights shining over a plastic container on a white sheet.Then they watched，surprised，as moths appeared from the darkness，flew carelessly into the sheet，and fell into the plastic container.“We got a different species every night that first season，” Scheer says.“The patterns and colors were overwhelming.” Using a powerful scanner designed for camera film，they were able to capture detailed pictures of moths.Small moths present special challenges.“One twitch of the finger and there goes a wing，” says Scheer.“I try to drink less coffee when I’m working on them.” The scanner records so much information that a single moth can take 20 minutes to scan.A scan of just two small moths fills an entire CD.All that information means the size of the image can be increased 2,700 percent but still retain all the details and appear perfectly clear.You’d need a microscope to see the details shown in Scheer’s prints. Scheer’s work is not only a new form of art.He can also be congratulated for making a valuable contribution to the record of moths where he lives.He has helped identify more than a thousand different species.“Not from Alaska or the Amazon，” Klingensmith says.“All from one backyard.” 13．What do people mean by saying “No，that can’t be a moth”？ A．The images are not those of moths. B．The moths can only be found in American. C．The images seem too beautiful to be moths. D．The moths can’t be found everywhere. 答案　C 解析　句意理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The images he creates bring out the beauty of moths，with colors，shapes，and patterns that have never been seen so clearly before.”可知，飛蛾變得美麗，顛覆了人們以往的認(rèn)知，所以是不敢相信飛蛾會那么美麗。故選C。 14．It can be inferred that Scheer tried to drink less coffee when he was arranging moths on a scanner in order to . A．keep his eyes focused B．keep his fingers twitched C．keep his hands still D．keep his mind clear 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“‘One twitch of the finger and there goes a wing，’says Scheer.‘I try to drink less coffee when I’m working on them.’”可知，他這樣做是為了防止手顫動，保持手不動。故選C。 15．The underlined word “overwhelming” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “ ”． A．interesting B．a(chǎn)mazing C．confusing D．discouraging 答案　B 解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文對飛蛾的贊美，可以排除C、D兩項；此處表示對飛蛾形狀和顏色的贊嘆。故選B。 16．The images keep all the details even when increased 2,700 percent because . A．there is a great deal of information on the CD B．the moths have very bright colors and clear patterns C．high quality paint is used to create images D．a(chǎn) microscope is used to examine the details of images 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The scanner records so much information that a single moth can take 20 minutes to scan.A scan of just two small moths fills an entire CD.”可知，CD中有非常多的信息。故選A。