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Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained 試題出處 試題信息 語(yǔ)篇概要 文化品格 2016江蘇卷 閱讀理解C 介紹厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的由來、影響及危害，希望人們對(duì)厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。 了解自然，探索自然，降低自然災(zāi)害造成的損失。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 El Nio，a Spanish term for “the Christ child，” was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Nio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round. The weather effects，both good and bad，are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balance，than they lose.A study found that a strong Nio in 199798 helped America’s economy grow by 15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural ines in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones. But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multiyear drought(干旱) in southeast Brazil is being worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters. The most recent powerful Nio，in 199798，killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth 36 billion around the globe.But such Nios e with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI)，however，just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction. Simple improvements to infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors，civil conflict is related to El Nio’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country，the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided munities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio，reducing their losses needs to be the priority. 61．What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1? A．It is named after a South American fisherman. B．It takes place almost every year all over the world. C．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas. D．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“El Nio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.”可知，在海洋厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象發(fā)生時(shí)會(huì)有洋流的變化。 62．What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected? A．Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall. B．Droughts bee more harmful than floods. C．Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses. D．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balance，than they lose.”可知，富裕國(guó)家因厄爾尼諾得到的東西要比它們失去的多。 63．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that . A．more investment should go to risk reduction B．governments of poor countries need more aid C．victims of El Nio deserve more pensation D．recovery and reconstruction should e first 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句中的“...however，just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance...”可知，以往政府對(duì)減少風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的投入太少，應(yīng)該加大投資以降低厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象造成的損失。 64．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To introduce El Nio and its origin. B．To explain the consequences of El Nio. C．To show ways of fighting against El Nio. D．To urge people to prepare for El Nio. 答案　D 解析　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是最后一段倒數(shù)第二句中的“helping divided munities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk...”可判斷出，作者寫這篇文章的目的是呼吁人們?yōu)槎驙柲嶂Z現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生做好準(zhǔn)備。