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Unit 13 People 課時練1　閱讀理解提速練 閱讀理解 A (2018煙臺診斷)Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare in their munity tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people, according to a study from Berlin, Germany. “Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents’ health. This link could be deeply rooted in our evolutionary past when help with childcare was important for the survival of the human species，” said Sonja Hilbrand, one of the researchers. The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70. Overall, after accounting for grandparents’ age and general state of health, the risk of dying over a 20year period was onethird lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren，pared with grandparents who provided no childcare. Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasn’t relative. Half of all childless seniors who provided support to friends or neighbors lived for seven years after the study began, while nonhelpers lived for four years on average. “Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society. Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，” said Professor Bruno Arpino. Arpino noted, however, that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health and that too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working, being in social clubs, or volunteering.“Children should take__into__account their parents’ needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，” he suggested. “It is very important that every individual decides for himself/herself, what ‘proper amounts of help’ means，” Hilbrand said, adding, “As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity(強度) of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.” 【解題導語】　德國柏林一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，祖父母適當?shù)貛兔φ疹檶O輩比不照顧孫輩的老年人壽命長。 1．What is the caregiving study based on? A．Human evolutionary history. B．Demand of modern society. C．Social contact between relatives. D．Data on many elderly people. D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句可知，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是從對500多個70歲以上的老人的數(shù)據(jù)分析得來的。故選D項。 2．In Arpino’s opinion, childcare________． A．is sure to keep old people away from illnesses B．a(chǎn)llows old people to live a more meaningful life C．creates more job opportunities for old people D．makes social activities inaccessible to old people B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的“Arpino’s opinion”定位至文章第五段中的“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society.”可知，看護小孩讓看護人覺得生活有了目的，因為他們覺得自己對他人和社會是有用的，也就是說，看護小孩可以使他們感覺生活得有意義。故選B項。 3．What does the underlined part “take into account” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Limit.　　　　　　　　 B．Ignore. C．Favor. D．Consider. D　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第六段中的“too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities”及下文的“...their parents’ needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare”可知，過多的照看責任會使老人無法從事其他有意義的活動，所以孩子應考慮老人的需求、意愿和渴求，同意他們照顧孩子的時間長度和強度的選擇。由此可猜測，take into account意為“考慮”，與consider意義相近。故選D項。 4．What does the last paragraph tell us? A．Grandparents can do anything in their own interests. B．Grandparents should share more social responsibilities. C．Proper amounts of childcare do good to grandparents. D．Caregiving guarantees every grandparent a longer life. C　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity(強度) of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.”可知，只要你幫忙的強度不會讓你感到有壓力，這對他人、對你自己都是有好處的。由此可知，適當?shù)卣疹櫺『ψ娓改赣泻锰?。故選C項。 B (2018石家莊高三模擬)Too Good To Go is a smartphone app which allows restaurants to sell food that would otherwise be thrown away at discount prices from as little as 2 to a maximum of 3.80, even if the meals are sold from the very finest restaurants in the country. Originally created in Denmark and launched in Brighton and Leeds in June, the service has recently been introduced into the United Kingdom by a couple of young entrepreneurs(企業(yè)家)． Millions of tons of foods are thrown in the trash every year, with restaurants accounting for a large part, so ecoentrepreneurs Chris Wilson and Jamie Crummie came up with the good idea to stop food waste. Using Too Good To Go not only helps restaurants save expense, but gives people in need the chance to order fancy dishes at low prices. Too Good To Go is very convenient for users. Restaurants make food available on the Too Good To Go app and website. People can look through the available dishes on the smartphones, pay for them using a credit card and pick them up at a set time, an hour before closing time. Although Too Good To Go does take a fee from restaurants for each sale, its creators say the end goal is to use it for restaurants to solve their waste management problem, rather than making a profit. Wilson claims, “The idea is that restaurants stop producing the extra food so they don’t need to throw it away in the trash, and we really want to put ourselves out of business by stopping food waste.” Birmingham has bee the latest city where restaurants can reduce food waste to the lowest limit by working with the Too Good To Go social enterprise app. 【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了Too Good To Go這款手機軟件，它可以幫助飯店以較低的價格處理要扔掉的食物，這樣既避免了浪費，又給那些需要的人提供了可口的食物。 5．Where was Too Good To Go originally launched? A．In Denmark. B．In Brighton. C．In Birmingham. D．In the U．S. B　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Originally created in Denmark and launched in Brighton and Leeds”可知，這款軟件最初是在Denmark創(chuàng)造出來，在Brighton和Leeds發(fā)起的，故選B項。 6．What’s the app intended to do? A．Make a profit by selling food on the website. B．Allow restaurants to sell food at low prices. C．Help restaurants to deal with leftover food. D．Call on restaurants to save food and money. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“...so ecoentrepreneurs Chris Wilson and Jamie Crummie came up with the good idea to stop food waste... but gives people in need the chance to order fancy dishes at low prices.”可知，這款軟件的目的是阻止食物浪費，不僅幫助飯店節(jié)省費用，而且給那些需要的人提供一個低價品嘗好菜的機會，故選C項。 7．How did the creators of the app make profits? A．By selling copies of the app. B．By taking a fee from buyers. C．By charging restaurants for each sale. D．By getting donations from entrepreneurs. C　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Although Too Good To Go does take a fee from restaurants for each sale”可知，該軟件的創(chuàng)造者是通過向飯店的每一單生意收費來賺錢的，因此選C項。 8．What can we infer from the text? A．People can pay less money for a rich meal. B．The app is mainly designed to help the poor. C．Dishes can be sold to make a lot of profits. D．People can get their ordered food at home. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Too Good To Go...in the country.”和第二段中的“Using Too Good To Go not only helps restaurants save expense, but gives people in need the chance to order fancy dishes at low prices.”可以推知，由于Too Good To Go 軟件的出現(xiàn)，人們可以花比較少的錢吃一頓豐盛的飯，故選A項。 C (2018湖南長沙高三模擬)A new study by the British government has discovered the mental health of the country’s teenage girls has bee worse. The survey, which included 30，000 14yearold students in 2005 and 2014, showed 37 percent of girls with psychological stress, up from 34 percent in 2005.British boys’ stress level was actually seen to fall over the same time period，from 17 percent to 15 percent. The report’s authors pointed out the “advent of the social media age” could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls. “The adolescent years are a time of rapid physical，cognitive(認知的) and emotional development，” Pam Ramsden, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom, wrote in a recent blog post. “Teenagers interact with people in order to learn how to bee petent(有能力的) adults.In the past，they would engage with parents，teachers and other adults in their munity as well as extended family members and friends. Now we can also add social media to that list of social and emotional development.” Throughout adolescence，girls and boys develop characteristics like confidence and selfcontrol.Since teenage brains have not pletely developed，teens don’t have the cognitive awareness and impulse(沖動) control to keep from posting inappropriate content.Furthermore，this content can easily be spread far and wide with disastrous influences. “Social media can also feed into girls’ insecurities about their appearance，” Ramsden said.These sites are often filled with images of people with body type unattainable to the normal person.However，these images and the messages tied to them gradually bee societal standards. 【解題導語】　一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國女孩的心理健康狀況變得更糟；分析表明，社交媒體時代的到來可能是造成英國女孩心理壓力加大的主要因素。 9．The statistics in the second paragraph show that__________． A．more and more children in Britain have mental health problems B．few girls in Britain suffered from psychological stress in 2005 C．more boys in Britain are suffering from mental pressure now D．more British girls feel psychologically stressed than boys do now D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句可知，調(diào)查顯示，2014年37%的英國女孩有心理壓力，而2005年只有34%；根據(jù)第二段的第二句可知，同期調(diào)查顯示，英國男孩有心理壓力的從2005年的17%降到2014年的15%。據(jù)此可以判斷，英國女孩有心理壓力的比男孩多，故D項正確。 10．Contrary to traditional ways of interaction, social media________． A．helps teenagers develop qualities like confidence and selfcontrol B．has many negative effects on girls’ characteristic development C．makes teens aware of potential danger of the inappropriate content D．teaches girls to care about their appearance to meet societal standards B　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的最后一句和最后一段第一句的“Social media can also feed into girls’ insecurities about their appearance” 可知，由于青少年的思想還不成熟，自控能力有限，社交媒體對英國女孩的心理健康和她們對外表美丑的判斷產(chǎn)生了消極的影響。故B項正確。 11．The underlined word “advent” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”． A．a(chǎn)rrival　　　　　　　 B．end C．disappearance D．invention A　解析：詞義猜測題。結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容和下文關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)交流方式和社交媒體的比較可知，報告的作者指出，“社交媒體時代的到來”可能是造成英國女孩心理壓力增加的主要因素。據(jù)此可知，畫線詞意為“到來”，故A項正確。 D (2018合肥高三調(diào)研性檢測)In our everyday lives we meet situations in which we take many things for granted. We only treasure things when they are gone. This is a sad truth of human nature. One day, I found myself as a witness to a similar situation. One evening, I left work and boarded the train. After entering, I noticed something unusual. The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowded with people standing. I didn’t pay much attention and sat down on one of the empty seats. I sensed a funny smell. It wasn’t long before I noticed a homeless person sleeping on three seats in front of me. He was bleeding from his nose. Why wasn’t anyone helping him? His clothes were torn and he was giving off a strange smell. Along with the smell, his eyes were dull, watery, and red. Occasionally he scratched himself and people looked at him as if he had mitted a crime. As the train stopped at stations and more people came in they covered their noses and faced away from him. All the seats around him were empty. Suddenly, he began to swear at the people around him. A plainclothes police officer who looked like a construction worker took out his certificate and showed it to the homeless man. The officer, not wanting to touch the homeless man, told him his rights and directed him to exit the train. As the officer walked the man out of the train, the homeless man turned around and said “MY HOME！” and started crying. A man doesn’t value things until they are gone. If he didn’t have a home, at least he had freedom. Now he has neither. No one wants to help someone who won’t help himself. 【解題導語】　本文是一篇記敘文。乘坐火車時，“我”發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個流浪漢，他衣衫襤褸，身上散發(fā)異味，乘客們避而遠之。突然，他開始咒罵他周圍的乘客。后來流浪漢被便衣警察帶走，他不僅沒有家，這一次還失去了自由。 12．When entering the car, how did the author feel at first? A．Annoyed.　　　　　　 B．Puzzled. C．Sad. D．Calm. B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句可知，車廂中部有一些空座位，而兩頭卻擠滿了站著的人；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”感到很困惑，故B項正確。 13．How did people react to the homeless man? A．They caught him and called the police. B．They covered him with clean clothes. C．They disliked and avoided him. D．They stared at him curiously. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句可知，車廂中部有一些空座位，而兩頭卻擠滿了站著的人；根據(jù)第三段第三句可知，流浪漢偶爾抓撓自己，人們看著他，好像他曾經(jīng)犯罪了一樣；據(jù)此可以判斷，人們不喜歡他，避免和他接觸，故C項正確。 14．It can be learned that the policeman________． A．was very rude to the man B．sent the man back to his hometown C．forced the man to leave the city D．went off the train with the man D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中的 可知，警官最后帶著這個流浪漢走下了火車，故D項正確。 15．What does the author think of the homeless man? A．He is a loser of life. B．He is worth our respect. C．He is very funny. D．He is a fearless fighter. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二、第三句可知，如果他沒有家，至少他還有自由，如今他兩個都沒有了。據(jù)此可以判斷，他是一個生活的失敗者，故A項正確。 七選五 (2018臨沂模擬)College visits are important.1.________. Also, before you mit years of your life and thousands of dollars to a school, make sure you’re choosing a place that suits you best. Below are a few tips for getting the most out of your college visit. ? Explore on your own 2．________. So try to walk the extra miles and get the plete picture of the campus on your own. When you visit the student center, academic buildings and residence halls, take a few minutes to read the bulletin boards(告示板). They provide a quick and easy way to see what’s happening on campus. ? Eat in the dining hall and sleep in the dorm You can get a good feel for student life by eating in the dining hall. Is the food good? Are there adequate healthy options? And if it’s at all possible, spend a night at the college. 3.________． ? 4.________ If you know what you want to study, have a conference with a professor and students in that field. You’ll get to observe other students in your field and see how engaged they are in classroom discussion. They will give you an opportunity to see if the major really matches you. 5.________． Lastly, if you’re paring several schools, be sure to record your feelings during the visit. They may help you carry on further study before making your final decision. A．You can’t get the “feel” of a school from any guidebook B．For one, they help demonstrate your interest in a school C．The trained tour guides will show you a school’s selling points D．Most colleges don’t allow visitors to drop in on class unannounced E．Visit a class in your major and talk with a professor and lots of students F．Nothing will give you a better sense of student life than a night in the dorm G．If you haven’t decided on a major yet, more visits to different major classes are necessary 【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文。要想了解一所大學，最好能自己在學校逗留一段時間，了解飲食住宿、課外活動，再通過聽課來了解下與專業(yè)相關(guān)的情況等。 1．B　解析：根據(jù)文章主旨句“College visits are important.”可知，去校園參觀對了解一所大學很重要。結(jié)合下文中的“Also”和語境可知，此處指校園參觀很重要的原因。B項“一方面它們有助于證實你對一所學校的興趣”承上啟下，符合語境。故選B。 2．C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“extra miles”和“get the plete picture”可知，你還要獨自在校園多走走，靠你自己了解整個校園。由此推知，C項“受過專業(yè)培訓的導游會向你展示學校的賣點”能引起下文，符合語境。故選C。 3．F　解析：根據(jù)本段小標題可知，本段寫的是通過在食堂吃東西和在宿舍睡覺來進一步了解學校。結(jié)合“spend a night at the college”可知，F(xiàn)項“沒有什么比在宿舍睡一個晚上能讓你對學生生活有更深的認知了”符合語境。故選F。 4．E　解析：空格處為本段小標題，應是對本段內(nèi)容的概括。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，E項“去一個你要學的專業(yè)的班級與教授和本專業(yè)的學生進行溝通”是對本段的概括。故選E。 5．G　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“see if the major really matches you”可知，此處指看看這個專業(yè)是不是真的適合你。G項“如果你還決定不了要學的專業(yè)，多看看不同專業(yè)的課堂(學習)是很有必要的”承接上文，符合語境。故選G。