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Unit 17 Laughter 課時(shí)練1　閱讀理解提速練 閱讀理解 A (2018成都高中畢業(yè)班摸底測(cè)試)The world record holder for the number of university degrees is a 70yearold Italian. Mr.Luciano Baietti lives in the town of Velletri near Rome and spends his days walking around his small house and garden.But every morning as early as 3 o’clock，he pulls out his textbooks and starts studying. He now holds 15 bachelors or master’s degrees from universities across Italy，and is already attempting his 16th.　 “Thanks to books，I feel free，”he tells the BBC journalists.“After all，the words share the same root，”he says，referring to the Italian words libro(book)and libero(free)．The certificates proving his talent hang on the walls of his study，showing people that he was writing new pages in the Guinness Book of Records.In 2002 he got his eighth degree in motor skills.And before that he already had degrees in sociology，literature，law，political science and philosophy，most from Rome’s famous La Sapienza University, one of the oldest in the world. Since then，he has added seven other degrees to his list，including one in criminology(犯罪學(xué))，one in military strategies and the latest one in tourism in February 2017.All of these three were from online universities. “Each time I set myself a new challenge to see how far my body and my brain can go，”says Mr.Baietti. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。來自意大利的70歲的Luciano Baietti先生是已獲得大學(xué)學(xué)位總數(shù)最多的世界紀(jì)錄保持者。 1．What can we know about Mr.Baietti from the passage? A．He has a wide range of learning. B．He is the oldest world record holder. C．He has got crazy about getting degrees. D．He got all his degrees by going to school. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三至五段可以推斷Luciano Baietti先生的學(xué)習(xí)范圍非常廣泛。a wide range of意思是“廣泛的，多種多樣的”，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。 2．Why has Mr.Baietti tried to get so many degrees? A．To show his talent. B．To challenge himself. C．To bee popular. D．To break the world record. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Each time I set myself a new challenge to see how far my body and my brain can go”可知選項(xiàng)B正確。 3．Where does this passage most probably e from? A．A newspaper.　　　　　 B．A biography. C．A travel magazine. D．A story book. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文尤其是第四段Luciano Baietti先生接受BBC采訪的信息可以推斷本文應(yīng)該是一篇新聞報(bào)道。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。 B (2018南昌模擬)Next time you are blamed for bad behavior, mainly blame it on the whole apple, pear or any other uncut food that your parents packed in your lunch box.That’s because biting into anything that requires the use of the front teeth, is likely to cause rude behavior in kids! At least that’s the conclusion some researchers from Cornell University have made, after observing the behavior of 12 students at a summer camp. The researchers began by dividing the students into two groups.On the first day, one group was given chicken on the bone.The other was provided with the same chicken cut into delicious, bite－size pieces so that the only way to eat it was with a fork.The following day, the food was exchanged, so that the first group received the small pieces and forks, while the second, enjoyed the chicken on the bone.Each day the camp counselors also gave the kids strict instructions to let them stay within a circle with a 9－foot radius. The researcher recorded both the meal time and then asked behavioral experts to evaluate what happened.They agreed that the kids that were required to bite the food were twice as likely to show aggressive behavior and disobey the adults, as those that focused on eating their food with forks.Of course, the latter also showed some rude behavior.If that isn’t bad enough, the former group was also more likely to leave their special circle and even, stand and jump on the picnic tables! This has made Mr.Wansink, who led the research and his team, conclude that for some reasons, kids that bite into their food are more likely to exhibit bad behavior than those forced to eat with forks.Therefore, he advises parents to cut up the food they serve to their kids to enjoy a peaceful meal! 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，孩子吃東西的方式可能會(huì)影響他們的行為舉止。 4．What probably results in kids’ bad behavior? A．The way kids bite into food. B．The way food is cooked. C．The unhealthy food kids eat. D．Their attitude toward the food. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句That’s because biting into anything that requires the use of the front teeth, is likely to cause rude behavior in kids！可知，孩子表現(xiàn)粗魯和吃東西的方式有關(guān)。故選A。 5．Paragraph 2 mainly shows ________． A．the result of the research B．the time on the research C．the way the research went on D．the difficulties the research faced C　解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，研究者做了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，主要是為了研究孩子的粗魯表現(xiàn)是否和吃東西的方式有關(guān)。在實(shí)驗(yàn)中孩子們被分成兩組，然后在兩天里分別用不同的方式吃東西。故本段主要寫的是實(shí)驗(yàn)方式。故選C。 6．What can we learn about the students at the summer camp? A．They enjoyed the food there very much. B．They exhibited different levels of rude behavior. C．They were asked to bite the food with care. D．They were likely to behave badly frequently. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句They agreed that the kids that were required to bite the food were twice as likely to show aggressive behavior and disobey the adults, as those that focused on eating their food with forks.可知，因吃飯方式的不同，兩組孩子粗魯?shù)男袨槌霈F(xiàn)的次數(shù)明顯不同。故選B。 7．What does Mr.Wansink advise parents to do? A．To eat with their kids often. B．To teach their kids how to eat food. C．To serve their kids with small pieces of food. D．To show their kids good behavior often. C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Therefore, he advises parents to cut up the food they serve to their kids to enjoy a peaceful meal！可知，Wansink先生建議家長把孩子吃的食物切成小塊。故選C。 C (2018江西贛中南五校聯(lián)考)In its early history，Chicago had floods frequently，especially in the spring，making the streets so muddy that people，horses and carts got stuck.An old joke that was popular at the time went like this：A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street.Asked if he needs help，he replies，“No，thanks.I’ve got a good horse under me.” The city planner decided to build an underground drainage(排水) system，but there simply wasn’t enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level.The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city. An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.This raised the level of the city’s streets by as much as 12 feet. This of course created a new problem：dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice：either change the first floors of their buildings into basements，and the second stories into mainfloors，or hoist(吊起) the entire buildings to meet the new street level.Small woodframe buildings could be lifted fairly easily.But what about large，heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a sixstory brick building? That’s where George Pullman came in.He had developed some housemoving skills successfully.To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel，Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤頂) beneath the building’s foundation.One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews.At Pullman’s sign each man turned his jackscrews by the same amount at the same time，thereby raising the building slowly and evenly.Astonishingly，the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation，and many of its guests didn’t even notice anything was happening.Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago’s early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem.Now that Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River，the city’s next step was to clean the polluted river. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了芝加哥為了應(yīng)對(duì)洪水泛濫的問題而實(shí)行了一些解決方案的故事。 8．The author mentions the joke in Paragraph 1 to show________． A．horses were fairly useful in Chicago B．Chicago’s streets were extremely muddy C．Chicago was very dangerous in the spring D．the Chicago people were particularly humorous B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“In its early history，Chicago had floods frequently，especially in the spring，making the streets so muddy that people，horses and carts got stuck.”可推知，作者提及這個(gè)笑話是為了表明芝加哥的街道非常泥濘，故選B。 9．The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to________． A．get rid of the street dirt B．lower the Chicago River C．fight against heavy floods D．build the pipes above ground D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.”可知，Ellis Chesbrough 讓城市規(guī)劃者相信在地上建管道才能解決洪水泛濫所帶來的問題，故選D。 10．What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel? A．It went on smoothly as intended. B．It interrupted the business of the hotel. C．It involved Pullman in turning ten jackscrews. D．It separated the building from its foundation. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可推知，用螺旋千斤頂把the Tremont Hotel升高的事項(xiàng)進(jìn)展順利，故選A。 11．The passage is mainly about the early Chicago’s________．　 A．popular lifestyles and their influences B．environmental disasters and their causes C．engineering problems and their solutions D．successful businessmen and their achievements C　解析：主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要講的是早期芝加哥如何應(yīng)對(duì)洪水泛濫的問題的故事，故選C。 D (2018四川綿陽診斷)Loneliness is like a disease, and what’s worse, it’s contagious. It can spread from one person to another, according to the recent research that stresses the power of one person’s emotions to affect even people he doesn’t know. The new analysis, involving 4，793 people who were interviewed every two years between 2005 and 2015, showed that a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness by the time of the next interview.A friend of that person was 25% more likely, and a friend of a friend of a friend was 15% more likely. “Loneliness is not just the property of an individual.It can be transmitted across people—even people you don’t have direct contact with，” said John T．Cacioppo, a psychologist of the University of Chicago who led the study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Loneliness has been linked to medical problems, including depression, sleep problems and generally poorer physical health.Identifying some of the causes could help reduce the emotion and improve health, experts said. Although the study did not examine how loneliness spreads, Cacioppo said another research has provided clues.“Let’s say for whatever reason you get lonely.You then interact with other people in a more negative fashion.That puts them in a negative mood and makes them more likely to interact with other people in a negative fashion and they minimize their social ties and bee lonely，” Cacioppo said. According to Cacioppo, loneliness spread more easily among women than men, perhaps because women were more likely to express emotions. Lonely people bee less and less trusting others.This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends—and more likely that society will reject them.Therefore, it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. Cacioppo emphasizes people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。文章通過一項(xiàng)新的數(shù)據(jù)分析向我們介紹了孤獨(dú)的危害。 12．It can be concluded from the first paragraph that ________． A．loneliness spreads in social networks B．emotions are only transmitted between friends C．more and more people are suffering from loneliness D．loneliness is actually a kind of disease A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“it’s contagious.It can spread from one person to another”可知，孤獨(dú)是可以傳染的，它可以從一個(gè)人傳給另一個(gè)人，故選A。 13．According to Cacioppo, lonely people ________． A．rely heavily on others B．a(chǎn)re more likely to trust others C．a(chǎn)re less likely to be rejected by friends D．will probably be deserted by society D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“more likely that society will reject them”可知，Cacioppo認(rèn)為孤獨(dú)的人可能會(huì)被社會(huì)拋棄，故選D。 14．The word “minimize” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________”． A．increase B．reduce C．create D．keep B　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可推知，孤獨(dú)的人用一種消極的方式去和別人交往，這會(huì)減少他們的社會(huì)關(guān)系，讓他們變得孤獨(dú)，故選B。 15．What should lonely people do to get rid of loneliness? A．Refuse the help given by others. B．Admit and try to solve it. C．Interact with others more negatively. D．Express emotions more often. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的第三句“Therefore, it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness.”可知，承認(rèn)和應(yīng)對(duì)孤獨(dú)很重要，故選B。 七選五 (2018廣州檢測(cè))Philadelphia is a city known for many things. It is where the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, and it was also the first capital of the United States. 1.________ It is home to nearly 3，000 murals(壁畫) painted on the sides of homes and buildings around the city. That’s more murals than any other city on Earth. 2.________ More than 20 years ago, a New Jersey artist named Jane Golden started a program pairing troubled youth with artists to paint murals on a few buildings around the city. 3.________ The teenagers involved helped to create magnificent pieces of art, and there were other, even more important, benefits. The young people learned to cooperate and get along with many different kinds of people during the painting. They learned to be responsible, because they needed to follow a schedule to make sure the murals were pleted. 4.________ It is hard for anyone to see the spectacular designs and not feel proud to be a part of Philadelphia. Take a walk around some of the poorest neighbourhoods in Philadelphia and you will find beautiful works of art on the sides and fronts of buildings. Of course the murals are not just in poor neighbourhoods, but richer ones as well. Special buses take tourists to different parts of the city to see the various murals, which show the diverse ethnic groups that call Philadelphia home. 5．________ It is also a model for other cities throughout America seeking to help troubled youth. A．How did this e to be? B．What happened to the murals on earth? C．They also learned to take pride in their munity. D．But one fact about Philadelphia is not so wellknown. E．From this small project, something magical happened. F．The program encouraged troubled youth to paint together with their teachers. G．As a result of its success, the mural program has now bee the nation’s largest public art program. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了費(fèi)城壁畫的發(fā)展歷史及其重大意義。 1．D　解析：由本段第一句可知，費(fèi)城因?yàn)樵S多東西而聞名。D項(xiàng)“但是有一個(gè)事實(shí)不是很為人所知”是對(duì)前文的轉(zhuǎn)折，同時(shí)引出本文所要介紹的內(nèi)容，承上啟下，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。 2．A　解析：上一句介紹了費(fèi)城擁有比世界其他城市都多的壁畫；下文介紹了費(fèi)城壁畫發(fā)展的歷史。A項(xiàng)“這是怎么出現(xiàn)的？”承上啟下，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．E　解析：根據(jù)下一句中的“there were other, even more important, benefits”可知，這些問題少年參與到壁畫的創(chuàng)作中，并且在這個(gè)過程中帶來了更重要的益處。E項(xiàng)“從這個(gè)小小的項(xiàng)目中，一些神奇的事情發(fā)生了”引出了對(duì)壁畫益處的介紹，符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)。 4．C　解析：根據(jù)下一句“It is hard for anyone...not feel proud to be a part of Philadelphia.”可知，人們開始將這些壁畫當(dāng)作是費(fèi)城引以為傲的一部分。C項(xiàng)意為“他們同樣學(xué)會(huì)了為自己的社區(qū)感到驕傲”，句中的“also”承接上文，take pride in與下文中的“feel proud”相呼應(yīng)，承上啟下，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。 5．G　解析：根據(jù)下一句“It is also a model for other cities...”可知，最后總結(jié)了壁畫對(duì)費(fèi)城產(chǎn)生的影響。G項(xiàng)意為“由于它的成功，這個(gè)壁畫項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)成為整個(gè)國家最大的公共藝術(shù)項(xiàng)目”，是對(duì)費(fèi)城壁畫的地位評(píng)價(jià)，總結(jié)全文，符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)。