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Unit 8 Adventure 課時(shí)練1　閱讀理解提速練 閱讀理解 A (2018福州畢業(yè)班適應(yīng)性練習(xí))Known as “The Man with the Golden Arm”，nearly every week for the past 60 years，James Harrison has donated blood plasma(血漿) from his right arm. The reasons can date back to a serious medical procedure. “When I was 14，I had a chest operation，”recalls Harrison，who is now aged 80.“My father said I had received 13 units of blood and my life had been saved by unknown people. So I said when I’m old enough，I’ll bee a blood donor.” Soon after Harrison became a donor，doctors called him in. His blood，they said，could be the answer to a deadly problem. “In Australia，up until about 1967，there were about thousands of babies dying each year because of the rhesus disease(恒河猴溶血病)，”explains Jemma Falkenmire，of the Australian Red Cross Blood Service. Harrison was discovered to have an unusual antibody(抗體) in his blood and in the 1960s he worked with doctors to use the antibodies to develop an injection(注射)called AntiD which can prevent this disease. Harrison’s blood is precious. Every batch of AntiD that has ever been made in Australia has e from Harrison’s blood. He and AntiD are credited with saving the lives of more than 2 million babies，according to the Australian Red Cross Blood Service：That’s about 2 million lives saved by one man’s blood. Harrison is considered a national hero，and has won numerous awards. He has now donated his plasma more than 1，000 times，but no matter how many times he’s given blood there’s one thing that will never change：“I look at the ceiling or the nurses，maybe talk to them a bit, but never once have I watched the needle go in my arm. I can’t stand the sight of blood，and I can’t stand pain，”he says. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了James Harrison用自己的血液挽救了超過兩百萬名嬰兒生命的故事。 1．What was the main reason for Harrison’s being a blood donor? A．He has a golden arm. B．He has precious blood plasma. C．His father encouraged him to help others. D．Donated blood once made him survive. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“My father said I had received 13 units of blood and my life had been saved by unknown people. So I said when I’m old enough，I’ll bee a blood donor.”可知，Harrison知道他的生命是被不相識的人救的，所以長大后要做一個(gè)獻(xiàn)血者。故D項(xiàng)正確。 2．Why is James’ blood precious? A．James has the AntiD in his blood. B．His blood is more useful in treating the rhesus disease. C．James’ blood is the main source of AntiD in Australia. D．James has donated more plasma than other donators. C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第一、二句可知，Harrison的血液寶貴的原因是他的血液是澳大利亞AntiD的主要來源，故C項(xiàng)正確。 3．How does Harrison feel when donating his plasma? A．Nervous.　　　　　　　　 B．Relaxed. C．Anxious. D．Excited. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“I look at the ceiling or the nurses，maybe talk to them a bit, but never once have I watched the needle go in my arm.”可知，在獻(xiàn)血時(shí)他看著天花板或者護(hù)士，也許跟護(hù)士聊一聊，但從來不看針扎進(jìn)手臂。據(jù)此可以判斷，他在獻(xiàn)血時(shí)很緊張，故A項(xiàng)正確。 B (2018江西贛中南五校聯(lián)考)Before I studied psychology，I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred.While I was right about that，I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke.When someone laughs at a joke，there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laugh—and the more reasons there are，the more powerful the joke will be. I was attending a standup edy show in Egypt，and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets，everyone laughed their heads off.The main reason why those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly.The joke wasn’t only funny，but it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians. That is, people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got. The better a joke makes a person feel，and the more it includes other psychological factors，the more the person will like it.For example，if you envy one of your friends，and someone tells a joke that is funny and，at the same time，makes your friend seem stupid，then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you weren’t jealous of him. In short，we don’t laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke.I strongly discourage you from making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh.All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a person’s emotions，he will certainly like it a lot. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要分析了人們笑的原因。 4．What did the author find out after studying psychology? A．Only good jokes make people laugh. B．Many factors lead to people’s laughing. C．Funny things can make people laugh. D．Laughter can make people healthy. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，作者在學(xué)了心理學(xué)之后發(fā)現(xiàn)，笑不僅僅是因?yàn)槭虑楹眯?，還有很多其他的心理因素的促成和影響，故選B。 5．Why did the audience laugh loud at the pedestrians? A．They played a trick on the pedestrians. B．The pedestrians behaved in a funny way. C．They could feel the pedestrians’ happiness. D．Their emotion was approved of by the show. D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可推知，人們對行人的行為大笑的原因是他們在心理上產(chǎn)生了共鳴，故選D。 6．What does the underlined word“belittling”probably mean? A．Annoy.　　　　　　　　 B．Blame. C．Look down on. D．Make up to. C　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句可推知，動詞belittle 和短語make fun of是近義詞，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，應(yīng)選C。annoy“使惱怒”；blame“責(zé)怪”；look down on“蔑視，瞧不起”；make up to “接近，奉承，補(bǔ)足”。 7．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? B　解析：推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文可知，第一段導(dǎo)入話題；第二、三段通過具體事例進(jìn)行分析；根據(jù)文章最后一段的開頭“In short”可知，最后一段屬于總結(jié)。由此可知，本文屬于總——分——總的結(jié)構(gòu)，符合本文結(jié)構(gòu)的圖表是B選項(xiàng)。 C (2018福州畢業(yè)班適應(yīng)性練習(xí))No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972. Now，after more than four decades of inactivity，interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again. But who will get there first? CHINA On 14 December 2013，China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探測車) on the Moon. It is now working on its next exploration mission. Named Chang’e 4，the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018. If successful，it will be the first landing on the Moon’s far side. RUSSIA Russia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030. It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)． INDIA Following the success of its Chandrayaan1 in 2008，India announced a followon mission. Chandrayaan2 was meant to cooperate with Russia. But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013，India decided to go it alone. Chandrayaan2 is about to be sent up in 2018. U．S.A. In December 2018，NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1，an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to Earth. All being well，a crewed capsule will follow in 2023. Should the mission prove a success，the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了中國、俄羅斯、印度和美國的登月計(jì)劃。 8．What will China do in its next space mission? A．Improve its Jade Rabbit rover. B．Work with other countries. C．Land Chang’e 4 on the Moon. D．Explore the south pole of the Moon. C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句可知，嫦娥四號將在2018年底降落在月球Aitken Basin地區(qū)。據(jù)此可知，中國的下一步空間計(jì)劃是嫦娥四號登月，故C項(xiàng)正確。 9．Why did India try to carry out its followon mission alone? A．It couldn’t find a partner. B．It didn’t get the lander as planned. C．The Russians refused to work with India. D．It planned to launch Chandrayaan2 in advance. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第三句可知，由于俄羅斯沒能給印度提供著陸器，因此印度決定自己實(shí)施登月計(jì)劃，故B項(xiàng)正確。 10．Which country is interested in resources on the Moon? A．Russia.　　　　　　　　 B．China. C．India. D．U.S.A. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，當(dāng)前俄羅斯正啟動一項(xiàng)工程，其思路是登陸器將探索月球的南極，尋找礦物質(zhì)和水冰等資源以供人類前哨站使用。故A項(xiàng)正確。 11．What can we know from the text? A．Russia has built a human outpost on the Moon. B．China will be the first to see the far side of the Moon. C．U.S.A. will send a crewed capsule to the Moon in the future. D．Humans have kept active in exploring the Moon since 1972. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，如果一切順利，美國將于2023年發(fā)送載人太空艙登月。據(jù)此可知，美國將在未來實(shí)施載人登月計(jì)劃，故C項(xiàng)正確。 D (2018遼寧大連雙基測試)For many people, being on the job might just sound like a picnic pared to a day at home filled with housework, meals and childcare.Even for those with a happy family life, home can sometimes feel more taxing than work. In a new study, researchers at Penn State University found significantly and consistently lower levels of cortisol (皮質(zhì)醇) released in response to stress, in a majority of subjects when they were at work pared to when they were at home.This was true for both men and women, and parents and people without children. Both men and women showed less stress at work.But women were more likely to report feeling happier there.Men were more likely to feel happier at home.Experts say there are other reasons why work is less stressful than home for many.“Paid work is more valued in society，”says Sarah Damaske, the lead researcher on the study.“Household work is boring and not particularly rewarding.” We get better at our job with time and the increased petence means less stress and more rewards.Yet none of us, no matter how long we’ve been doing it, ever truly feels like an expert at parenting or even at marriage. The support and friendship of coworkers also offer stress relief.At home, meanwhile, stress spreads and accumulates quickly.“That’s the reason why most housewives wish they were the bread earners，” Dr.Damaske says. Much of the advice to families and couples includes the warning to leave work stress at the office and even to change our mindset from work to home, for example, a walk around the block.The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some change. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究， 該研究表明越來越多的人認(rèn)為上班比在家做家務(wù)、做飯和帶孩子更輕松一些。 12．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “taxing”？ A．Stressful.　　　　　　　　　 B．Cheerful. C．Worthwhile. D．Rewarding. A　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知， 很多人認(rèn)為與在家做家務(wù)、做飯和帶孩子相比， 工作像野餐一樣。言外之意， 上班比在家輕松， 在家比上班更有壓力。故選A。 13．What did the research in the second paragraph prove? A．Men felt better at home. B．Women felt they had less time. C．Women were easier to feel happier. D．Most people felt more stress at home. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知， 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：比起在家里，大多數(shù)人在工作的時(shí)候， 面對壓力， 他們的皮質(zhì)醇水平顯著且連續(xù)地降低。 這項(xiàng)研究證明大多數(shù)人感覺在家更有壓力。故選D。 14．What do most people think of work at the office? A．It is petitive. B．It improves ability. C．It can’t relieve stress. D．It doesn’t always pay off. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的第一句“We get better at our job with time and the increased petence...rewards.”可知， 隨著時(shí)間的推移， 大多數(shù)的人在工作中能提高能力。故選B。 15．According to the recent findings, what should we change to solve the problem mentioned? A．Our attitude. B．Our mindset. C．Our home life. D．Our working style. C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some change.”可知， 我們的家庭生活得以改變才能解決問題。故選C。 七選五 (2018長沙高中畢業(yè)生供題)It’s easy to talk yourself out of exercising. Even when you have the best intentions to work out, excuses are so easy to find—“I’m too tired” or “I’m busy” or “The weather is bad”. Don’t worry! 1.________ ?Take baby steps. You would never try to run 10 miles on one day, right? When you do too much too soon, you’ll end up injured and discouraged. Take it easy as you get started. Maybe you only run a quarter of a mile during your first week. 2.________ ?Show the clock who is boss. Health experts say you should aim for at least 150 minutes of exercise a week, plus weight training at least twice a week. If you work too late to get to a gym, keep a set of weights at home. If you can’t do 30 minutes at once, break it up into 10or 15minute sections. ?3.________ Your workout should be just as much a habit as brushing your teeth or eating breakfast. When it’s part of your routine, you won’t even have to think about it. In a few months, fitness can be regular in your day. ?Keep it real. You’re not going to shake off 30 pounds in a week. 4.________For example, increase your workout schedule from 2 to 3 days a week, or exercise for 15 more minutes each time. ?Celebrate! 5.________Therefore, even a pound of weight loss or a pound of muscle gain is the reason to reward yourself. Go out with friends, or buy a new pair of jeans. A．Get used to it. B．Do it for yourself. C．It takes weeks to see real changes. D．Keep a fitness journal to record your progress. E．Aim for something that’s realistic as a first step. F．The following tricks can keep your fitness routine on track. G．When it bees easy for you, you can make it more challenging. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了能使自己堅(jiān)持鍛煉的幾條建議。 1．F　解析：根據(jù)空前的不去運(yùn)動的借口以及下文的建議可知，空處在文中起到了承上啟下的過渡作用，所以選F項(xiàng)。 2．G　解析：根據(jù)本段的主題句“Take baby steps”及上文的“Take it easy as you get started. Maybe you only run a quarter of a mile during your first week.”可推知，你可以循序漸進(jìn)，逐步挑戰(zhàn)更大強(qiáng)度的鍛煉，所以選G項(xiàng)。 3．A　解析：根據(jù)空后的“Your workout should be just as much a habit as brushing your teeth or eating breakfast.”可推知，要養(yǎng)成鍛煉的習(xí)慣，并自覺去做，所以選A項(xiàng)。 4．E　解析：根據(jù)空前的“Keep it real. You’re not going to shake off 30 pounds in a week.”可知，鍛煉的目標(biāo)要現(xiàn)實(shí)可行，所以選E項(xiàng)。 5．C　解析：根據(jù)空后的“Therefore，even a pound of weight loss or a pound of muscle gain is the reason to reward yourself.”可推知，鍛煉的效果并不會立竿見影，只要有效就值得慶賀，所以選C項(xiàng)。