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Period Four　Project Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)單詞 1．beauty n．美；美好的人或物 beautiful adj.美麗的 beautifully adv.美好地 2. classic adj.經(jīng)典的；n.經(jīng)典作品 3．steep adj.陡峭的；急劇的 4．forever adv.永遠(yuǎn)地 5．officially adv.官方地，正式地 official adj.官方的；正式的 6．spot n．地點(diǎn)，場所 7．publish vt.出版；發(fā)表 8．a(chǎn)nnounce vt.宣布，宣稱 announcement n．宣布，宣告 9．reflect vt.反射(聲、光、熱等)；反映 10．wander vi.& vt.漫游，游蕩；徘徊；漂泊 11．surrounding adj.周圍的；附近的 12．harmony n．和諧，協(xié)調(diào)，融洽 13．endless adj.無限的，無休止的 end v．結(jié)束；n.結(jié)尾 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語 1．a(chǎn)t a loss困惑，為難，不知所措 2．be home to是……的家園；是……所在地 3．in harmony with與……協(xié)調(diào)一致；與……和諧相處 Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)句式 1．until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句 Start in the city of Dali and drive north along the YunnanTibet Highway until you reach Zhongdian(Shangrila)，the capital of Diqing. 從大理出發(fā)，沿滇藏高速公路向北行駛直到你抵達(dá)迪慶的政府所在地中甸(香格里拉)。 2．現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語 Below the mountains，the sunshine reflects on the many lakes，making them shine like diamonds against the rich countryside. 山腳下，陽光照耀在星羅棋布的湖面上，使它們在富麗鄉(xiāng)村景色的映襯下，如鉆石般閃耀璀璨。 Ⅰ.課文閱讀理解 1．The best title of this passage is “ ”． A．How Shangrila got her name B．How Shangrila was discovered C．Shangrila—a place of mystery and beauty D．Beautiful scenery in Shangrila 答案　C 2．Where is Shangrila located? A．In Kunming. B．In Zhongdian. C．In Dali. D．In Tibet. 答案　B 3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．It was James Hilton who first told about Shangrila. B．People knew Shangrila referred to Zhongdian from 1933. C．The snowcapped mountains are the typical scenery of Shangrila. D．We’ll find lots of birds and animals in Shangrila. 答案　B 4．The weather in Shangrila . A．is always mild B．is very hot C．is very cold D．changes quickly 答案　D 5．The author writes this passage mainly to . A．describe the beautiful scenery in Shangrila B．tell us where Shangrila is C．explain to us how the name of Shangrila came D．a(chǎn)ttract us to Shangrila 答案　A Ⅱ.課文閱讀填空 Location In the southwest of China Transport Drive from Dali 1.along the YunnanTibet Highway to reach there. Take a 2.flight/plane from Kunming to get there. History The word “Shangrila” first appeared in Hilton’s novel，meaning 3.heaven on earth. There were 4.arguments over which tourist spot would win the name of Shangrila. The government announced that Zhongdian was the Shangrila of Hilton’s story. Scenery There are three snowcapped mountains 5.towering over the land. We can see lakes in vast grasslands 6.shining like diamonds. Sheep，cattle and horses wander on the green grass，and the 7.surrounding forests are 8.home to many birds and animals. People live in 9.harmony with nature. Weather Changeable. The best times to visit Shangrila are spring and autumn when the temperature is at its 10.mildest. Each of the following pictures stands for a place.　 　 grassland　 　　　　　desert 　 beach　 　　　　　rainforest Which of these places would you like to visit most? Think about the place you will travel to and tell the reasons.What’s the climate like there? What to take with you? How to get there? Where to stay？What do you want to see there? Then make a leaflet and read it in your class. 重點(diǎn)詞匯 1．There were arguments over which tourist spot would win the name of Shangrila. 人們以前為到底哪個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn)應(yīng)該獲得香格里拉的名稱爭論不休。 spot n.地點(diǎn)，場所；斑點(diǎn)，污跡；vt.看見，看出，注意到，發(fā)現(xiàn) in a spot處于困境 on the spot＝on the scene當(dāng)場；在現(xiàn)場 put sb.on the spot (提出難題)使某人尷尬；使某人為難 spot sb./sth.doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物正在做某事 (1)She was wearing a white skirt with red spots. 她穿著一件白底紅點(diǎn)兒的裙子。 (2)You have put me on the spot—I can’t answer this question. 這你可把我難住了——這個(gè)問題我回答不上來。 (3)The police were on the spot/scene within a few minutes.警察在幾分鐘內(nèi)就趕到了現(xiàn)場。 (4)The police spotted him driving a stolen car. 警察發(fā)現(xiàn)他正駕駛著一輛偷來的汽車。 [單項(xiàng)填空] (5)When the boys arrived there，Tom the missing dog first. A．looked B．spotted C．laughed D．designed 答案　B 解析　句意為：當(dāng)男孩們到達(dá)那里時(shí)，湯姆首先發(fā)現(xiàn)了那只失蹤了的狗。look，laugh都是不及物動詞，后面不能直接接賓語；design設(shè)計(jì)，意思不符；spot發(fā)現(xiàn)，符合題意。 2．In September 1997，the government of Yunnan Province announced that Zhongdian was the Shangrila of Hilton’s story.1997年9月，云南省人民政府宣稱，中甸就是希爾頓小說中的香格里拉。 (1)announce v．宣告，宣布 announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人)宣布某事 announce that...宣布…… It is announced that...據(jù)宣布…… (2)announcement n．宣告；發(fā)表；通告；公告 make an announcement發(fā)表公告 注意：announce后不能直接接雙賓語，即不能用于announce sb.sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用于announce sth.to sb.結(jié)構(gòu)。這樣用的動詞還有：suggest，explain，report，say等。 (1)The prime minister announced that she would resign.首相宣布她將辭職。 (2)There was a wedding announcement in the local paper.當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上有一則結(jié)婚通告。 (3)The spokesman of the Foreign Minister announced the news to the reporters. 外交部發(fā)言人向記者發(fā)布了這條新聞。 [單項(xiàng)填空] (4)At the end of their meeting，it was that an agreement had been reached. A．said B．a(chǎn)nnounced C．spoken D．voiced 答案　B 解析　本題考查“It is/was＋過去分詞＋that從句”。it為形式主語，that從句是真正的主語。announce宣布，符合句意。 3．Below the mountains，the sunshine reflects on the many lakes，making them shine like diamonds against the rich countryside.山腳下，陽光照耀在星羅棋布的湖面上，使它們在富麗鄉(xiāng)村景色的映襯下，如鉆石般閃耀璀璨。 (1)reflect v．反射(聲、光、熱等)；反映；顯示，表明 reflect on/upon思考，反省 (2)reflection n．反射；反映；思考，沉思 on/upon reflection再三考慮 without reflection不假思索地 (1)It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.重要的不是故事本身，而是故事所反映出來的東西。 (2)He reflected on/upon his past mistakes with the teacher’s help. 在老師的幫助下，他反省了過去的錯(cuò)誤。 (3)I accepted the plan without reflection. 我不假思索地接受了那個(gè)計(jì)劃。 [單項(xiàng)填空] (4)Workmen work to earn money but not for money，whose job is the of their attitude(態(tài)度) to doing things with the drive to perfect their skill.(2018揚(yáng)州中學(xué)高一上期末) A．a(chǎn)ttraction B．guidance C．reflection D．a(chǎn)pproval 答案　C 解析　attraction吸引力；guidance指導(dǎo)；reflection反射，反映；approval認(rèn)可，贊成。句意為：工人工作來賺錢，而不是為了錢，他們的工作是自己態(tài)度的反映，這是一種以完善自身技能為動力而做事情的態(tài)度。根據(jù)句意選C。 4．Sheep，cattle and horses wander on the green grass，and the surrounding forests are home to many birds and animals.成群的牛羊和馬兒在綠色的草原上徜徉，周邊的森林則是眾多鳥兒和動物的家園。 wander v.漫游；走失；走神；徘徊；漂泊 wander about/around到處閑逛 wander off(從應(yīng)該逗留的地方)離開 (1)Her thoughts wandered and didn’t hear what her mother said.她開了小差，沒聽到媽媽說什么。 (2)Don’t wander about/around the room like that.Get something to do. 不要那樣在房間里走來走去，找點(diǎn)事情做。 (3)Don’t wander off the subject—keep to the point. 別離題——要扣住要點(diǎn)。 (1)surrounding adj.周圍的，附近的 (2)surround vt.環(huán)繞，圍繞 surround sb./sth.(with...)(以……)圍繞，包圍 be surrounded by/with...被……環(huán)繞/包圍 (3)surroundings n．環(huán)境；周圍的事物 (4)The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings.那所房子所處的位置環(huán)境非常優(yōu)美。 [單項(xiàng)填空] (5)When he looked up，he suddenly found himself by a group of teenagers， looked at him anxiously. A．to be surrounded；which B．surrounded；who C．be surrounded；who D．having been surrounded；which 答案　B 解析　句意為：當(dāng)他抬起頭時(shí)，他突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一群少年包圍著，他們焦急地看著他。himself與surround之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)；第二空引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代teenagers。 be home to...是……的家園；是……的所在地 be the home of...是……的生長地/發(fā)源地 be/feel at home感覺舒適；無拘束 home and abroad國內(nèi)外 (6)As we all know，Africa is the home of many kinds of wildlife.眾所周知，非洲是許多種野生動物的家園。 (7)I’m already feeling at home in the new apartment. 我在新公寓里已經(jīng)感到習(xí)慣自如了。 [單項(xiàng)填空] (8)Shangrila，which is happy home for the local people，is also home to many animals. A．the；a B．/；/ C．a(chǎn)；/ D．/；a 答案　C 解析　句意為：香格里拉是當(dāng)?shù)厝说男腋＜覉@，也是許多動物的家園。be home to為固定搭配，不需要冠詞；若home之前有修飾詞，則需加冠詞。 5．In this peaceful land，people live in perfect harmony with nature，far away from the noise and worry of the outside world.在這片寧靜的土地上，人們與大自然和諧相處，遠(yuǎn)離外界的喧囂和煩惱。 in harmony with...與……協(xié)調(diào)一致；與……和諧相處 in harmony和睦地，和諧地 be out of harmony with...與……不一致，不和諧 (1)We had nothing in mon，but we worked together in harmony for years.我們毫無共同之處，但是在一起和睦地工作了許多年。 (2)Your suggestions are out of harmony with the aims.你的建議與目標(biāo)不一致。 [單項(xiàng)填空] (3)The husband and wife were never each other about anything for five minutes together. A．harmony B．in harmony with C．in harmony D．harmonious 答案　B 解析　句意為：關(guān)于任何事，這對夫婦從來沒有協(xié)調(diào)一致達(dá)五分鐘。此處作表語，in harmony with...與……協(xié)調(diào)一致，符合題意。 經(jīng)典句式 Below the mountains，the sunshine reflects on the many lakes，making them shine like diamonds against the rich countryside.山腳下，陽光照耀在星羅棋布的湖面上，使它們在富麗鄉(xiāng)村景色的映襯下，如鉆石般閃耀璀璨。 句中making them...countryside是現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中作結(jié)果狀語。v.ing短語一般表示一種必然的結(jié)果，往往前面的句子就是該結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的原因；而不定式to do則常表示一種意料之外的結(jié)果，尤其是構(gòu)成only to do時(shí)。 (1)The strong wind blew the good soil away，leaving only sand.大風(fēng)吹走了沃土，只剩下了沙子。 (2)The bus was held up by the snowstorm，causing the delay.公共汽車被暴風(fēng)雪擋住了，導(dǎo)致了延誤。 (3)I hurried to the hall，only to find my idol had left. 我匆忙趕到大廳，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我的偶像已經(jīng)離開了。 [單項(xiàng)填空] (4)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows， air conditioning unnecessary.(2016天津，4) A．making B．to make C．made D．being made 答案　A 解析　句意為：涼爽的風(fēng)通過我們臥室的窗戶吹進(jìn)來，沒有必要吹空調(diào)了。題中swept是謂語動詞，所以make只能用非謂語動詞形式；句子主語the cooling wind與make是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。B項(xiàng)to make也可以作結(jié)果狀語，但表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，不符合語境。 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．They are enjoying the beauty of the West Lake. 2．There are many other examples reflecting(反映) the development of Chinese writing. 3．Everyone is wearing a tired look and the meeting appears endless(無休止的)． 4．The elderly man，officially(官方地) declared dead，suddenly came to life. 5．The announcement(宣告) showed that the election would take place on June 20th. Ⅱ.選詞填空 6．The pany has provided me with a car，so I can drive to and from work. 7．Africa is home to lions，elephants and goats. 8．I saw Tom reach for the apple on the table. 9．She is surrounded with many reporters. 10．My cat and dog never fight.They live together in harmony with each other. Ⅲ.完成句子 11．地上躺著一只生病的山羊。 On the ground lay a sick goat. 12．這部電影如此有趣，我非常喜歡它。 This film is so interesting that I enjoy it very much. 13．據(jù)官方宣布，他將不再參加競選。 It is officially announced that he will not run for the election. 14．新的機(jī)器將運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得更快，因此會降低我們的成本。 The new machines will work faster，thus reducing our cost. 15．咱們等到雨停了吧。 Let’s wait until the rain stops. Ⅳ.單項(xiàng)填空 16．Sending a man into space was a dream for China for many years，and in Oct.2003，Yang Liwei went to space and returned， the dream a reality.(2017無錫高一上期末) A．living B．making C．realized D．a(chǎn)chieved 答案　B 解析　句意為：把人送入太空是中國多年的夢想，在2003年10月，楊利偉進(jìn)入太空后返回，使這個(gè)夢想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。此處是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，make使得，故選B項(xiàng)。 17． yourself with positive people and you will keep focused on what you can do instead of what you can’t. A．Surrounding B．Surrounded C．Surround D．Having surrounded 答案　C 解析　句意為：使你自己被積極的人環(huán)繞，你會集中于你能做的而不是你不能做的事情。此處是“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)。surround sb.with...使某人被……圍繞。 18．It’s important that we should show consideration for others if we are to live them in social life. A．in connection with B．in touch with C．in contrast with D．in harmony with 答案　D 解析　句意為：如果我們想在社會生活中與他人和諧相處，為他人著想很重要。in connection with與……有關(guān)；in touch with與……有聯(lián)系；in contrast with與……相比；in harmony with與……協(xié)調(diào)，和諧相處。故選D。 19．He went to the station hurriedly by taxi，only the train had just left. A．finding B．having found C．to find D．to have found 答案　C 解析　句意為：他乘出租車匆忙到達(dá)車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。only to do表示意料之外的結(jié)果。 20．At 2.26 metres，Yaoming，a famous Chinese basketball player， over his friends.(2018鎮(zhèn)江高一上期末) A．towers B．orbits C．mounts D．rockets 答案　A 解析　orbit盤旋，繞軌道運(yùn)行；mount增加，上升；rocket急速上升，發(fā)射。tower over高于，超過。句意為：中國著名的籃球運(yùn)動員姚明身高2.26米，比他的朋友們高出一大截。分析句子可知，A項(xiàng)符合題意。 Ⅴ.微寫作 寫作素材(關(guān)于冒險(xiǎn)) 1．瑪麗新出版的小說描繪了一次不同尋常的冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷。 2．主人公騎駱駝來到一個(gè)廢棄的城堡。 3．在城堡里他遇到了一位美人。 4．他們相愛了并一齊出發(fā)去探索神秘的沙漠。 提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達(dá)。 補(bǔ)全短文 Mary’s 21.newlypublished novel describes 22.an extraordinary adventure.The hero rode 23.a camel to a 24.deserted castle，where he met 25.a beauty.They fell in love with each other and set off together to 26.explore the mysterious 27.desert. Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that my interest.(2016浙江，14) A．limited B．reserved C．reflected D．spoiled 答案　C 解析　句意為：當(dāng)最后決定課程的時(shí)候到了，我決定申請能反映我興趣的課程。limit限制；reserve保留；reflect反映，反射；spoil寵壞。故選C。 2．He was found on the street of New York. A．wondering B．wondered C．wandering D．wandered 答案　C 解析　句意為：有人看到他在紐約街頭游蕩。wonder想知道；wander徘徊，閑逛；另外，句子主語he與wander之間是主動關(guān)系，所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞。 3．In Shangrila，there are vast grasslands the lakes， look like jewels. A．surrounding；which B．surrounded；which C．surrounding；that D．surrounded；that 答案　A 解析　句意為：在香格里拉，有環(huán)繞著湖泊的廣袤的草地，湖泊看起來像寶石。vast grasslands與surround之間存在主動關(guān)系，故第一空應(yīng)填surround的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，作定語；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the lakes。 4．He took at the beginning of the year. A．officer B．office C．official D．officially 答案　B 解析　句意為：他在年初就職。take office就職，符合句意。 5．Smoking is not only harmful to people’s health，but also damages the of a family. A．height B．harmony C．energy D．electricity 答案　B 解析　句意為：吸煙不僅對人們的健康有害，還會破壞家庭和諧。height高度；harmony和諧；energy精力，能量；electricity電，電流。 6．—This is your order, a cake and an apple pie. ？ —I’ll have it here.(2018鎮(zhèn)江高一期末) A．Anything else B．Is that OK C．For here or to go D．Anything to drink 答案　C 解析　句意為：——這是您點(diǎn)的一塊蛋糕和一個(gè)蘋果派。在這兒吃嗎？還是帶走？——在這吃。 Anything else另外的任何東西；Is that OK？這樣可以嗎；For here or to go在這兒吃還是帶走；Anything to drink喝點(diǎn)什么嗎。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意。 7．Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within the of little children. A．hand B．reach C．space D．distance 答案　B 解析　within the reach of sb.在某人伸手可及的范圍內(nèi)。 8．Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea? A．a(chǎn)bout B．to C．with D．over 答案　B 解析　句意為：你聽說過是海陸兩棲動物棲息地的樹嗎？be home to為固定搭配，意為“是……的棲息地，是……的家園”。 9．At last they climbed up the mountain，on the top of which an old temple dating back to 1500 BC. A．is lying B．there lies C．does lie D．lies 答案　D 解析　on the top of which...是定語從句，由于表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語on the top of置于句首，因此句子要用全部倒裝，又因?yàn)榫渥用枋龅氖强陀^的事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故D項(xiàng)正確。 10．Your homework is handed in tomorrow morning，or you’ll be criticized by the teacher. A．to be B．being C．a(chǎn)bout to be D．going to be 答案　A 解析　“be＋動詞不定式”所表達(dá)的意義之一為“必須，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，相當(dāng)于must，should等情態(tài)動詞。be about to do即將做，一般不與時(shí)間狀語連用。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A (2018揚(yáng)州中學(xué)高一上期末) A saying is a short，clever expression that usually contains advice or expresses some obvious truth.Though the meanings shown for sayings are believed to be generally accepted，for some sayings sometimes they may go otherwise. No Use Crying Over Spilt(溢出的) Milk.Crying can help people recover from disappointment.True，it’s dangerous to live on the past，but holding back those spiltmilk tears could hurt even more.A survey of more than 5,000 weepers in the Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology suggests that people who do not cry only feel worse.Or，to put it another way，“Sometimes we should cry over spilt milk，” writes Aaron BenZe’ev，a philosophy professor at the University of Haifa in Israel.“Otherwise，how will we learn to value milk，and how will we avoid spilling it again？” You Catch More Flies with Honey than with Vinegar.Vinegar(醋) is a fly magnet.If you’ve ever endured a fruit fly(果蠅) invasion in your home，a bowl of vinegar is likely your first line of defense.Researchers from Northwestern University found that “The hungrier a fly gets，the quicker it gives in to vinegar”． Money Can’t Buy Happiness.Yes，it can.Happiness is going by no matter what your bank account looks like，but research shows that money does，in fact，give you shortterm bursts of joy—if you spend wisely.Experiences such as concerts or holidays have been shown to bring greater happiness than shopping.People who spend money on others are also measurably happier than those who treat themselves.So do yourself a favour: buy happiness for someone else. Pick the LowHanging Fruit First (“Lowhanging fruit” refers to easytoreach fruit or easytofinish tasks)．Lower fruit is often the last to grow fully.“Fruit that is high up，exposed to the sun，develops the fastest，” says Gennaro Fazio，a plant geneticist(基因?qū)W家) for the USDA’s Agricultural Resource Service，“and you want to pick the lowhanging fruit last，so it has more time to develop.” What’s more，“Starting at the top makes the job easier，” says Henry Rueda，an applepicking professional.When pickers harvest from top to bottom，the bags of fruit they carry around their necks and shoulders grow heavier as they move downwards. 語篇解讀　作者從科學(xué)和事實(shí)的角度辯證地分析了幾個(gè)被人們廣泛接受的諺語的含義及其不科學(xué)性。 11．Which of the following statements is supported by Gennaro Fazio? A．The lowhanging fruit is often the last that we are supposed to pick. B．The first goal set for yourself should be easier to achieve than other goals. C．Workers enjoy the ease with which the lower fruit can be picked in the tree. D．Every situation is different and easy pickings that count are done first. 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Lower fruit is often the last to grow fully.‘Fruit that is high up，exposed to the sun，develops the fastest，’says Gennaro Fazio”可知Gennaro Fazio認(rèn)為低垂的果實(shí)通常長得不飽滿，應(yīng)該是我們最后選擇的，故選A。 12．According to the article，the writer may argue that . A．one’s words can never be taken back just like the spilt milk B．money is not a good servant but a bad master when it speaks C．blindly believing the whole book is worse than having no book D．flies are much fonder of honey than vinegar when they’re hungry 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者對幾則諺語的質(zhì)疑和剖析，告訴我們事實(shí)證明經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談未必是正確的，盲目相信所有內(nèi)容是錯(cuò)誤的，要學(xué)會具體分析。C項(xiàng)(盡信書則不如無書)表達(dá)了此意，故選C。 13．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．What Are the Household Sayings for? B．What Is Wrong with These Sayings? C．Where Are These Wellknown Sayings from? D．How Can These Sayings Be Understood? 答案　B 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。作者通過對幾則被人們廣泛接受的諺語的質(zhì)疑和剖析，指明了它們的不科學(xué)性。B項(xiàng)：“這些諺語有什么問題嗎？”作為本文的標(biāo)題最佳，故選B。 B (2018新豐中學(xué)高一上期末) Why are so many people so afraid of failure？Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure bees an experience that will lead to growth.We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail. Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed.One way is to lower standards.A mother describes her child’s handmade table as “Perfect！”even though it doesn’t stand still.Another way is to shift(轉(zhuǎn)移) blame.If John fails science，his teacher is unfair or stupid. The trouble with failureprevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world.The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything，no one can win all the time—and that it’s possible to enjoy a game even when they don’t win.A child who’s not invited to a birthday party，who doesn’t make the honor roll on the baseball team，feels terrible，of course.But parents should not offer a quick consolation(安慰) prize or say，“It doesn’t matter.”Because it does.The young should be allowed to experience disappointment—and be helped to master it. Failure is never pleasurable.It hurts grownups and children alike.But it can make a positive(有益的) contribution to your life once you learn to use it.Step one is to ask “Why did I fail？” Don’t blame someone else.Ask yourself what you did wrong，how you can improve.If someone else can help，don’t be shy about inquiring(咨詢)．Success，which encourages repetition of old behavior，is not nearly as good a teacher as failure.You can learn from a bad party how to give a good one，from an illchosen first house what to look for in a second.Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking，a change of direction.After 12 years of studying ballet，a friend of mine auditioned(面試)for a professional pany.She was turned down.“Would further training help？” she asked.The ballet master shook his head.“You will never be a dancer，” he said，“you haven’t the body for it.” In such cases，the way to use failure is to take stock(鑒定) bravely and ask，“What have I left？What else can I do？”My friend put away her shoes and moved into dance treatment center，a field where she’s both able and useful.Failure frees one to take risks because there’s less to lose.Often there is recovery(恢復(fù)) of energy—a way to find new possibilities. 語篇解讀　本文說的是很多父母在孩子失敗時(shí)的錯(cuò)誤態(tài)度。并指出失敗對于孩子成長的好處，父母應(yīng)該教育孩子從失敗中反思，才能促使孩子不斷成長。 14．The second paragraph tells us . A．how a mother praises her children B．how to shift blame C．two ways of failure pr