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考點(diǎn)10 進(jìn)行時(shí) 高考頻度：★★★★★ 進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這個(gè)動(dòng)作是暫時(shí)的，也是未完成的。進(jìn)行時(shí)包括現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。 考向一 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一、構(gòu)成：am/is/are + 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式 二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法： 1. 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 Our friends are waiting for us outside now. 我們的朋友們?cè)谕饷娴任覀儭? What are you doing? 你在干什么？ He is playing basketball now. 他正在打籃球。 2. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事情。 She is learning English at college. 她在大學(xué)學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 Lucy is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 露西學(xué)習(xí)法律，她姐姐學(xué)習(xí)物理。（動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行） 3. 某些短暫性動(dòng)詞，如e, go, start, open, close, arrive, return, begin, leave等用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 My father is ing to see me this Saturday. 父親這個(gè)星期六來(lái)看我。 He is leaving for Beijing next week. 下周他要去北京。 4. 某些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示慢慢地、漸漸地發(fā)生變化。 I’m forgetting English. 我的英語(yǔ)快忘記了。 She is losing her eyesight. 她的視力在慢慢地喪失。 5. 表示剛剛過(guò)去的動(dòng)作：（動(dòng)詞為某些表示說(shuō)話的詞：tell，talk，say等） Believe it or not, I am telling the truth. 不管你信不信，我說(shuō)的都是實(shí)話。 I don’t know what you are talking about. 我不知道你們?cè)谡f(shuō)什么。 6. 表示某種感情色彩：與頻度副詞（always, continually, constantly, for ever）連用。 He is always plaining about the house. 他總是抱怨這間房子。 She is continually finding fault with me. 她總是對(duì)我吹毛求疵。 7. 表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語(yǔ)氣：（僅限hope, wonder等少數(shù)詞。） I am hoping you will give us some advice. 我希望你會(huì)給我們一些建議。 I am wondering if you can help us. 我想知道你能否幫我們。 三、 下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： ①表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。 ②表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to等。 ③表示行為結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，plete等。 ④表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。 四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的比較 ①暫時(shí)性動(dòng)作和經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作 The puter is working perfectly. 計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得很好。（暫時(shí)） The puter works perfectly. 計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)很好。（一直如此） ②持續(xù)性動(dòng)作和短暫性動(dòng)作 The bus is stopping. 車停了下來(lái)。（漸漸地） The bus stops.車停了。（迅速） ③暫時(shí)性動(dòng)作和永久性動(dòng)作 She is living in the country. 她現(xiàn)在住在農(nóng)村。（暫時(shí)） She lives in the country. 她住在農(nóng)村。（永久） ④有感情色彩和沒(méi)有感情色彩 He is doing well at school. 他在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)很好。（贊揚(yáng)） He does well at school. 他在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)很好。（一般事實(shí)） 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 常見(jiàn)考法： 1. 和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)放在一起考查； 2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)； 3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表抱怨、批評(píng)、贊揚(yáng)的用法。 誤區(qū)提醒 1. 對(duì)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)的動(dòng)詞不熟悉； 2. 與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)合起來(lái)考查時(shí)容易出錯(cuò)； 3. 辨別不出是在表示抱怨、贊揚(yáng)等，因此不敢用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行。 1. (2018天津卷單項(xiàng)填空)My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A. was repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 【答案】C 2.—Mr. Jordan, we want to hear your opinion about the current NBA games. —OK, I 　　　to that. A.am ing B. have e C. came D. e 【答案】A 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的用法。英語(yǔ)中有一部分動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。常見(jiàn)的有:e, go, leave, arrive, stay等。 3.—Hi, let’s go skating. —Sorry, I’m busy right now. I ___________ in an application form for a new job. A. fill B. have filled C. am filling D. will fill 【答案】C 考向二 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1. 概念：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示過(guò)去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去式形式（was, were）+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 否定形式：was / were + not + doing 一般疑問(wèn)句：把was或were放于句首 3. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法： （1）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 I was having a bath when the phone rang. 我正在洗澡，突然電話鈴響了。 She was writing letters. I didn’t want to disturb her. 她在寫(xiě)信。我不想打擾她。 （2）表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作。但是這種習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作具有過(guò)去某一階段的暫時(shí)性。 In those days, Tom used to get up at 9:00, but that week, he was getting up at 5:00 every day. （3）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常和always，constantly，forever，continually等頻度副詞連用，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某種行為的厭煩等不滿情緒。 He was always playing tricks on me. 他老是捉弄我。 He was constantly changing his mind. 他老是改變主意。 She was forever plaining. 她老是抱怨。 （4）表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間里按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。即表示過(guò)去將來(lái)。 Four of them were ing for Sunday lunch. 他們有四個(gè)人將在星期天來(lái)吃午飯。 Her daughter was going to a summer camp the following day. 她的女兒將在第二天去參加夏令營(yíng)。 （5）在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 He told me to wake him up if he was sleeping. I will let you know when Mary is arriving. （6）動(dòng)詞 hope, wonder 等的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來(lái)表示提出要求，雖然表示現(xiàn)在的內(nèi)容，但語(yǔ)氣比一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)要委婉。 I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知道您能不能讓我搭一下車。 I was thinking it might be a good idea to keep the window open. 我看還是把窗戶開(kāi)著的好。 注意： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)也有類似用法，區(qū)別在于：一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常表示主語(yǔ)的行為是經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)真考慮的，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則多表示一種較隨便或沒(méi)有進(jìn)行仔細(xì)考慮的行為。 （7）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的主觀臆想，與事實(shí)相反的情況。 She wishes that she were ing with us tomorrow. 她希望明天和我們一起來(lái)。（對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬） I wish that they were not talking so loudly. 我希望他們不要說(shuō)話那么大聲。（對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬） 注意： 當(dāng)一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中，通常是表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 4．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 ①一般過(guò)去時(shí)往往表示某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作在持續(xù)或未完成。 She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚給朋友寫(xiě)了封信。（信寫(xiě)完了） She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在給朋友寫(xiě)信。（信不一定寫(xiě)完） ②一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示只做一次動(dòng)作，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)地進(jìn)行。 She waved to me.她朝我揮了揮手。 She was waving to me.她不斷地朝我揮手。 The boy jumped up and down.這男孩跳了一下。 The boy was jumping up and down.這男孩不停地跳著。 1. （2018北京卷單項(xiàng)填空）Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 【答案】B 2.（2016北京卷單項(xiàng)填空）Jack ___________ in the lab when the power cut occurred. A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work 【答案】C 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：突然斷電時(shí)，杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作。根據(jù)occurred可知，這里指過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的事情，斷電時(shí)，杰克正在工作，要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選C。 3.（2017江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空） He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 【答案】 A 【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子成分可知，he和follow是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即他被別人跟蹤，排除B、D；根據(jù)句意＂在匆忙趕回家的路上，他從未回頭看是否正被跟蹤＂，故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)最合適，故選A。 考向三 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 1. 定義：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)是指將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+will be/be going to be +doing I will be sleeping at 12:00 p.m. 十二點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我將在睡覺(jué)。 I will be studying in university at the age of 20. 我20歲的時(shí)候我將會(huì)在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)。 3. 用法： （1）表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，一般帶狀語(yǔ)。 What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的這個(gè)時(shí)候你會(huì)做什么？ When he es to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他來(lái)我家時(shí)，我將在寫(xiě)報(bào)告。 （2）表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作會(huì)延續(xù)到將來(lái)。 I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon. 我想知道今天下午是否還會(huì)一直下雨。 I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning. 我想她會(huì)一直在做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)直到第二天早上。 （3）表示預(yù)定的將來(lái)動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)的預(yù)測(cè)。 Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay. 明天我將飛往孟買(mǎi)。 After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better. 吃完藥后，你會(huì)感覺(jué)好很多。 （4）表示委婉的請(qǐng)求。 When shall we be meeting again? 我們什么時(shí)候能再見(jiàn)面？ （5）表示原因。 Please e tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I’ll be having a meeting. 請(qǐng)明天下午過(guò)來(lái)。明天早上我將有一個(gè)會(huì)議。 （6）表示結(jié)果。 Stop the child or he will be falling over. 快阻止那個(gè)孩子，要不然他會(huì)摔跤的。 （7）表示對(duì)將來(lái)的打算（區(qū)別于對(duì)將來(lái)的預(yù)測(cè)） My duties will end in July, and I’ll be returning to Beijing. 七月我將結(jié)束工作，返回北京。 Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ___________ a class at that time. A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching 【答案】D 【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示要在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。分析此題需抓住時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)以及that time所代指的時(shí)間，再聯(lián)系所學(xué)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)所應(yīng)用的范圍及句意可以選出正確的答案。 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 單項(xiàng)填空 1.—Is it convenient for you to go shopping with me tomorrow morning? —I’m afraid not. I ___________ then. A. will have a meeting B. am about to have a meeting C. am having a meeting D. will be having a meeting 2.—Mr Foster, were you at home when Justin disappeared last night? —No, I ___________ that night on my road construction job. A. was working B. had worked C. would work D. had been working 3.—Could you attend the lecture about city development tomorrow afternoon? —Sorry, I ___________ to Paris for a Chinese silk exhibition then. A. will be flying B. will fly C. fly D. am flying 4.—Hi, Susan, where were you at lunch time? I ___________ a seat for you in the coffee shop. —Sorry, but my science class ran longer than usual. A. had saved B. have saved C. am saving D. was saving 5.—Excuse me, are you listening to me? —Sorry, I ___________ about the exam we will have tomorrow. A. thought B. was thinking C. am thinking D. think 6. At present, many new workers ___________ and in six months they will be sent to build a new railway. A. are being trained B. are training C. will train D. will be trained 7. —I feel scared, sir. —Don’t worry. I ___________ outside your house tonight ___________ any emergency. A. will be staying；in control of B. am about to stay；in case of C. am about to stay；in control of D. will be staying；in case of 8. I think we should accept that offer, for we ___________ such bad luck up till now and time ___________. A. have；is run out B. have had；is running out C. have had；is run out D. have；is running out 9. —Have you received a reply to your job application? —No. I ___________. A. waited B. am waiting C. have waited D. had been waiting 10. You probably can’t get much sleep if you live near ___________ a wedding reception ___________. A. the place；is being held B. the place where；has been held C. where；is being held D. which；has been held 題組二 能力提升 閱讀下面材料，在空格處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)中單詞的正確形式 After David’s daughter was born, he decided to make one million dollars. He thought in this way his daughter would live 1 happy life. In order to achieve his goal, David devoted most 2 his time to his business. While other fathers 3 (play) with their kids outside, he was working. While other fathers were reading stories to their kids, he was hanging out with his clients. His little daughter 4 (name) Jane hardly saw him. Time flew fast. One day, when David returned home from work, he saw Jane 5 (sit) in the living room. 6 she saw him, she ran to him and asked him to play with her for a while.＂Sorry, Jane, but I’m 7 (terrible) busy tonight. I have a lot of work to do.＂ He was about to leave when he heard Jane crying. So he stopped and asked why. ＂You’re always working. You have no time for me at all. You are not a good dad,＂ Jane said. David was 8 (lose) in thought after hearing that. He remembered why he worked so hard — he wanted Jane to live a happy life. However, things are against his wishes. He 9 (teach) a good lesson that day. Therefore, he made 題組三 體驗(yàn)真題 1.(2016北京)Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred. A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work 2.(2015浙江)Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was 3.(2015湖南)He must have sensed that I ________ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?" A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 單項(xiàng)填空 1. D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——明天早上你方便和我去購(gòu)物嗎？——恐怕不方便。那時(shí)我將正在開(kāi)會(huì)。表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間正在做某事，用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選D。 2. A 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——Mr. Foster，昨晚Justin失蹤的時(shí)候你在家嗎？——不在，那晚我一直在做公路建筑工作。這句話的時(shí)間是that night，而且是整晚一直做某事，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選A。 3. A 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——明天下午你能參加關(guān)于城市發(fā)展的講座嗎？——對(duì)不起，那個(gè)時(shí)候我正飛往巴黎去看中國(guó)的絲綢展。then指代的就是tomorrow afternoon，在將來(lái)的某一個(gè)時(shí)間正在做某事用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，故A項(xiàng)正確。 4. D 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，＂占位子＂就是在＂午飯期間＂發(fā)生的，當(dāng)時(shí)Susan還在上課，所以＂占位子＂要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。故選D。 6. A 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：現(xiàn)在，很多新員工正在接受培訓(xùn)，六個(gè)月后他們將被派去修新的鐵路，故選A。 7. D 【解析】考查將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和介詞短語(yǔ)。句意：——我感到害怕，先生?！?jiǎng)e擔(dān)心。我今晚會(huì)一直待在你房子外面以防有任何緊急事件。第一空用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)或某段時(shí)間一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；第二空用in case of 以防。故選D。 8. B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。up till now=so far是＂到目前為止＂的意思，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志；run out意思是＂用光，用盡＂，無(wú)被動(dòng)。此句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)。故選B。 9. B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——你收到工作申請(qǐng)的回復(fù)了嗎？——沒(méi)有。我一直在等。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，工作申請(qǐng)已經(jīng)發(fā)出，還沒(méi)有收到回復(fù)。因此推斷wait是說(shuō)話當(dāng)時(shí)存在的動(dòng)作。表示現(xiàn)階段存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選B。 題組二 能力提升 1. a 【解析】考查冠詞。句意：他認(rèn)為，這樣他的女兒將過(guò)上幸福的生活。live a / an... life為固定短語(yǔ)，意為＂過(guò)著……的生活＂，所以填a。 2. of 【解析】考查介詞。句意：為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他的目標(biāo)，David把大部分時(shí)間都奉獻(xiàn)在自己的生意上。most of ...為固定短語(yǔ)，意為＂大多數(shù)……＂，所以填of。 3. were playing 【解析】考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：當(dāng)其他的爸爸們?cè)谕饷婧退麄兊暮⒆油嫠５臅r(shí)候，他在工作。根據(jù)句意可知，該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；又根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致原則可知要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 4. named 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他的名字叫Jane的小女兒幾乎看不到他。根據(jù)句意可知，該空作daughter的后置定語(yǔ)，daughter和name之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。 5. sitting 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。see sb doing sth為固定短語(yǔ)，意為＂看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事＂。故此處應(yīng)填sitting。 6. When 【解析】考查連詞。句意：當(dāng)她看見(jiàn)他，她跑過(guò)去，請(qǐng)求他陪她玩一會(huì)兒。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系可知，前半句是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故應(yīng)填When，表示＂當(dāng)……的時(shí)候＂。 7. terribly 【解析】考查副詞。此處修飾形容詞busy，故填副詞terribly。 8. lost 【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：聽(tīng)了那些話之后，David 陷入思考。be lost in意為＂沉迷于……＂，故填lost。 9. was taught 【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：那天女兒給他上了很好的一課。根據(jù)句意可知主語(yǔ)he與teach為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是that day，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填was taught。 10. decision 【解析】考查名詞。make a decision為固定短語(yǔ)，意為＂做決定＂。故填decision。 題組三 體驗(yàn)真題 1.C 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：突然斷電時(shí)，杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作。根據(jù)occurred可知，這里指過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的事情，斷電時(shí)，杰克正在工作，綜合用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選C。 3.C 【解析】句意：他一定是注意到我在看著他。他突然看向我然后輕聲問(wèn)道：“你為什么要那樣盯著我看？”根據(jù)分析，此句在意義上應(yīng)該用進(jìn)行時(shí)，又根據(jù)此句中的must have sensed和glanced at可知是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選C。