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Unit 3　puters 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 No one loves me more than my parents, especially my father. My father is stout and strong, 1 a severe look on his face and keen expressive eyes. At first sight you may feel him hard 2 ( approach ). In fact he is very kind and considerate. I believe my father is a 3 ( talent ) man. He is decisive and efficient in doing things. By his own talents and years of efforts, he 4 ( provide ) his family with a good social position and a 5 ( relative ) rich life. Besides, he lives in harmony with others and never quarrels with anyone, so people from all walks of life e to my home, from 6 I’ve gained lots of social experiences. But at home he is a strict parent who is hard on me and has high 7 ( expectation ) of me. I can see that my idling away time 8 ( hurt ) him deeply, while if I have done something great and meaningful, such as 19___ ( write ) a book, he will be more excited than me. I always remind 10 ( me ) I must go on and on, and never shall I give up halfway. 【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述父親是一個(gè)結(jié)實(shí)健壯的人，友好善良，用自己的天賦和努力為家人創(chuàng)造了好的生活，但是父親對(duì)我嚴(yán)格，期待很高。我將不會(huì)辜負(fù)父親的厚望，一定努力，決不不半路放棄。 1.with 2.to approach 【解析】考查不定式。to approach作狀語(yǔ)修飾hard，形容詞后不定式作狀語(yǔ)，him是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)。故填to approach。 3.talented 【解析】考查形容詞。句意：父親是一個(gè)有天賦的人。talented＂有天賦的＂修飾man作定語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)用形容詞。故填talented。 4.has provided 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：用自己的天賦和多年的努力，父親為全家提供了好的社會(huì)地位和相對(duì)富裕的生活。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，＂提供＂這一動(dòng)作指過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。故填has provided。 5.relatively 【解析】考查副詞。relatively＂相對(duì)地＂修飾rich作狀語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)用副詞。故填relatively。 6.whom 【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。＂from ___6___ I’ve gained lots of social experiences＂作定語(yǔ)修飾all walks of life，作介詞賓語(yǔ)，指人，用關(guān)系代詞whom。故填whom。 7.expectations 8.hurts 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：我明白我虛度的時(shí)間深深傷害了他。講述現(xiàn)在的事情，且主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。故填hurts。 9.writing 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。 such as＂諸如＂，as是介詞，介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填writing。 10.myself 【解析】考查代詞。句意：我總是提醒我自己我必須一直向前，絕不半路放棄。主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一事物，作賓語(yǔ)用翻身代詞。故填myself。 total adj.總的；整個(gè)的 n．總數(shù)；合計(jì) (1)a total failure 完全失敗 a total of...總共…… in total 加起來(lái) (2)totally adv.完全地；整個(gè)地 ①(教材原句)As a result I totally changed my shape. 結(jié)果我的外形完全改變了。 ②A_total of 132 people were killed in the Paris attacks. 共有132人在巴黎恐怖襲擊中被殺。 ③My efforts ended in total (totally)failure. 我的努力終歸全盤(pán)失敗。 signal vi.& vt.發(fā)信號(hào)n.信號(hào) (1)a danger/warning signal 危險(xiǎn)/警告信號(hào) traffic signals 交通信號(hào)燈 a stop signal 停車(chē)信號(hào) (2)signal(to)sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事 signal to sb.向某人示意 signal(sb.)that 示意…… ①(教材原句)For example，I have learned to signal to my teammates in puter language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal. 例如，當(dāng)我啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候，我可以用計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言向隊(duì)友示意把球傳給我，這樣可以有一個(gè)漂亮的射門(mén)。 ②(2015湖北卷)In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to_signal (signal) that someone was moving about upstairs. 為了不被別人聽(tīng)到，她手指向上指，示意有人正在樓上走動(dòng)。 ③(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Rani’s friendliness—her warm smile，her nods，her‘I’m here for you’attitude—were all silent signals (signal) that didn’t travel through wires. Rani的友好——她溫暖的微笑，點(diǎn)頭，‘我與你同在’的態(tài)度——這一切都是無(wú)聲的無(wú)線傳遞的信號(hào)。 　signal/symbol/sign/mark signal 指為某一目的而有意發(fā)出的信號(hào) symbol 指象征或表達(dá)某種深邃意蘊(yùn)的特殊事物 sign 普通用詞。指人們公認(rèn)的事物的記號(hào)，也可指某種情況的征兆 mark 普通用詞，含義廣泛。既可指為便于辨認(rèn)而有意做的標(biāo)記，又可指自然形成的標(biāo)記或有別于其他事物的特征 arise vi.出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；起身，起床 (1)作“呈現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生”之意時(shí)，主語(yǔ)多為以下抽象名詞：argument/problem/quarrel/ question/movement。 (2)arise from由……而引起，由……而產(chǎn)生；從……中產(chǎn)生。 ①(教材原句)Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises. 然后，如果出現(xiàn)新的情況，她就準(zhǔn)備好可供使用的可靠的動(dòng)作。 ②Problems arise from/out_of the lack of munication. 由于缺乏交流而產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題。 arise/rise/raise/arouse 原形 詞性詞義 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 arise (vi.)出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生，起因于 arose arisen arising rise (vi.)升起，起立，增長(zhǎng)，上升 rose risen rising raise (vt.)舉起，提高，飼養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育，籌集，招募 raised raised raising arouse (vt.)喚醒，激起 aroused aroused arousing ③One of the problems arising (arise) from the present economic situation is that the price is rising (rise) sharply，of course，partly because some illegal businessmen raise it on purpose，which has_aroused (arouse) some objection. 由當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題之一是價(jià)格迅速上漲，當(dāng)然，部分原因是一些不法商販故意提高價(jià)格；這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)引起了一片反對(duì)之聲。 [填一填] ①I(mǎi)t is no easy task to raise a child in a family. ②The price of wheat has risen since last year. ③A new crisis has arisen. ④(2017江蘇卷)As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its workingage population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term. 【七選五】 Are you having trouble concentrating when youre reading a book or listening to a lecture？This list of activities might help to improve your study habits. Make a list.We often have trouble paying attention to one thing because our brain wants to think about something else. 1 You dont worry about whatever else you should be doing. Sleep more.Studies show that people who sleep fewer than eight hours a night for a period of time have slower response systems and more difficulty recalling information. 2 Eat healthier foods.Many people enjoy foods high in fats and sugars. 3 They might give you a temporary burst of energy.However，that energy is soon followed by a crash. Reduce screen time.This may be the most unpopular suggestion among young people.Screen time— time spent looking at cell phones，televisions，puter screens，has a clear effect on the attention span. 4 5 Concentration improves for students who participate in team sports.It could be that being active is helpful in this way.Participating in a sport trains your brain to concentrate on specific tasks，and shut out other thoughts. A．Be active. B．Practice more. C．These foods can provide enough energy for focusing. D．But these foods cant be helpful enough when it es to focusing. E．That is bad news for teens who stay up studying the night before a test. F．Researchers advise parents to limit it when their children need to be focused. G．By writing down all the things you need to do，youll gain a sense of control. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了幾種提高注意力的方法。 1．G　[根據(jù)本段的主題句“列清單”以及空后的“You dont worry about whatever else you should be doing.”可知，選G項(xiàng)。] 2．E　[根據(jù)本段的主題句“Sleep more.”和空前一句的內(nèi)容可知，選E項(xiàng)。] 3．D　[下文的“that energy is soon followed by a crash”與D項(xiàng)中的“cant be helpful enough”相對(duì)應(yīng)，故答案為D。] 4．F　[本段的主題句“Reduce screen time.”與選項(xiàng)F中的“l(fā)imit it”對(duì)應(yīng)，故答案為F。] 5．A　[空處為本段的主題句，由下文的“It could be that being active is helpful in this way.”可知，答案為A。] as a result 結(jié)果；因此 as a result of 作為……的結(jié)果，由于 without result 毫無(wú)結(jié)果地；無(wú)效地 result in＝lead to 導(dǎo)致，造成 result from由……引起，因?yàn)? ①(教材原句)As a result I totally changed my shape. 結(jié)果，我徹底改變了形狀。 ②We helped each other in studies and as a result we became good friends. 我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)上互相幫助，結(jié)果我們成了好朋友。 ③The accident resulted in the death of two passengers. 這起事故導(dǎo)致兩名乘客喪生。 ＝The death of two passengers resulted from the accident. ＝Two passengers died as a result of the accident. ④單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017北京卷)People have better access to health care than they used to，and they’re living longer as a result. in a way(＝in one way/in some way)從某一角度；在某種程度上 on one’s/the way to 在……的途中；即將成為 all the way 一路上；始終；一直 by the way 順便說(shuō) by way of 經(jīng)由；途徑 in the way 妨礙；擋路 in no way 決不 give way to 讓位于；讓路于 No way！別想！沒(méi)門(mén)！ ①(教材原句)In a way our programmer is like our coach. 從某種程度上講，我們的程序員就好比是我們的教練。 ②(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport，I figured it all out. 在去機(jī)場(chǎng)的路上，我坐在車(chē)的后面，把這一切都弄明白了。 ③In no way can we miss the chance that someone will be sent abroad for further education. 我們決不能錯(cuò)過(guò)這個(gè)被派往國(guó)外深造的機(jī)會(huì)。 [填一填] ①I(mǎi)’ll buy some vegetables on_my_way home. ②You’ll have to move—you’re in_the_way. ③It’s surprising that so many people should go abroad by_way_of Hong Kong. ④What he has said is reasonable in_a_way. ⑤(2017天津卷)In some ways, she lives in my house. deal with 處理；安排；對(duì)付；論述；談?wù)?；與……打交道 how to deal with sth./what to do with sth.如何處理某物 deal in sth.做……生意，經(jīng)營(yíng)，買(mǎi)賣(mài) make a deal 達(dá)成協(xié)議；做成交易 It’s a deal.成交；一言為定。 ①(教材原句)This means that it should clean the house，mop the floors，cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls. 這意味著它應(yīng)該打掃房間、擦地、煮飯和接聽(tīng)電話(huà)。 ②Such a man is difficult to_deal (deal)with. 這種人不容易相處。 ③With so many things to_deal (deal) with，I have to work late into the night. 有很多事情有待于處理，我得工作到深夜。 ④I have no way yet as to what to_do (do) with such a plicated situation. 這樣復(fù)雜的局面該怎么應(yīng)付我還沒(méi)譜兒呢。 　deal with/do with deal with 意為“處理；安排；對(duì)付；涉及；談?wù)摚慌c……交易”等，其中的deal是不及物動(dòng)詞，故該短語(yǔ)常與疑問(wèn)副詞how連用 do with 意為“處理；安排；對(duì)付”等，do為及物動(dòng)詞，該短語(yǔ)與疑問(wèn)代詞what連用 ⑤I don’t know how they will deal with the problem. ＝I don’t know what they will do with the problem. 我不知道他們將如何處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Last weekend I went on a ecotravel with a travel agency.All the way we appreciate the beautiful scenery and fresh air，so a few of us picked flowers while going sightseeing.What was worse，many tourists threw rubbishes here and there. I dont think that it is a truly ecotravel.An ecotravel not only allows us to express our love for nature，but needs our responsibility as well as.A real ecotravel should like this：take nothing away but your good memory；leave nothing behind but all cleaner water and green trees.Enjoyed the beauty of nature，we should try their best to protect it. 【答案】　 Last weekend I went on ecotravel with a travel agency.All the way we the beautiful scenery and fresh air， a few of us picked flowers while going sightseeing.What was worse，many tourists threw here and there. I dont think that it is a ecotravel.An ecotravel not only allows us to express our love for nature，but needs our responsibility as well .A real ecotravel should like this：take nothing away but your good memory；leave nothing behind but all water and green trees. the beauty of nature，we should try best to protect it. 第一處：a→an。考查冠詞。ecotravel的讀音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，所以用an。 第二處：appreciate→appreciated?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Last weekend可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 第三處：so→but。考查連詞。一路上我們欣賞美麗的景色，但是有人摘花。前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。 第四處：rubbishes→rubbish。考查名詞。rubbish作“垃圾”講，為不可數(shù)名詞。 第五處：truly→true。考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞ecotravel。 第六處：刪除well后的as?？疾楣潭ū磉_(dá)。as well as后跟賓語(yǔ)，意為“以及”，不符合語(yǔ)境，此處應(yīng)用as well表示“也”，放在句末。 第七處：like前加be?？疾橄祫?dòng)詞。此處like是介詞，should后缺少be動(dòng)詞。 第八處：cleaner→clean。考查形容詞。根據(jù)and后面的green以及語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞原級(jí)。 第九處：Enjoyed→Enjoying?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主語(yǔ)we和enjoy之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。 第十處：their→our。考查代詞。主語(yǔ)是we，此處表示“我們應(yīng)該盡我們最大的努力去保護(hù)大自然”，故應(yīng)用our。 As time went by，I was made smaller. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，我被做得更小了。 as意為“隨著”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 as作為連詞的用法主要有： (1)“正如；按照”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句； (2)“當(dāng)……時(shí)候；一邊……一邊；隨著”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句； (3)“因?yàn)椋患热弧?，引?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句； (4)“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(從句使用部分倒裝，即將形容詞、副詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞等放于as前面；單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞提前時(shí)應(yīng)該省掉冠詞)； (5)引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句，常用于as...as...句型，意為“像……一樣……”(第一個(gè)as是副詞，第二個(gè)as是連詞)。 ①As autumn draws (draw) near，leaves begin to fall from the trees. 隨著秋天的臨近，樹(shù)葉開(kāi)始凋落。 ②As you were (be) out，I left a message. 你不在，所以我留了一張字條。 ③Tired (Tire) as he was，he worked on. 盡管他很累，他還繼續(xù)工作。 ④單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017江蘇卷)A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to bee apparent, two ideas stand out. 　as/with as “隨著”，是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 with “隨著”，是介詞，后接名詞或代詞等構(gòu)成with短語(yǔ)或with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) ⑤As time went (go) on/by(＝With time going (go) on/by)，Einstein’s theory proved to be correct. 隨著歲月的推移，愛(ài)因斯坦的理論被證明是正確的。 And my memory became so_large_that even I couldn’t believe it! 我的存儲(chǔ)量變得如此之大，連我自己都不能相信！ so/such...that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如此……以至于”。 (1)so...that...基本句式： (2)such...that...基本句式： (3)so＋adj./adv.＋that...句型中，若結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句是否定形式，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)；若結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句是肯定形式，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“...enough to...”結(jié)構(gòu)。 (4)so that既引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句也引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常有can/could/may/might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)so that可用in order that代替。 (5)當(dāng)so/such及其后部分放在句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。 ①She is so clever a girl that we all like her. ＝She is such a clever girl that we all like her. ＝So clever a girl is she that we all like her. ＝Such a clever girl is she that we all like her. 她是一個(gè)如此聰明的姑娘，我們都喜歡她。 ②There was so little water left that only little children were given some. 剩下的水不多了，只給小孩分了一些。 ③It is such lovely weather that we all want to go out for a walk. 天氣那么好，我們都想出去散步。 【閱讀理解】 Grey clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10.It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail-95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail. When Lewis climbed on top of Lemhi Pass,140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug.12,1805,he was astonished by what was in front of him; ＂high mountain chains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow.＂ Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East. Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is an evidence to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred (神圣的)gift. It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it. The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow keeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post Office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft, we have covered 13 miles in soft snow, and we hardly have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge (山脊）.There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are occupied with the things that mix fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark. 1. We learn from the text that before 1805 . A. The Rocky Mountains were wholly covered with snow B. there were no people living in the western part of America C.no Americans knew of the existence of the Rocky Mountains D. the Appalachians were the western frontier of the United States 2.We learn from the text that the Lolo Pass . A. has changed a lot since 1805 B.is the meeting point of three cultures C. remains much the same as it was 200 years ago D. now attracts a large number of tourists to visit 3.Judging from the text, Lewis and Clark were most probably . A. two native Indians B. explorers of the early 19th century C. merchants who did business with the Indians D. travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass 4.We can infer from the text that when crossing the Lolo Pass the author . A. was attempting the impossible B. was trying to set a world record C. was following the trail of Lewis and Clark D. was fighting with weather and taking unnecessary risks 【文章大意】本文紀(jì)錄的是一次追尋前人足跡的探險(xiǎn)，盡管天氣、路程等的艱難，但是在作者看來(lái)卻是已經(jīng)趕上了以前的探險(xiǎn)者。 1.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.可知答案為C。 2.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.可知答案為C。 4.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的描述可知，作者他們是沿著Lewis and Clark的足跡進(jìn)行探險(xiǎn)的。