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第五講　狀語從句 第一課時(shí)　知識過關(guān)課 1.在時(shí)間狀語或條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)。 2.辨析：when，while，as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。while必須與延續(xù)性動詞連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動作延續(xù)到從句所指的整個時(shí)間時(shí)，只能用while；表示“隨著”只能用as；表示有規(guī)律的“每當(dāng)”時(shí)或主句動作與從句動作有先后時(shí)，只能用when。 3.辨析：because，since，as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。because語氣最強(qiáng)，表示直接的原因，是說話人認(rèn)為對方不知道的原因，它引導(dǎo)的從句通常位于主句之后；在回答why時(shí)，或者在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用because。since和as是對大家已知的事實(shí)提供理由或背景，它們引導(dǎo)的從句多位于主句前，有時(shí)也位于主句后。 4.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，從句中的狀語、表語或動詞必須置于句首；though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，這些成分可置于句首也可用正常語序；但although等其他詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不能將這些成分前置。 5.表示“雖然”的連詞though/although不能與表示“但是”的連詞but連用；表示“原因”的because等連詞不可與表示結(jié)果的連詞so等同時(shí)使用。 讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分。思考：有多少種狀語從句？下面的狀語從句各屬于哪一種？有哪些特殊的用法？ My mother was cooking in the kitchen while[1] I was doing my school assignments.As__soon__as[2] I finished my homework, I went to get some water to drink. Then the doorbell rang. However, my sister unlocked the door before[3] I could open it.We were surprised the__moment[4] we saw her because[5] her clothes and face were terribly dirty.She looked much poorer than[6] we expected. Since[7] we didn’t know what had happened to her, we stood there and waited for my sister’s story. We wouldn’t leave unless[8] my sister told us all about it. After[9] my sister got changed, she told us that she fell into a ditch when[10] she walked on a path on her way to my uncle’s home in the countryside. She couldn’t get out of the ditch.Although[11] she cried for help, no one could hear her. She tried to climb out of it, but, however[12] hard she tried, she failed to escape from it. As[13] time went by, she got worried. After several vain attempts she had to stand where[14] she was and waited until[15] a boy student passed by and gave her a hand. The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope. She did as[16] the boy told, so__that[17] she came out. My sister also warned us to be careful when[18] walking on a path even__though/if [19] we are in a great hurry. That’s true. We should mind our step so__that[20] we can ensure our safety. 1.用于對比兩件事，意思是“而……”用while，不能用when/as代替。 2.as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“一……就……”。 3.before表示“還沒來得及就……”。 4.名詞詞組如the moment/the second/the day/the first time/next time...等可以用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 5.引導(dǎo)表示原因的從句時(shí)用because，其引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般放在主句之后，而如果只是名詞性短語表示原因，則用because of引導(dǎo)。 6.在表示比較時(shí)，用than來引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，than也可以作介詞。 7.對大家已知的事實(shí)提供理由或背景時(shí)，常用since引導(dǎo)，意思是“既然”。其引導(dǎo)的從句多在主句之前。 8.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，unless＝if...not，是“除非，如果不”之意。 9.after/before引導(dǎo)表示時(shí)間先后的狀語從句，根據(jù)實(shí)際表達(dá)需要選用其一。 10.when引導(dǎo)表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”的時(shí)間狀語從句。 11.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，可以用although或though，主句可以與副詞still連用，但不能再與連詞but連用了，一個復(fù)合句只需一個連詞。當(dāng)是as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，從句中的狀語、表語或動詞置于句首。 12.however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，其后常接形容詞或副詞，用于修飾該形容詞或副詞，wherever，whenever也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，在從句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于no matter how/where/when；另外whatever，whoever，whichever也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 13.表示“隨著”時(shí)，只能用as引導(dǎo)。 14.引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句時(shí)，用where/wherever，表示“在……的地方”。 15.固定用法“直到……才……”可以用兩種表達(dá)形式：“延續(xù)性動詞＋until＋句子”(用肯定形式)；“not＋短暫性動詞＋until＋句子”(用否定形式)。 16.引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時(shí)，可以用as，意思是“按照，像……那樣”。 17.so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，從句表示的通常是某件事的結(jié)果。 18.when引導(dǎo)表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”的時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，如果主句的主語和從句的主語是一致的，可以省略when從句的主語和be動詞，用分詞來表示。 19.表示“即使，盡管”的even though/if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 20.so that除了引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句外，還可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，常與情態(tài)動詞can/could等連用。 Ⅰ.單句填空(用適當(dāng)?shù)膹膶龠B詞填空) 1.However hard you try, it is very difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 2.—Did Jenny return early last night? —Exactly. It was not yet nine o’clock when she arrived home. 3.Though/Although the doctor has warned him of the side effects of the medicine, he still takes it every day. 4.If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one. 5.Quiet boy as/though he may be, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. 6.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife. 7.She says that she’ll have to close the shop unless business improves. 8.If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay where you are and wait for help. 9.I went on with my work until I finished washing all the clothes. 10.You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work. Ⅱ.單句改錯(下列每句中有一處錯誤，每處涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。) 1.He can’t e because of he is ill.去掉because后的of 2.She studied hard so that could catch up with others.在that后加she 3.Only we keep optimistic can we succeed.在only后加when 4.When he hesitating, a man came up to him.在he后加was 5.Although she was in poor health, but she continued to carry out her duties.去掉but 6.I will stick to my plan if you agree with me or not.if→whether 7.I lived in this house since I came to this city.在lived前加have 8.I had hardly got home than it began to rain.than→when 9.We left in so a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.so→such 10.He came in quietly in order to he wouldn’t wake his wife.to→that Ⅲ.語篇填空(在下面空格處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，使結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語意通順。) My classmate Michael studied very hard 1.________ he went to senior school. Every day he worked 2.________ every one left the classroom. He said he wouldn’t stop trying 3.________ he got satisfying scores in his studies.Hard 4.________ he tried, he made little progress, but he didn’t lose heart at all 5.________ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day.6.________ time went by, he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Guangzhou at last. We had a get－together party 7.________ we started our new life in university.8.________ everyone had got offers from universities, we had a very good time. When we stood 9.________ we used to play and study, we couldn’t help thinking of our happy old days. We believed we would never forget each other，10.________ we would go or whatever we would do. Before we departed，11.________ we seemed a little sadder 12.________ before, we still fought back the tears. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　我的同學(xué)Michael上了高中之后努力學(xué)習(xí)，一開始效果并不好，但經(jīng)過堅(jiān)持不懈的努力，他終于考上了廣州的一所大學(xué)。 1.after　[根據(jù)語境“Michael上了高中后就開始努力學(xué)習(xí)”。] 2.until　[“直到……才……”是固定用法，“延續(xù)性動詞＋until＋句子”用肯定形式，而“not＋短暫性動詞＋until＋句子”則用否定形式。] 3.unless　[根據(jù)句意“除非他取得滿意的成績，否則他是不會放棄的”可知。] 4.as　[引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，從句中的狀語、表語或動詞置于句首，意思是“盡管”。] 5.because　[根據(jù)前面可知“盡管他沒有取得很大的進(jìn)步，但是他毫不氣餒，因?yàn)樗麍?jiān)信只要堅(jiān)持，總會成功”。] 6.As　[根據(jù)句意“隨著時(shí)間的流逝”，只能用as。] 7.before　[引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意思是“在……之前”。] 8.Since　[從下文“we had a very good time”可以推斷出，此從句是原因狀語從句，從句在主句之前，常用since，意思是“既然”。] 9.where　[動詞stood是不及物動詞，其后跟的是表示地點(diǎn)的狀語從句，意為“站在曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)和玩耍的地方”。] 10.wherever　[從下文“or whatever we would do”可知，前面是一樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，從句缺狀語。] 11.although/though　[從下文的“we still fought back the tears”可知前面是讓步狀語從句。] 12.than　[從前面的“a little sadder”可知是比較狀語，用than。] 第二課時(shí)　高考研究課 狀語從句在語法填空中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 1.正確理解語境； 2.根據(jù)語境暗含的邏輯關(guān)系，選用正確的連接詞。 真題驗(yàn)證1 1.Pahlsson screamed ________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt myself，”says Pahlsson.(2017浙江卷) 答案　so　[Pahlsson大聲尖叫，以至于她的女兒跑了過來。根據(jù)后面的loudly that her daughter came running from the house可知，此處為so... that...表示“如此……以至于……”，so在此處修飾副詞loudly。] 2.Over time, ________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.(2016全國卷Ⅲ) 答案　as/when　[語境意義：隨著人口的增長……。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)該填時(shí)間狀語的連詞。] 3.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. ________ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little forting pats.(2016四川卷) 答案　When/If　[語境意義：這位媽媽在很大程度上和人類一樣用前肢抱著嬰兒，如果嬰兒哭了/當(dāng)嬰兒哭的時(shí)候，它會前后搖晃，并輕輕拍打來安慰嬰兒。根據(jù)語境可知所填之處引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句或時(shí)間狀語從句。] 4.Oh..., ________ you don’t mind，I’ll stop and take a deep breath.(遼寧卷) 答案　if　[語境意義：如果你不介意，我想停下來喘口氣。根據(jù)語境可知所填之處引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。] 狀語從句在短文改錯中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 1.根據(jù)語境體現(xiàn)的上下文邏輯關(guān)系，判斷連詞是否正確； 2.兩個并列成分之間是否只有一個連詞。 真題驗(yàn)證2 1.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.(2015陜西卷)________ 答案　after→when/while　[連詞誤用，after意為：在……之后；when/while意為：在……時(shí)候。] 2.Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.(2016全國卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　去掉but　[連詞多余，句子中含有though/although時(shí)，后面的句子不再使用but。] 第三課時(shí)　寫作增分課 狀語從句在寫作中的增分點(diǎn) 一、用好時(shí)間狀語從句 1.他正沿著馬路騎車上學(xué)，這時(shí)，一輛小汽車插進(jìn)來，把他撞倒了。(ride along the road, cut in, knock him down) He__was__riding__along__the__road__when__a__car__cut__in__and__knocked__him__down. 2.隨著時(shí)間流逝，我漸漸對自己失去了信心。(lose confidence in, gradually, as time goes by) I__lost__confidence__in__myself__gradually__as__time__went__by. 3.我一聽到這個消息，就急不可待地想告訴我父母。(the moment, can’t wait to) I__couldn’t__wait__to__tell__my__parents__the__news__the__moment__I__heard__it. 4.他不久就會辭職。他在我來這里之前很久就在這里教學(xué)。(quit, before long, long before) He__will__quit__before__long.__He__began__to__teach__here__long__before__I__came__here. 5.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)趁還來得及早點(diǎn)采取措施。(take measures, too late) We__should__take__measures__before__it’s__too__late. 6.直到老師跟我談心之后，我才意識到我犯了多么大的一個錯誤。(not until, realize) Not__until__my__teacher__had__a__talk__with__me__heart__to__heart__did__I__realize__what__a__mistake__I__had__made. 二、利用原因狀語從句中的高級句式來寫作 1.李華一定是來了，因?yàn)樗臅谡n桌上。(must have, for) Li__Hua__must__have__e,__for__his__books__are__on__his__desk. 2.既然你不得不整天呆在教室里，你倒不如利用這個機(jī)會全身心地投入到學(xué)習(xí)上。(now that, might as well, put your heart into) Now__that__you__have__to__stay__in__the__classroom__all__day,__you__might__as__well__put__your__heart__into__your__studies. 3.你應(yīng)當(dāng)好好學(xué)習(xí)，因?yàn)樗梢詾槟愕奈磥泶蛳聢?jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。(in that, lay a solid foundation) You__should__study__hard__in__that__it__can__lay__a__solid__foundation__for__your__future. 4.他考試不及格是因?yàn)樗中摹?fail the exam, because, careless) He__failed__the__exam__because__he__was__careless. 三、地點(diǎn)狀語從句對寫作也很增彩 1.哪里陽光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就綠油油的。(wherever, the fields are green) Wherever__there’s__plenty__of__sun__and__rain,__the__fields__are__green. 2.不管你在哪里，不管你做什么，一定要照看好自己。(wherever, whatever, take care of) Wherever__you__are__and__whatever__you__do,__please__take__good__care__of__yourself. 3.當(dāng)你讀書的時(shí)候，你最好在你不理解的地方做個標(biāo)記。(make a mark) When__you__are__reading,__you’d__better__make__a__mark__where__you__don’t__understand. 四、用好方式狀語從句 1.你可以按照上次我告訴你的那樣下載這個軟件。(download the software, as) You__can__download__the__software__as__I__told__you__last__time. 2.他看起來好像前一天夜里沒睡覺一樣。(as if, sleep a wink) He__looked__as__if__he__hadn’t__slept__a__wink__the__night__before. 3.他英語說得非常流利，好像他就是一個母語是英語的人一樣。(fluently, as if, native speaker) He__speaks__English__very__fluently__as__if__he__were__a__native__speaker. 五、正確利用目的狀語從句來寫作 1.在考試中我非常緊張，害怕考試再一次不及格。(be nervous, for fear that, fail) I__was__very__nervous__in__the__exam__for__fear__that__I__should__fail__a__second__time. 2.我每天五點(diǎn)鐘就起床，以便能在期末考試中能拿到班級第一名。(so that, get the first place) I__get__up__at__5__am__every__day__so__that__I__can__get__the__first__place__in__our__class__in__the__final__exams. 3.請帶上雨傘或者雨衣，以防下雨。(umbrella, raincoat, in case) Please__take__an__umbrella__or__a__raincoat__with__you__in__case__it__rains. 4.多和父母交流，以便你們能更好地相互了解。(municate with) municate__more__frequently__with__your__parents__so__that__you__can__understand__each__other__better. 六、利用條件狀語從句中的高級句式來寫作 1.我明天會準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那里，除非下雨。(unless) I__will__get__there__on__time__unless__it__rains__tomorrow. 2.只要你堅(jiān)持按你制定的計(jì)劃來提高英語，你的英語就會越來越好。(as long as, stick to, improve) As__long__as__you__stick__to__the__plan__you’ve__made__to__improve__your__English,__your__English__will__get__better__and__better. 3.一旦他下定決心，沒有人能改變。(once, make up one’s mind, change it) Once__he’s__made__up__his__mind,__nobody__can__change__it. 七、正確利用讓步狀語從句來寫作 1.盡管我們的政府已采取了一些措施，但是污染卻越來越嚴(yán)重。(although, government, take some measures, pollution) Although__the__government__has__taken__some__measures,__the__pollution__is__still__getting__worse__and__worse. 2.即使你落到別人后面也不要泄氣。(get discouraged, even if) Don’t__get__discouraged__even__if__you__have__fallen__behind__others. 3.所有的學(xué)生，不管他們的學(xué)業(yè)成績是好是壞，都在為到來的考試做準(zhǔn)備。(whether...or, academic performance, prepare oneself for) All__the__students,__whether__their__academic__performances__are__good__or__bad,__are__all__preparing__themselves__for__the__ing__exams. 4.盡管上網(wǎng)有好處，但不要在上面花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間。(while, the Internet, of great help, spend too much) While__the__Internet__is__of__great__help,__don’t__spend__too__much__time on__it.