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Unit 4　Earthquakes 【短文語法填空】 One night four college kids 1. (stay) out late，partying and having a good time.They paid no attention 2. the test that had been scheduled for the next day and didn’t study.In the morning，they hatched a plan to get out of 3. (take) their test.They covered 4. (they) with grease(潤滑油) and dirt and went to the Dean’s office 5. (nervous). Once there，they said they 6. (be) to a wedding the previous night and on the way back they got 7. flat tire and had to push the car back to campus. The Dean listened to their sad story and got lost in deep 8. (think)．Then he offered them a retest three days later.They thanked him and accepted his offer. 9． the test day arrived，they went to the Dean.The Dean put them all in separate 10. (room) for the test.They were fine with this since they had all studied hard.Then they saw the test.It had 2 questions. (1)Your Name (1 Points) (2)Which tire burst？ (99 Points) Options—(a)Front Left (b)Front Right (c)Back Left (d)Back Right 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要講述了幾個(gè)大學(xué)生考前在外貪玩，之后撒謊逃避考試，系主任巧妙應(yīng)對的有趣故事。 1．stayed　解析：考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。通讀文章和“One night”可知發(fā)生在過去，故填stayed。 2．to　解析：考查介詞。固定搭配pay attention to sth.意為“留心，注意某事”，故用介詞to。 3．taking　解析：考查非謂語動詞。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式作賓語，故填taking。 4．themselves　解析：考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，他們在自己身上抹上潤滑油和泥土。該空與句子主語“They”呼應(yīng)，故用themselves作賓語。 5．nervously　解析：考查副詞。副詞修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。故用副詞nervously修飾動詞went。 6．had been　解析：考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。參加婚禮發(fā)生在他們陳述事件之前，表示過去的過去，故用過去完成時(shí)。 7．a(chǎn)　解析：考查冠詞。tire是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，又因flat的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。 8．thought　解析：考查名詞。deep是形容詞，修飾名詞，且be/get lost in thought為固定短語，意為“陷入沉思”，故用名詞thought。 9．When　解析：考查連詞。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，符合語境。 10．rooms　解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)語境可知，系主任把他們安排在不同的房間，因此此處表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，故用rooms。 burst vi.爆裂；爆發(fā)；突然闖入 n．突然破裂；爆發(fā) (1)burst in/into 闖入；突然破門而入 burst out 突然迸發(fā)；爆發(fā) 突然哭起來/笑起來 burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/樂不可支 (2)a burst of 一陣…… ①(教材原句)In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物的水管爆裂開來。 ②(2016北京卷)It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out，particularly when there are reasons to do so. 年輕人很可能爆發(fā)，這一點(diǎn)也不讓人吃驚，尤其是當(dāng)有這樣做的理由時(shí)。 ③That balloon will_burst (burst) if you blow it up any more. 你再給氣球充氣，它就要爆了。 injure vt.損害；傷害 (1)injured adj.受傷的 the injured 傷員 (2)injury n．傷；傷口；傷害 do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.傷害某人 ①(教材原句)Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 他們中有2/3在地震中傷亡。 ②The victim suffered a dreadful injury (injure) and lost a lot of blood. 受害者受了重傷，大量失血。 　injure/wound/hurt/harm injure 多指意外事故造成的傷害，也可指對名譽(yù)、地位的損害。其名詞形式為injury wound 既可以作動詞，也可以作名詞。指人在戰(zhàn)斗、攻擊中受傷，身體上出現(xiàn)明顯的傷口，多指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷 hurt 既可以作動詞，也可以作名詞。多指精神上受到傷害，也可指身體上的疼痛 harm 既可以作動詞，也可以作名詞。指身體或精神上的損害或?qū)χ車挛锏奈：ΑＲ鉃椤皞?，損害”。常用短語do harm to“對……有害” ③He retired from the army because of being_wounded (wound) in a fight.Soon after，he met with an accident，where he was not injured (injure) luckily but was_hurt (hurt) to some degree. 他因在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷退伍了。不久他遭遇了一次車禍，幸運(yùn)的是他身體沒有受傷，但在一定程度上心靈受了創(chuàng)傷。 ④單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅱ)These chemicals e from the injured (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸，使專心 (1)be buried in＝bury oneself in＝be absorbed in 埋頭于；專心于 be buried in thought 沉思 (2)bury oneself in study 埋頭研究；專心學(xué)習(xí) bury one’s face in one’s hands 雙手掩面 ①(教材原句)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 救援部隊(duì)組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來，并將死者掩埋。 ②Ever since he moved there，he has_buried_himself/has_been_buried (bury) in his research work. 自從搬到那里以后，他一直在專注于研究工作。 ③Buried/Burying_himself (bury) in his study，he didn’t know that all the others had left. 他埋頭學(xué)習(xí)，不知道其他人都早已離開了。 表“專心于某事”的短語常見的還有： be devoted to，be absorbed in，be addicted to，be lost in，focus on，concentrate on 【七選五】 Controlling Anger Being angry is something beyond the control of people　1　Being angry can do a lot of damages, both mental and physical. However, there are methods for discovering how to control anger and not suffer later. ●　2　The moment you feel there are chances of you being angry, get away from those circumstances. In fact, there can be no better a judge than you, for discovering what it is or who it is that makes you bee angry, and then at that moment choose to think about something else that can lighten your feelings. ●Keep a check on your breathing.　3　By controlling the process of breathing, you can actually slow down your anger greatly. You can count till the number three as you breathe in, hold it for 3 seconds and again count till three while breathing out. You have to concentrate on the count as you do this and repeat for as many times as is required. ●　4　For example, if youre experiencing road anger while driving, you can choose to tell yourself that the person who overtook you by a vehicle was in a hurry as a result of some emergency and appreciate the fact that nothing major had happened to your car. Repeat this form of self-talk to yourself every time you are in the middle of such an angry situation. ●Look for a support in other people.　5　It needs to be clear right at the beginning as to why you are discussing your concerns with that individual. Let the other individual know what you want from the other person. After youre done with your part of discussing about the circumstances, chances are that youll feel much better than before. A. Talk to yourself positively. B. e to a stop as soon as you are angry. C. Try to see the situation in a different light. D. You can also ask for help from the one you rely on. E. What you can do when you bee angry is to breathe deeply. F. In fact, almost all people at one point of time or the other bee angry. G. You can imagine going to a place you consider to be calming as well as relaxing. 【文章大意】生氣傷身，但是每個(gè)人不可避免地會生氣。如何控制生氣呢？本文給出了四項(xiàng)有效措施：生氣時(shí)停一停；生氣時(shí)深呼吸；生氣時(shí)自嘲；尋求別人的幫助等。 1.F 【解析】根據(jù)下文Being angry can do a lot of damages, both mental and physical.可知，生氣對精神和身體都有很大壞處，接著講述了控制生氣的方法，因此推斷F項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上，幾乎所有的人都有可能在某一時(shí)刻會生氣”符合語境。故選F。 3.E 【解析】根據(jù)段落標(biāo)題和空格下文By controlling the process of breathing, you can actually slow down your anger greatly.可知，生氣時(shí)調(diào)整呼吸，通過控制呼吸的過程，減慢生氣，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“breathe”可知E項(xiàng)“生氣時(shí)你可以做深呼吸”符合語境。故選E。 4.A 【解析】空格處為段落標(biāo)題。本段通過一個(gè)例子，當(dāng)你開車路怒的時(shí)候，你可以告訴自己超過你的那個(gè)人可能有緊急事情感激你的車沒有發(fā)生什么大事，生氣的情況下多重復(fù)幾遍這個(gè)過程。因此推斷本段建議生氣時(shí)積極的自言自語。故選A。 5.D 【解析】根據(jù)段落標(biāo)題Look for a support in other people.可知，本段建議生氣時(shí)尋求別人的支持，support與D項(xiàng)中提到的“help”一樣相近，因此推斷D項(xiàng)“你可以嘗試向你信賴的人尋求幫助”符合語境。故選D。 at an end 結(jié)束；終結(jié) (1) (2) (3)end up with 以……結(jié)束 end up doing something 以做某事結(jié)束； 最后處于…… end in sth 以……結(jié)束 ①(教材原句)It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！ ②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing (apologize)． 最初他拒不承認(rèn)有任何責(zé)任，到頭來還是道了歉。 ③At_the_end_of (在……末)the meeting，the general manager said in a loud voice，“We’ve tried hard to solve the financial problem，and in_the_end (終于) we’ve succeeded.So by_the_end_of (到……結(jié)束時(shí)) next week，the bad situation will e to_an_end (結(jié)束) and everything will be all right.” 在會議快結(jié)束時(shí)，總經(jīng)理大聲地說，“我們已盡力去解決財(cái)政問題，我們最終成功了。所以到下星期末，這種不利的局面將結(jié)束并且一切將好起來”。 a (great) number of 許多；大量的 ＋不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語 (large) amounts of＋名詞＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語 quantities of＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語 a quantity of＋名詞＋單數(shù)謂語 a mass of＋可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語 a mass of＋不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語 masses of＋名詞＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語 a great deal修飾形容詞比較級 ①(教材原句)Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping. 那么多的人喪生是因?yàn)榈卣鸢l(fā)生在人們睡覺的時(shí)候。 ②Large numbers of dead fish along the shore of river have_appeared (appear) in these days. 近幾天河邊發(fā)現(xiàn)大量死魚． ③Quantities of/Masses of food were (be) on the table. 飯桌上有許多飯菜。 　a number of.../the number of... a number of... 許多；大量的，后接可數(shù)名詞，在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 the number of... ……的數(shù)目，后接可數(shù)名詞，在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 ④A number of teachers are (be) present today，and the number of them is (be) 300. 許多教師今天都出席了，人數(shù)達(dá)到了300。 ＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋單數(shù)謂語 【短文改錯(cuò)】 A survey (調(diào)查)has recently carried out among the students in our school about whether they would like it if their parents gave birth to a second child.Opinions vary wide from one to another. Most of the students supported the idea.They think that it would be amazing to have a brother and a sister to keep the pany and share secrets with.Besides，we believe a second child would bring lots of funs to the family. However，the rest of the students interviewing hold the opposite view.To start with，raising one child is already a difficult thing and the parents would have to work twice as hard if they had a second child.Whats more，they argue whether they have been accustomed to enjoy the whole love from their parents. 答案： A survey (調(diào)查)has recently carried out among the students in our school about whether they would like it if their parents gave birth to a second child.Opinions vary from one to another. Most of the students the idea.They think that it would be amazing to have a brother a sister to keep the pany and share secrets with.Besides， believe a second child would bring lots of to the family. However，the rest of the students hold the opposite view.To start with，raising one child is already a difficult thing and the parents would have to work twice as hard if they had a second child.Whats more，they argue they have been accustomed to the whole love from their parents. ?　解析：A survey和carry out為被動關(guān)系，所以加been。 ?　解析：vary是動詞，用副詞修飾，所以用widely。 ?　解析：這是陳述事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，將supported改為support。 ?　解析：and表示并列，此處句意為選擇而非并列，故用or。 ?　解析：keep pany陪伴，陪同。 ?　解析：由句意得此處主語為students，所以為they。 ?　 解析：fun為不可數(shù)名詞，無復(fù)數(shù)形式所以將funs改為fun。 ?　 解析：student和interview為被動關(guān)系，所以用ed形式作定語。 ?　解析：whether引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，而文中是陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)所以將whether刪掉或者改為that。 　解析：accustom固定搭配be accustomed to doing 所以將enjoy變?yōu)閑njoying。 Thousands of families were killed and many children were_left without parents. 成千上萬個(gè)家庭遇難，許許多多的孩子變成孤兒。 leave＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)。leave在此句式中作使役動詞用，既有“剩下，留下”之意，也表示“使……處于某狀態(tài)中”。在leave的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中很多詞、短語等都能充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語。 leave作使役動詞的用法： ①Never leave young children unattended (unattend) near any pool or water tank. 千萬不能放任小孩呆在水池或水槽附近不管。 ②We hurriedly ended our meeting，leaving (leave) many problems to be settled. 我們匆匆地結(jié)束了會議，留下了很多問題等待解決。 ③The terrible disease left the old man very weak (weakness)． 這場大病使得老人身體非常虛弱。 ④單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅱ)Leave it open (open) when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not. All hope was_not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破滅了。 (1)英語中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，pletely，always，whole，wholly，entirely，altogether等具有總括意義的代詞、形容詞和副詞與否定詞not連用，無論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。 (2)英語中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語一起使用構(gòu)成“全部否定”。 ①Not both of the two math problems are (be) very difficult. 這兩道數(shù)學(xué)題并非都很難。 ②None of us was_allowed (allow) to go there. 我們?nèi)疾蛔屓ツ抢铩? ③Every boy is_not_interested (interest) in sports.＝Not every boy is_interested (interest) in sports. 并非所有的男孩都喜歡運(yùn)動。 【閱讀理解】 Best friends may be priceless but the cost of keeping the relationship alive is ￡23,870. According to a study, a BFF (Best Friend Forever) does not e cheap with devoted pals blowing ￡4,679 on birthday presents alone over a lifetime. And while it costs nothing to be a shoulder to cry on, bighearted Britons go the extra mile and spend ￡168 on pickmeups (提神物品) to get their mate through a rocky patch(艱難時(shí)刻) like the breakup of a relationship. Theres a further ￡242 spent on presents to show how much they mean from gifts bought on holiday to treats for no reason. And distance does not break up a close friendship as BFFs spend a whopping (巨大的) ￡18,000 on travel to see each other despite being miles apart because of university, jobs and marriage. The study by cashback site TopCashBack found on average BFFs who wed can expect ￡431 spent on them and a further ￡283 on gifts when they have children. And they can rely on their pals to help out when they move house as they will obtain ￡127 worth of housewarming presents and takeaways as well as putting in a shift with the packing and unpacking. The survey based on a friendship lasting 40 years found more than eight in ten adults with a BFF felt their friendships were worth every penny. TopCashBack spokesperson Natasha Smith said, “Those friendships which stand the test of time are often the most important in our lives. However, they e at a cost. From train tickets once a month to flights and a new dress for a wedding on the Italian coast, the price paid for having a best mate can soon add up. But when we asked people to pare their friendship with the monetary investment, only 14% thought their friendship was equal to their investment with the vast majority thinking it was worth more.” 【文章大意】　最好的朋友也許是無價(jià)的，但維持一段友誼卻是高價(jià)的。那么你知道維持一段友誼需要多少錢嗎？一項(xiàng)研究給出了答案。 【長難句分析】And while it costs nothing to be a shoulder to cry on, bighearted Britons go the extra mile and spend ￡168 on pickmeups(提神物品) to get their mate through a rocky patch(艱難時(shí)刻) like the breakup of a relationship.(第二段第二句) 分析：本句為復(fù)合句。while it costs nothing to be a shoulder to cry on為讓步狀語從句。主句為bighearted Britons go the extra mile...relationship。 譯文：雖然在朋友哭泣時(shí)成為朋友的依靠不需要花費(fèi)什么，但是慷慨大方的英國人會為朋友付出更多，他們會花168英鎊來為朋友買能令人振作的物品，助其度過諸如關(guān)系破裂等困難時(shí)期。 1 What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Ambitious. B．Generous. C．Troublesome. D．Energetic. 答案與解析：B　考查詞義猜測。畫線部分后的“go the extra mile and spend ￡168 on pickmeups(提神物品) to get their mate through a rocky patch (艱難時(shí)刻) like the breakup of a relationship”就是對它的進(jìn)一步說明。此處指雖然在朋友哭泣時(shí)成為朋友的依靠并不需要花費(fèi)什么，但是英國人會為朋發(fā)付出更多，他們會花168英鎊來為朋友買令人振作的物品，助其度過諸如失戀等困難時(shí)期。畫線部分的意思應(yīng)該是“慷慨的”，故選B。 2. To keep the relationship, where do BFFs spend most money? A．Buying birthday presents. B．Cheering up a friend in low spirits. C．Paying for holiday gifts and other treats. D．Going a particular distance to visit friends. 答案與解析：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“blowing ￡4,679 on birthday presents”“spend ￡168 on pickmeups(提神物品)”以及第三段中的“￡242 spent on presents...from gifts bought on holiday to treats...”“spend a whopping (巨大的)￡18,000 on travel to see each other”可知，為了維持一段友誼，花在旅途中的費(fèi)用是最多的，所以選D。 3. What is Natashas understanding of BFF friendship? A．Its costly and unaffordable. B．Its expensive but worthwhile. C．Its rewarding but hard to keep. D．Its changeable but worth possessing. 答案與解析：B　考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Those friendships which stand the test of time are often the most important in our lives. However, they e at a cost.”可知，Natasha認(rèn)為，經(jīng)受得起時(shí)間考驗(yàn)的友誼通常是我們?nèi)松凶钪匾臇|西，但那是要付出成本的。也就是說與一生的摯友的友誼很貴但很值得。所以選B。 4. How is the passage developed? A．By listing figures. B．By giving examples. C．By analyzing causes. D．By making parisons. 答案與解析：A　考查寫作手法。 根據(jù)文中的“￡23,870”“￡4,679”“￡168”“￡242”“￡18,000”等數(shù)據(jù)可知，本文作者是通過列數(shù)據(jù)的方法來行文的，故選A。