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Unit 4　Wildlife protection 【短文語法填空】 Recent months have seen a return of bikes across China. With an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of 1. (drive) to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing, the introduction of bikesharing programs has brought the trend to a new level. The bikes 2. (equip) with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user.They’re popular among many Chinese people as they provide 3. effective solution in places 4. it’s difficult to change from one kind of transport to another. Bikesharing is a 5. (green) method of transportation and 6. (provide) a more friendly experience. However, the programs have also led to problems such as 7. (legal) parking, deliberate(蓄意的) damage and theft. To deal with these problems, the pany came up with the idea of encouraging people 8. (return) the bikes to stations 9. rewarding free time for their next rides.Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems, too. For example, Mobike sets a 100point credit score for each user, with 10. (point) taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, the bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.5－1 yuan. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了共享單車在國內(nèi)的興起和發(fā)展情況。共享單車受到了大眾的歡迎，但是也帶來了很多問題。為了解決這些問題，經(jīng)營共享單車的公司也采取了一些措施。 1．driving　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。越來越多的人選擇騎自行車而不是開車到學(xué)校、工作場所或去觀光。根據(jù)空前的介詞 of 可知，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞ing形式，故用driving。 2．a(chǎn)re equipped　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。這些自行車裝配了GPS，可以被停在公共場合的任何地方留給下一個(gè)用戶。此處是客觀性描述，且The bikes和equip之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填are equipped。 3．a(chǎn)n　解析：考查冠詞。該處指“一種有效的解決方法”，表示泛指；effective的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填an。 4．where　解析：考查定語從句。它們受到許多中國人的歡迎，因?yàn)樗鼈冊陔y以從一種交通工具轉(zhuǎn)變到另一種交通工具的地方提供了一種有效的解決辦法。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語從句，句中places 為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where 引導(dǎo)該定語從句。 5．greener　解析：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。共享單車是一種更綠色的交通方式。根據(jù)本句中的“more friendly”可知，本空應(yīng)用比較級(jí)形式與之構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。故填greener。 6．provides　解析：考查主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語是Bikesharing，且由本句中的“is”可知，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞provide 的單數(shù)形式，故填provides。 7．illegal　解析：考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指非法停車。故填illegal，意為“非法的”。 8．to return　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。encourage sb. to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”。故填to return。 9．by　解析： 考查介詞。為了解決這些問題，公司提出了一種想法，通過獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)人們下一次免費(fèi)騎車的時(shí)間，鼓勵(lì)他們將自行車送回車站。根據(jù)語境可知，空處應(yīng)用by表示方式。 10．points　解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。摩拜公司為每個(gè)用戶設(shè)置了100分的信用評分，如有不良行為就減分。point 在此處為可數(shù)名詞，且其前沒有限定詞修飾，故填points。 mercy n．仁慈；寬??；憐憫 (1)ask/beg for mercy 請求寬恕 show mercy to sb.＝have/take mercy on sb.憐憫/同情/寬恕某人 (2)with mercy 仁慈地 without mercy 殘忍地；毫不留情地 at the mercy of 任由……擺布 It is a mercy that...真是萬幸…… ①(教材原句)Farmers hunted us without mercy. 農(nóng)民們毫不留情地捕殺我們。 ②He is such a merciful (mercy) man as always has mercy on those homeless animals，which are usually at the mercy of the coldness and the storm.But sometimes he can show no mercy to those he doesn’t like. 他是一個(gè)寬容的人，總是憐憫那些任由寒冷和暴風(fēng)雨擺布的無家可歸的動(dòng)物。但是有時(shí)對那些他不喜歡的人與物，他一點(diǎn)也不會(huì)憐憫。 affect vt.影響；感動(dòng)；(疾病)侵襲 (1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打動(dòng) be affected with high fever 發(fā)高燒 (2)effect n．作用；影響 have an effect on 對……產(chǎn)生影響 be of no effect 無效 e into effect 生效；實(shí)行 take effect 生效；起作用 ①(教材原句)It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. 它含有一種強(qiáng)效藥物可以防止蚊蟲叮咬。 ②(2016浙江卷)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late payments may affect your credit. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)付電費(fèi)很重要，因?yàn)楦锻砹藭?huì)影響你的信用。 ③Even below the drink driving limit，driving will_be_affected (will affect)． 即使低于酒駕限度，駕駛也將受影響。 ④單句語法填空(2017天津卷)When I was 50, my weight problem began to_affect (affect) me seriously. succeed vi.成功；繼承 vt.接替；繼任 (1)succeed in(doing)sth.成功地做某事 succeed to sth.繼承…… succeed sb.as 接替某人成為…… (2)successful adj.成功的 be successful in(doing)sth.成功地做某事 (3)success n．[U]成功；成就；[C]成功的人或事物 ①(教材原句)What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed? 如果野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)計(jì)劃要想成功的話必須要做什么？ ②(2016天津卷)Human beings，I believe，must try to_succeed (succeed)． 我相信人類一定會(huì)盡力成功。 ③After succeeding (succeed) to his father’s pany as president of it successfully (success)，he succeeded (succeed) in making the pany more successful (success) in its field，which helped to make him a success (succeed)in turn. 在他成功地繼承了父親的公司并成為公司總裁之后，他使公司在它所在的領(lǐng)域里獲得了更大的成功，反過來，公司的成功也成就了他的成功人士的地位。 【七選五】 How to run international meetings As more of us do business across cultures，its best to prepare ahead of time before heading to the meeting table.Here are four rules for different countries. Stick to the schedule Where：Germany，Austria，Japan Weve all been to meetings that have a loose agenda，if any at all.They dont start on time and they seem to repeat. 1 Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting. 2 Meetings that run long in Germany are often taken to mean that the parties are not municating efficiently. 3 Where：China，Malaysia，Singapore Debating a topic can go against the traditional Chinese concept of“saving face”，which means avoiding any mistakes or actions that could bring embarrassment.Laughing at even an obviously amusing answer or pointing out a potential mistake can spoil the entire meeting. Enjoy the interruptions Where：Italy，F(xiàn)rance，Spain When Pascal Soboll meets with clients in Italy or Spain，hes no longer offended if they leave early or arrive late.Rather than attend the entire threehour meeting，he has learned that his colleagues there—and in some parts of France—attend based on their own timetable. 4 Rather than expect people to sit through his entire presentation，he makes it easier for them to turn up as needed. Please，no small talk Where：Finland，Sweden In places like Finland and Sweden，where nonmeeting related discussions like chat about the weather can be regarded as a way to be off a formallyset agenda and as a waste of other peoples time. In some countries，including Finland，there are long pauses in the conversation. 5 These breaks are used as a way to process what the other person is saying without interrupting. A．Not so in these countries. B．Germans and Austrians are similar. C．Dont even think about a brainstorm. D．Theres often no way to tell how things are going. E．Dont try to fill them，though，with small talk or anything else. F．What do the long silences，idle chitchat and serious faces really mean in context? G．For Soboll，that means changing his own Germanbased expectations of client behaviour. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在不同國家如何成功地召開會(huì)議。 1．A　[空處前兩句介紹了常見的會(huì)議情況：時(shí)間安排松散，開會(huì)不準(zhǔn)時(shí)，總是重復(fù)；結(jié)合空后的“Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting.”可知，日本人注意會(huì)議的細(xì)節(jié)，并在數(shù)天前就做好準(zhǔn)備。據(jù)此可以判斷，空處承上啟下，說明并非所有的國家在開會(huì)時(shí)都會(huì)出現(xiàn)上述的情況：時(shí)間安排松散，開會(huì)不準(zhǔn)時(shí)，總是重復(fù)。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 2．B　[根據(jù)該部分中的“where：Germany，Austria，Japan”可知，該部分主要介紹德國、奧地利和日本的開會(huì)習(xí)慣；空前一句已經(jīng)介紹了日本的情況，結(jié)合空后一句“Meetings that run long in Germany are often... efficiently.”可知，空處及下一句介紹德國和奧地利的開會(huì)習(xí)慣，故B項(xiàng)正確。] 3．C　[根據(jù)空處位置可知，空處為該部分標(biāo)題，是該部分的主旨；通讀該部分可知，該部分第一句介紹了在中國開會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)真討論，以防發(fā)生尷尬，第二句介紹在開會(huì)時(shí)不要嘲笑有趣的答案或指出潛在的錯(cuò)誤；據(jù)此可知，該部分主要介紹要嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真地討論會(huì)議議題，就事論事，不需要在開會(huì)前有什么“頭腦風(fēng)暴”，故C項(xiàng)正確。] 4．G　[根據(jù)上文中的“When Pascal Soboll...”和“Rather than... attend based on their own timetable.”以及空后一句可知，意大利人、法國人和西班牙人開會(huì)很隨意，G項(xiàng)中的“Soboll”與該處相對應(yīng)，故G項(xiàng)正確。] 5．E　[根據(jù)該部分標(biāo)題“Please，no small talk”和空前的“there are long pauses in the conversation”可知，選E項(xiàng)，E項(xiàng)中的“them”與“l(fā)ong pauses”對應(yīng)。] die out 滅亡；逐漸消失 (1)die away (聲音；光線等)逐漸消失 die of/from 因……而死 die down 減弱；平息 die off 相繼死亡 (2)be dying for 很想要；渴望 be dying to do sth.極想干某事 ①(教材原句)As a result these endangered animals may even die out. 結(jié)果，這些瀕危動(dòng)物甚至可能會(huì)滅亡。 ②The sound of their laughter died away. 他們的笑聲漸漸遠(yuǎn)去了。 ③After walking in the desert for such a long time，he was_dying (die) for a drink. 在沙漠里走了很長時(shí)間，他非常想喝水。 e into being 出現(xiàn)；形成；產(chǎn)生 e into effect/force/operation 開始生效/執(zhí)行/實(shí)施 e into use 開始使用 e into sight/view 看得見 e into power 當(dāng)權(quán) e into action 開始行動(dòng) e into office就職 ①(教材原句)They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time. 它們生活在千百萬年前的地球上，比人類誕生早得多，而且那時(shí)它們的未來看似很安全。 ②A new system of taxation will e into effect next May. 新稅制將在明年五月開始實(shí)行。 ③This method has e into wide use in this area. 這種方法在這一地區(qū)已被廣泛使用。 e into being為不及物動(dòng)詞短語，無被動(dòng)形式，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 pay attention to 注意；留意 (1)give one’s attention to 關(guān)注；注意 catch/attract/draw one’s attention to...吸引某人對……的注意 fix/focus/concentrate one’s attention on...將某人的注意力集中于…… turn one’s attention to...將某人的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向…… devote one’s attention to...專心致志于…… (2)短語中to為介詞的固定搭配： apply to doing sth.適用于做某事 object to doing sth.反對做某事 see to doing sth.負(fù)責(zé)做某事 stick to doing sth.堅(jiān)持做某事 be/get used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事 be devoted to doing sth.致力于(獻(xiàn)身于)做某事 get down to doing sth.開始認(rèn)真地做某事 contribute to doing sth.促成做某事 ①(教材原句)You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. 你應(yīng)該多關(guān)注我居住的雨林并欣賞一下動(dòng)物們是如何在一起生活的。 ②(2016全國卷Ⅰ)But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume，so I don’t even know if there are something to_pay (pay)attention to. 但這是我第一次寫申請和個(gè)人簡歷，因此甚至我還不知道有哪些要注意的事情。 ③The conference may help to_fix (fix)attention on the economy. 此次會(huì)議可能有助于將關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)放在經(jīng)濟(jì)上。 ④Be sure to pay attention to protecting (protect) the environment and think of others while traveling. 外出旅游時(shí)務(wù)必注意保護(hù)環(huán)境，為他人著想。 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Dear Lisa， Im glad to receive your letter asked about the present holiday life of Chinese students. Learning together with entertainment still take up most of our time.Besides，we often help our parents with the housework or farm work，that makes us realize how hard we work every day and develop a great love for work.Meanwhile，we take active part in social activities，such as voluntary work. We went out to the streets to collect rubbishes or to the hospitals to cheer up the sick children.We try our best to help those who are in need or make our hometown a lot of more beautiful. We find greatly pleasure in these activities. Yours， Li Ming 【答案】　 Dear Lisa， Im glad to receive your letter about the present holiday life of Chinese students. Learning together with entertainment still up most of our time.Besides，we often help our parents with the housework or farm work， makes us realize how hard work every day and develop a great love for work.Meanwhile，we take active part in social activities，such as voluntary work. We out to the streets to collect or to the hospitals to cheer up the sick children.We try our best to help those who are in need make our hometown a lot more beautiful. We find pleasure in these activities. Yours， Li Ming 第一處：asked→asking。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。我很高興收到你詢問中國學(xué)生目前的假日生活的來信。ask和其邏輯主語letter之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。 第二處：take→takes?？疾橹髦^一致。學(xué)習(xí)和娛樂仍然占據(jù)了我們大部分的時(shí)間。此處是together with連接的名詞在句中作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與句子原來的主語Learning保持一致，即應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)，故改為takes。 第三處：that→which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。此外，我們經(jīng)常幫助我們的父母做家務(wù)或者干農(nóng)活，這使我們意識(shí)到他們每天工作得多努力。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面的整個(gè)句子，故用which。注意：that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 第四處：we→they。考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指代的是上文中的“our parents”，故應(yīng)用they。 第五處：在active前加an?？疾楣谠~。同時(shí)，我們積極參加社會(huì)活動(dòng)，比如志愿工作。take an active part in為習(xí)慣用法，表示“積極參加……”。 第六處：went→go?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。我們?nèi)ソ稚鲜占蛘呷メt(yī)院安慰生病的孩子們。全文的基本時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 第七處：rubbishes→rubbish?？疾槊~。rubbish表示“垃圾”，是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，故改為rubbish。 第八處：or→and?？疾檫B詞。由語境可知，此處表示并列的順承關(guān)系，故用and表示“和，與”。or表示選擇關(guān)系，意為“或，或者”。 第九處：去掉of。考查固定搭配。此處指使我們的家鄉(xiāng)變得更加美麗。根據(jù)句中的“more”可知，此處修飾比較級(jí)，故應(yīng)用a lot。a lot of表示“許多”，修飾名詞。 第十處：greatly→great。考查副詞。在這些活動(dòng)中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了極大的樂趣。此處修飾名詞pleasure，故應(yīng)用形容詞。 There_were many different kinds of dinosaurs and a number of them used to live in China. 過去有許多種類的恐龍并且為數(shù)很多的恐龍?jiān)?jīng)生活在中國。 there be 句型表示“某處有某人、某物或某事”。 (1)常見的there be變化結(jié)構(gòu)如下： (2)句型There be＋n.＋v.ing/v.ed中，v.ing，v.ed作主語補(bǔ)足語。如果名詞與后面的分詞存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用v.ing形式，如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用v.ed形式。 ①There seems to_be (be) a bank around here. 附近好像有一家銀行。 ②There happened (happen) to be nobody in the room. 恰巧房間里沒人。 ③There are few people described (describe) as geniuses. 很少有能稱得上天才的人。 【閱讀理解】 The popular TV program Readers has prompted more people in China to practice reading aloud in booths (小間) set up in big cities across the country. As the latest TV show to help peoples love for literature recover, the CCTV program Readers invites people from all walks of life to read aloud their favorite poems, essays and books, or even personal letters they wrote to their loved ones. Just as the weekly show has been wellreceived, its reading booths, equipped with professional recording devices and cameras, have bee instant hits. A crowd of more than 200 people were pictured lining up outside the Shanghai Library at 11 am on March 4 — the first day of the booths opening to the public in Shanghai. The deadline for registrations was brought forward to 2 pm instead of the scheduled 5：30 pm, as the number of waiting readers continued to grow. Some waited more than nine hours for a tryout in the booth, according to library management. “There is an old photo in the late 1970s capturing people lining up outside the Shanghai Library before it opens. If that was a spring of reading in Shanghai, now I think another spring has arrived again，” library manager Zhou Deming, told The Paper. The reading booth is the only one of its kind in the city of economic center at the moment, but more are expected to be put into use in the ing months, according to the librarys website. The program has also led to booths in other cities including Beijing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Xian to appeal to more people to read and share their life stories. With the recent boom of culturethemed TV shows such as Readers and Chinese Poetry Congress, some are optimistic that this will help the country love literature and reading again in general. 【文章大意】　隨著CCTV的《朗讀者》節(jié)目受到人們的歡迎，全國范圍開始刮起了“讀書風(fēng)”。各大城市紛紛建立“朗讀亭”，人們閱讀的熱情也越來越高。 1. The CCTV program Readers aims to ________. A．teach people what to read B．a(chǎn)ttract peoples attention to CCTV C．invite people to read aloud in the booth D．a(chǎn)rouse peoples enthusiasm for reading 答案與解析：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“As the latest TV show...loved ones.”可知，《朗讀者》旨在幫助人們重燃對文學(xué)的熱情，故D項(xiàng)正確。 2．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that ________. A．some people waited for a long time to read in the booth B．March 4 was the first day of the opening of Shanghai Library C．on March 4,200 people read in the booth D．the time for registrations was lengthened for three and a half hours 答案與解析：A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Some waited more than nine hours for a tryout in the booth, according to library management.”可知，有些人為了能在“朗讀亭”里朗讀，等了九個(gè)多小時(shí)。故A項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第三段第一句“A crowd of more than 200 people were pictured lining up outside the Shanghai Library at 11 am on March 4 — the first day of the booths opening to the public in Shanghai.”可知，三月四日是“朗讀亭”在上海圖書館開放的第一天，有200多人在上海圖書館外等候，而不是200人在“朗讀亭”朗讀，故B、C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，注冊時(shí)間縮短了三個(gè)半小時(shí)，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 3．The passage mainly tells that ________. A．many people line up to read aloud in reading booths B．more reading booths will be set up in the future C．Readers has bee popular all over China D．Readers has inspired more people to read aloud in reading booths 答案與解析：D考查主旨大意。通讀文章可知，本文主要介紹了隨著電視節(jié)目《朗讀者》的流行，“朗讀亭”也逐漸興起，人們的閱讀熱情得到了極大的激發(fā)，故D項(xiàng)正確。