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Unit 2　Robots 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 In the West we are familiar with ballets like Swan Lake.But there’s another classical dance form with a long history 1. has only recently burst onto the world scene. It is called classical Chinese dance. Classical Chinese dance is 2. incredibly demanding, refined, and expressive dance form. Alongside ballet, it is also one of the most prehensive dance systems 3. (know) to humankind. 4． recently, few people outside China had ever heard of classical Chinese dance. One major reason was that when Chinese panies performed abroad, they often mixed Chinese dance with western dance styles. And so the audience left the theater not sure exactly 5. they had just seen. In 2006, however, the Shen Yun Performing Arts pany 6. (establish) in New York. Its mission was to promote 7. (tradition) culture, and this included 8. (present) classical Chinese dance in its purest form. Not quite a decade later, classical Chinese dance has bee much 9. (well) recognised and is starting to influence western ballet. Although they have significant differences, both ballet and classical Chinese dance have the ability to vividly tell 10. (story) and move us through beautiful art. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹中國(guó)古典舞在西方國(guó)家的發(fā)展歷程。 1．which/that　解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充完整是：classical dance form has only recently burst onto the world scene, 所以該定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是“classical dance form”，指物，且從句中缺主語(yǔ)。故用 which/that。 2．a(chǎn)n　解析：考查冠詞。結(jié)合句意可知，此處指中國(guó)古典舞是一種要求極高、精致且傳神的舞種。空格處表示“一種”，是泛指，且空格后的“incredibly”的讀音以元音音素開(kāi)頭。故用 an。 3．known　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“is”，所以此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞know與它修飾的名詞“systems”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)。故用known。 4．Until　解析：考查連詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指直到最近，很少有外國(guó)人聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)中國(guó)的古典舞。until意為“到……為止”，通常與完成時(shí)態(tài)搭配，until recently 意為“直到最近”，符合語(yǔ)境。故用Until。注意首字母大寫(xiě)。 5．what　解析：考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“they had just seen”是“sure”之后的賓語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)。故用what。 6．was established　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞establish與“the Shen Yun Performing Arts pany”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；又因?yàn)楸疚亩际褂昧艘话氵^(guò)去時(shí)，因此空格處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故用was established。 7．traditional　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。結(jié)合句意可知，此處指它的宗旨是推廣傳統(tǒng)文化。此處應(yīng)用形容詞來(lái)修飾名詞“culture”。故用traditional。 8．presenting　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。include后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故用presenting。 9．better　解析：考查副詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，不到十年的時(shí)間，中國(guó)的古典舞已經(jīng)被人們更好地認(rèn)可并且影響到西方的芭蕾舞了。此處much修飾副詞well的比較級(jí)。故用better。 10．stories　解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。story是可數(shù)名詞，其前沒(méi)有冠詞修飾，故應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故用stories。 desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要 (1)have a strong desire a desire that－clause[(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形]渴望…… (2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事 desire that－clause[(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形]希望…… ①(2016江蘇卷)He had a strong desire __to free__ (free) her family from trouble. 他強(qiáng)烈渴望使他的家庭擺脫困境。 ②My daughter is now in Senior Three.She __desires__ (desire) that she should be admitted to a famous university.Besides，she has a strong desire __for__ majoring in English in university.But I desire her __to study__ (study) medicine in the future.Under great pressure，she desires __to have__ (have) a pleasant holiday in the ing golden week. 我的女兒現(xiàn)在上高三了。她渴望被一所名牌大學(xué)錄取。而且，她非常想主修英語(yǔ)專業(yè)。但我希望她以后學(xué)醫(yī)。在較大的壓力下，她希望在未來(lái)的“黃金周”里度過(guò)一個(gè)快樂(lè)的假期。 ③單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017北京卷)So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire __to secure__ (secure) success. favour n．喜愛(ài)；恩惠，幫忙；優(yōu)惠 vt.喜愛(ài)；偏袒(＝favor) (1)ask sb.a favour＝ask a favour of sb.請(qǐng)某人幫忙 do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb.幫某人一個(gè)忙 owe sb.a favour 欠……的人情 (2)do sth.as a favour 為了幫忙而做某事 (3)in favour of 同意；支持；優(yōu)先選擇 in one’s favour 有利于某人 ①(教材原句)As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant. 為了幫忙，托尼答應(yīng)幫助克萊爾，使她變得更加漂亮，使她的家變得高雅大方。 ②When in trouble，you can ask a favour __of__ him. 遇到麻煩時(shí)，你可以請(qǐng)他幫忙。 ③He spoke in a temperate manner，__not favoring__ (not favor) either side especially. 他說(shuō)話態(tài)度中庸，并不特別偏袒任何一方。 acpany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有 (1)acpany sb.＝keep sb.pany 陪伴某人 acpany sb.to some place 陪伴/陪同某人到某地 acpany sb.at/on sth.用某物為某人伴奏 be acpanied by 由……伴奏/伴隨 (2)panion n．同伴；伙伴 ①(教材原句)As he was not allowed to acpany her to the shops，he wrote out a list of items for her. 由于不允許托尼陪克萊爾去商店，所以托尼就給她寫(xiě)了一份購(gòu)物清單。 ②My neighbor came __to acpany__ (acpany) me while my parents were out. 我鄰居在我父母外出時(shí)過(guò)來(lái)陪我。 ③Her father __acpanied__ (acpany) her __to__ the concert and when she sang，her father acpanied her __on__ the piano.Her song sounded wonderful __acpanied__ (acpany) by the music. 她父親陪她去音樂(lè)會(huì)，當(dāng)她唱歌時(shí)，她父親為她鋼琴伴奏。在音樂(lè)的伴奏下，她的歌聲聽(tīng)起來(lái)優(yōu)美極了。 declare vt.宣布；聲明；表明；宣稱 declare sth.宣布某事 declare that...宣布…… declare sb./sth.(to be)＋adj.宣布某人/某物…… declare for/against...公開(kāi)表示支持/反對(duì) declare oneself 發(fā)表意見(jiàn)，表明態(tài)度 declare war on/against (對(duì)……)宣戰(zhàn) declare sth.open 宣布……開(kāi)始 declare sth.closed 宣布……結(jié)束 ①(教材原句)She cried out“Tony”and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day... 她大叫一聲“托尼”，然后聽(tīng)到托尼一本正經(jīng)地說(shuō)，明天他不想離開(kāi)她…… ②The judge declared him __to be__ (be) the winner of the petition. 裁判宣布他是比賽的獲勝者。 ③Nobody present declared __against__ the plan for next term. 在場(chǎng)的沒(méi)有人聲明反對(duì)下學(xué)期的計(jì)劃。 ④The newly－elected president declared __for__ their action，meaning that he __declared__ (declare) it to be legal；as a result，he must be responsible for his __declaration__ (declare)． 這位新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)表示贊成他們的行為，這意味著他宣布這個(gè)行動(dòng)是合法的，因此，他必須為他的聲明負(fù)責(zé)。 envy vt.&n.忌妒；羨慕 (1)envy sb.(doing)sth.忌妒某人(做)某事 envy sb.for sth.因……而羨慕某人 (2)bee/be the envy of...成為……忌妒(或羨慕)的對(duì)象 feel envy at...對(duì)……忌妒 out of envy 出于忌妒 with envy 羨慕地，忌妒地 (3)envious adj.羨慕的；忌妒的 be envious of＝be jealous of 忌妒 ①(教材原句)What a sweet victory to be envied by those women! 受到那些女士的妒忌，這該是多么甜美的勝利！ ②Her many talents were the envy __of__ all her friends. 她多才多藝，所有的朋友都很羨慕她。 ③He envied Rosalind __for__ her youth and strength. 他羨慕羅莎琳德的青春和活力。 ④Tom was __envious__ (envy) of his brother’s success in business. ＝Tom __envies__ (envy) his brother’s success in business. ＝Tom feels envy __at__ his brother’s success in business. 湯姆忌妒他哥哥事業(yè)上的成功。 【七選五】 When high temperatures are around the country，some things also go up.Here are four things expected to rise along with our desire to stay indoors and beat the heat. 1．Sales of goods that keep you cool Malls are high on the list of places where people often go for free air conditioning outside home in summer.__1__ Goods related to keeping cool，like air conditioners，fans or sun care items，are very popular. 2．__2__ Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves，and many agriculture experts are expecting a repeat of last years outbreak that harmed fruit and crops，particularly on the East Coast. 3．Energy bills __3__ With all those air conditioners and fans working，it makes sense that energy bills will be higher than average.__4__ “Not only are people going to have extremely high energy bills for July，it will also put increased stress on power plants，and were going to see more air pollution because of it，” says Angela Fritz. 4．Violence Heat waves may cause violence，right? “Not necessarily，”says Richard Larrick，a researcher.He took a unique look at the relationship between violence and heat through baseball.Larrick and his research team examined 57,294 Major League Baseball games taking place between 1962 and 2017 and found that while heat may increase violence，there always has to be a motive.“__5__ Instead，heat affects a specific form of violence，” he said. A．Air pollution B．Pest population C．Rising heat is the expected response in any summer. D．Heat does not directly lead to more violence in general. E．More and more people are worried about their expenses. F．As more energy is used，air quality problems may occur. G．So its not a surprise that some sales jump during heat waves. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了伴隨高溫天氣會(huì)出現(xiàn)的一些事件。 1．G　空前一句提到購(gòu)物中心是夏天人們外出經(jīng)常去的地方之一，空后一句提到與制冷有關(guān)的商品，如空調(diào)、風(fēng)扇等都很受歡迎，結(jié)合本段小標(biāo)題可知，G項(xiàng)“因此一些(制冷商品的)銷售量在酷暑期猛增就不足為奇了”與此處匹配。 2．B　根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處為本段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)空后的“Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves”可知，本段主要是說(shuō)害蟲(chóng)的數(shù)量在酷暑期也會(huì)快速增長(zhǎng)，故B項(xiàng)與此處匹配。 3．E　根據(jù)段落小標(biāo)題Energy bills可知，本段和費(fèi)用有關(guān)，空后又提到(電)風(fēng)扇和空調(diào)的運(yùn)行會(huì)使能源費(fèi)用高于平均水平，故空處應(yīng)講人們對(duì)高溫天氣下使用這些電器的花費(fèi)的擔(dān)憂，所以E項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 4．F　上文提到能源費(fèi)用增加，下文提到由此會(huì)造成更多的空氣污染。由此可推知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“隨著更多的能源被消耗，空氣質(zhì)量問(wèn)題可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)”與此處匹配。 5．D　根據(jù)空后一句可知，高溫影響一種特定形式的暴力，且由“Instead”可知，空處與下文呈轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再結(jié)合上文的“Not necessarily”可知，D項(xiàng)“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，高溫不會(huì)直接導(dǎo)致更多的暴力”與此處匹配。 ring up 給……打電話 打電話給某人 call/ring back 回電話 ring off/hang up 掛斷電話 hold on 別掛斷 ①(教材原句)When the clerk at the counter was rude to her，she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him. 當(dāng)站柜臺(tái)的售貨員對(duì)她粗魯時(shí)，她就打電話給托尼，讓售貨員同托尼說(shuō)話。 ②I have something important to say.Please hold __on__ for a moment. 我有要事要說(shuō)，請(qǐng)不要掛斷電話。 ③I was about to answer the phone when it __was rung__ (ring) off last night. 昨天晚上我正要接電話，就在這時(shí)電話掛斷了。 set aside 將……放在一邊；為……節(jié)省或保留(錢(qián)或時(shí)間) lay aside 儲(chǔ)蓄；把……放到一邊 put aside 把……放在一旁；忽視；儲(chǔ)存 move aside 把……移動(dòng)一邊 stand aside 讓開(kāi)；袖手旁觀 step aside 讓位；退位 leave aside 擱置一邊 ①She sets/puts/lays __aside__ a little money each week. 她每周都省出一點(diǎn)錢(qián)。 ②Bill never __stands__ (stand) aside when there is something that wants doing. 有事要做的時(shí)候，比爾從不袖手旁觀。 【短文改錯(cuò)】 假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 (2018長(zhǎng)春市質(zhì)量檢測(cè)一) Dear Bill， How time flies！I went back to school and begin my lesson last month.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination，that makes me worried.I failed pass the English test last term because of I had difficulty with it.I will never give up and determine to give myself the second chance to pass them.I will ask my teachers and friends for advices on how to improve it and work out a detailed plan.Besides，I will make fully use of time.Do you have any good ideas？Tell me or I will be grateful to you. Im looking forward to hear from you. Yours， Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Bill， How time flies！I went back to school and my lesson last month.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination， makes me worried.I failed pass the English test last term because I had difficulty with it.I will never give up and determine to give myself second chance to pass .I will ask my teachers and friends for on how to improve it and work out a detailed plan.Besides，I will make use of time.Do you have any good ideas？Tell me I will be grateful to you. Im looking forward to from you. Yours， Li Hua 第一處：begin改為began。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last month可知，此處描述的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，所以應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 第二處：that改為which。考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，先行詞為整個(gè)句子，所以關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which。 第三處：fail后加to?？疾楣潭ù钆?。fail to do sth.是固定用法，表示“未能做成某事”。 第四處：刪除because后的of。考查介詞。because of后面跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，文中其后跟的是從句，應(yīng)用because來(lái)引導(dǎo)，故刪除of。 第五處：the改為a。考查冠詞。該處表示“再給自己一次機(jī)會(huì)”，a second chance表示“再一次機(jī)會(huì)”。 第六處：them改為it?？疾榇~。該處表示“通過(guò)英語(yǔ)考試”，應(yīng)用it代指英語(yǔ)考試。 第七處：advices改為advice?？疾槊~。advice是不可數(shù)名詞，故把a(bǔ)dvices改為advice。 第八處：fully改為full。考查形容詞。該句中的名詞use應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，所以把fully改為full。make full use of“充分利用”。 第九處：or改為and?？疾椴⒘羞B詞。此處表示“告訴我(你的建議)，我將不勝感激”。“祈使句＋and＋句子”，and表示順承關(guān)系；“祈使句＋or＋句子”，or表示“否則”。 第十處：hear改為hearing?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。look forward to短語(yǔ)中to是介詞，后面跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 __It was then that__ Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window. 也就在這時(shí)候，克萊爾才意識(shí)到托尼早就把前邊窗戶的窗簾拉開(kāi)了。 本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“then”。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法： (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等。 (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問(wèn)句形式。強(qiáng)調(diào)句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句時(shí)，直接將is/was置于句首。簡(jiǎn)略的答語(yǔ)為：“Yes，it is/was.”或“No，it isn’t/wasn’t.” (3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句式是：特殊疑問(wèn)句＋is/was＋it＋that...。 (4)強(qiáng)調(diào)“not...until”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用“It is/was not until...that...”結(jié)構(gòu)，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且須用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 ①I(mǎi)t is only children __who__ make such stupid mistakes. 只有孩子才會(huì)犯這樣愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤。 ②Was it yesterday __that__ you met your teacher in the street? 你是昨天在大街上碰到你老師的嗎？ ③__Who__ was it that told you such a thing? 究竟是誰(shuí)告訴你這件事的？ ④單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017天津卷)But it __wasn’t until__ I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. 【閱讀理解】 Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions. We cry when we cant hold inside what we feel any more. We cry when were at our best, and when were at our worst. By we, I mean all of us. Men included. But we never see other men cry. In no western culture has it ever been acceptable for men to shed (流淚) more than a single tear, and even then its reserved for grand victories, defeats and deaths. Dutch research suggests that women cry between three and five times more than men. Generally men and women cry over the same things — deaths, breakups and homesickness, primarily, but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it es to positive events. I want to admit Im a bit of a cryer. However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears. See, my dog — and 24/7 panion — was killed by a car right outside my house. Being a witness to this painful event left me in shock for a good hour, but then the floodgates opened. Over the next 48 hours, I might have cried 20 times. Once or twice I crouched (蹲) on the floor with my head in my hands and tears were the only outlet. It is suggested in the book Adult Crying: A Biopsychosocial Approach that theres certain pleasure in crying. It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves. In those days after my dogs death, I remember thinking, “Ive got to stop this crying”. It felt unmanly. It felt like a sign of weakness. Ive since realised that tears are for everybody; theyre not genderspecific. They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者的狗遭遇車禍，作者痛哭不已，傷心欲絕。后來(lái)作者意識(shí)到哭泣是釋放壓力的方式。 【難句分析】However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.(第三段第二句) 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。該句中what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears為what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；having never really experienced deaths in my life為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。 譯文：然而，我在生活中從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正體會(huì)過(guò)死亡，數(shù)周前的一次體驗(yàn)讓我知道死亡真的意味著痛哭流涕和撕心裂肺的感覺(jué)。 1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．Crying is a raw human emotion. B．Crying is an emotion beyond control. C．Crying is an emotion showing sadness. D．Crying is an emotion showing happiness. 答案與解析：A考查段落大意。通讀該段可知，該段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”為該段的主題句。結(jié)合該段其他內(nèi)容可知，該段主要論述“哭泣是人類最自然的情感流露”，故A項(xiàng)正確。 2. Whats the difference between men and women in crying according to Dutch research? A．They cry over different matters. B．They cry at different times of life. C．Women cry more often over deaths. D．Men are more likely to have tears of joy. 答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Dutch research”定位至第二段，根據(jù)第二段的“but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it es to positive events”可知，男女哭泣的區(qū)別是男子對(duì)于積極事物的哭泣頻率要比婦女高，故D項(xiàng)正確。 3. What did the author think of his crying over his dogs death? A．A sign of strength. B．A sign of weakness. C．Behavior of being womanish. D．A way of reducing emotional stress. 答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段，尤其是最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.”可知，作者意識(shí)到哭泣是減輕情感壓力的方式，故D項(xiàng)正確。 4. Whats the best title for the text? A．Men, never cry like women B．Men, its OK to cry sometimes C．Crying solves psychological problems D．Crying explains differences between men and women 答案與解析：B考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文內(nèi)容尤其是第一段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”和本文最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel”可知，本文論述的中心是“哭泣是人類最自然的情感流露，是減輕情感壓力的方式”，據(jù)此可以判斷，B項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。