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Unit 4　Body language 【短文語法填空】 Chengdu has been making a name for itself in Western countries in recent years，as the city has moved to 1. (strength) its cultural exchanges with the rest of the world.Chengdu Week 2. (host) in Madrid in January as a major activity of the 2017 Happy Spring Festival in Spain, 3. is an annual event held by the Chinese embassy in Spain to celebrate 4. traditional Spring Festival holiday with overseas Chinese, locals and other visitors.It was the first time that the Chinese embassy had 5. (patient) introduced a city to the traditional Lunar New Year celebration. During the festival, classic regional art forms such as paper cutting, shadow plays and face changing opera performances were 6. display at the famous Plaza Mayor in Madrid.“The performances(表演) are so 7. (amaze) that I want to buy a ticket to Chengdu right now，” said Manuela Carmena, mayor of Madrid, during the event.Mayor Carmena said that the two cities shared 8. (similar) in many aspects and she hoped two cities could have 9. (far) exchanges than before in tourism and culture.Chengdu has bee more closely tied to Spain since a direct flight between Madrid 10. Chengdu was launched on December 17. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　近年來，成都通過文化交流，大大提升了在世界上的影響力。本文介紹了2017年春節(jié)期間在西班牙舉辦的成都(文化)周，剪紙、皮影戲和變臉等傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)或表演引起了轟動。 1．strengthen　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：……因為這座城市已經(jīng)采取行動來加強其與世界其他地區(qū)的文化交流。空后是名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，所以此處用動詞，和空前的to構(gòu)成動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。故填strengthen。 2．was hosted　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語，和主語Chengdu Week之間是被動關(guān)系，且根據(jù)時間狀語in January可知，動作發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填was hosted。 3．which　解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Happy Spring Festival，指物，且在從句中作主語，故用which引導(dǎo)該從句。 4．the　解析：考查冠詞。此處特指傳統(tǒng)的中國春節(jié)假期，故用定冠詞the。 5．patiently　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處修飾謂語動詞introduced，作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞。故填patiently。 6．on　解析：考查固定搭配。句意：在節(jié)日期間，經(jīng)典的地方藝術(shù)形式如剪紙、皮影戲和變臉表演均在馬德里著名的馬約爾廣場進行。on display為固定搭配，意為“展覽；展出”。 7．a(chǎn)mazing　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處在系動詞are后作表語，主語為The performances(表演)，前有副詞so修飾，所以用amazing，意為“驚人的；了不起的”。 8．similarities　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：卡梅納市長說兩個城市在很多方面有相似點，她希望兩個城市能夠在旅游業(yè)和文化方面有比以往更深入的交流。設(shè)空處作謂語動詞shared的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞：similarity為可數(shù)名詞，所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 9．further　解析：考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)后面的標志詞than可知，此處用比較級。 10．a(chǎn)nd　解析：考查連詞。between...and...為固定搭配，意為“在……和……之間”。 (對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P98) 一．高考單詞→識記思考運用 1．核心詞匯 ①__represent__ vt.代表；象征 ②__approach__ vt.&vi.接近；靠近；走近n.接近；方法；途徑 ③__ease__ n. 安逸；舒適vt. 減輕痛苦、憂慮 ④__defend__ vt.保護；保衛(wèi) ⑤__function__ n．作用；功能；職能vi.起作用；運轉(zhuǎn) ⑥curious adj.好奇的 __curiously__ adv.好奇地 __curiosity__ n．好奇心 ⑦greet vt.&vi.迎接；問候；映入……的眼簾 __greeting__ n．問候 ⑧misunderstand vt.誤解；誤會 __misunderstanding__ n．誤解；誤會 ⑨likely adj.可能的 __unlikely__ adj.不可能的 2．?？荚~匯 ①dash vi. __猛沖；突進__ ②flight n. __飛行；航班__ ③false adj. __錯誤的；假的__ ④subjective adj. __主觀的__ ⑤hug vt.&vi. __擁抱__ ⑥r(nóng)ank n. __等級；軍銜__ ⑦adult n. __成人；成年人__ adj. __成人的；成熟的__ ⑧statement n. __陳述；說明__ state vt. __陳述；說明__ ⑨association n. __社團；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想__ associate vt. __聯(lián)系__ ⑩major adj. __主要的__ majority n. __大多數(shù)__ 用所給單詞的適當形式填空 1．The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming __represents__ (represent) an enormous threat to agriculture.(2017江蘇卷) 2．This production of Shakespeare’s Richard Ⅲ will be directed by the National’s __Associate__ (association) Director，Wang Xiaoying.(2017全國卷Ⅱ) 3．Deer and elk populations—__major__ (majority) food sources (來源) for the wolf—grew rapidly.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 4．Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will __likely__ (like) rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.(2017全國卷Ⅱ) 5．We require the student’s full flight __detail__ (detail) at least 4 weeks in advance.(2016天津卷) 6．__Approaching__ (approach) the vehicle，they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.(2016全國卷Ⅰ) 7．Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they know how to offer help to __adults__ (adult)．(2016江蘇卷) 8．Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body __functions__ (function)．(2016四川卷) ?“主要的；重要的”形容詞家族 ①major 主要的，重要的 ②main 主要的 ③chief 首要的 ④primary 主要的，首要的 ⑤important 重要的，重大的 ⑥leading 重要的，首位的 ⑦principle 主要的，首要的 ⑧vital 極其重要的 ⑨significant 意義重大的 ?后綴ly構(gòu)成的形容詞集錦 ①likely 可能的 ②brotherly 兄弟般的 ③costly 昂貴的 ④daily 日常的 ⑤friendly 友好的 ⑥lively 活潑的 ⑦manly 有男子氣概的 ⑧l(xiāng)ovely 可愛的 ⑨orderly 整潔的 ⑩weekly 每周的 ?常見“人體部位及器官”名詞薈萃 ①cheek 臉頰 ②forehead 額頭 ③chest 胸部 ④shoulder 肩膀 ⑤throat 喉嚨 ⑥tongue 舌頭 ⑦lung 肺 ⑧l(xiāng)iver 肝臟 【完形填空】 Ten years ago，a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.I was totally __1__ and felt I was suddenly placed under __2__ of death with an indefinite reprieve(緩刑)．After careful thought，I __3__ my affairs；then I went home and got into bed.But 2 years later，I left my bed and __4__ the long climb back.It was another year __5__ I made it. I speak of this experience because these past years have __6__ me what to value and what to believe.I __7__ now that this world is not my oyster(牡蠣)to be opened but my __8__ to be grasped. Ive also learned that its necessary to __9__ those little，allimportant things I never thought I would __10__ before：the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree，the __11__ of sunlight on running water.I seem now，with some of the __12__ freshness of childhood，to hear and see.How well，__13__，I recall the touch of the earth the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed.It was like __14__ ones citizenship in a world one had nearly lost. Frequently，I __15__ myself that I need make notes of this __16__.Im living in now，because in it Im well，__17__，doing what I like best.It wont always be like this，__18__ Ill make the most of it and be grateful.I __19__ all this to that long time spent in bed.Wiser people e to this __20__ without having to acquire it the hard way.But I wasnt wise enough.Im wiser now，a little，and happier. 1．A.confused　　　　　B．shocked C．determined D．a(chǎn)nnoyed 2．A.trial B．pressure C．sentence D．control 3．A.made up B．set up C．took up D．cleared up 4．A.recalled B．began C．a(chǎn)voided D．a(chǎn)ccepted 5．A.when B．a(chǎn)fter C．since D．before 6．A.assigned B．taught C．treated D．a(chǎn)ssured 7．A.admit B．demand C．expect D．realize 8．A.knowledge B．opportunity C．a(chǎn)ttention D．point 9．A.dismiss B．list C．define D．a(chǎn)ppreciate 10．A.notice B．record C．remember D．track 11．A.shadow B．shake C．play D．feeling 12．A.damaged B．recovered C．faded D．changed 13．A.in contrast B．in return C．for instance D．by chance 14．A.maintaining B．regaining C．discovering D．forgetting 15．A.remind B．promise C．a(chǎn)dvise D．convince 16．A.country B．moment C．memory D．inspiration 17．A.pleased B．courageous C．confident D．strong 18．A.meanwhile B．otherwise C．however D．therefore 19．A.apply B．owe C．contribute D．a(chǎn)dapt 20．A.awareness B．a(chǎn)greement C．ment D．promise 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一場重病讓作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的東西。因此他對自己當下所擁有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。 1．B　根據(jù)上文中的“Ten years ago, a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，當被告知自己的肺部出了問題且不得不立即放棄工作臥床休息時作者感到非常震驚(shocked)。confused“困惑的”； annoyed“惱怒的”。 2．C　作者突然覺得自己好像是被判了死緩一樣。根據(jù)語境尤其是下文的“with an indefinite reprieve(緩刑)”可知，此處應(yīng)選sentence“宣判，判刑”。under sentence of death“被判處死刑”。 3．D　仔細思考之后，作者把手頭的事務(wù)處理掉，然后回家了。根據(jù)上文中的“I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，clear up“解決，清理”符合語境。make up“組成，編造”；set up“設(shè)立”；take up“開始從事，占據(jù)”。 4．B　兩年后，作者離開了病床，開始(began)了漫長的重回之前的生活狀態(tài)的“攀登”。recall“回憶起”；avoid“避免”；accept“接受”。 5．D　過了一年，作者就做到了。It was/is＋一段時間＋before...是固定句型，意為“過了……才/就……”。 6．B　作者談及這段經(jīng)歷是因為那些過去的歲月教會(taught)了作者應(yīng)該珍惜什么，相信什么。assign“分配，分派”；treat“招待”；assure“使確信”。 7．D　現(xiàn)在作者意識到(realize)這個世界不是等待他去打開的牡蠣，而是需要他去抓住的機會。admit“承認”；expect“期待，期望”。 8．B　參見上題解析。grasp the opportunity“抓住機會”，是固定搭配。knowledge“知識”；attention“注意力”；point“觀點”。 9．D　作者也學(xué)會了欣賞(appreciate)那些不起眼的但卻很重要的東西，而作者之前從未想過自己會去注意這些東西。dismiss“不予理會，不予考慮”；list“列舉”； define“給……下定義，解釋”。 10. A　參見上題解析。notice“注意到”；record“記錄”；remember“記得”；track“跟蹤”。 11．C　根據(jù)上文中的“the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree”和下文中的“I seem now…to hear and see”可知，此處指的應(yīng)是作者以前不會注意到的東西。play“輕快變幻的動作，閃爍”，the play of sunlight on water“陽光在水面上的閃爍”。 12．B　作者重新找回了童年時期看待事物的新鮮感。recovered“重新獲得的，重新找到的”，符合語境。 13．C　比如，回想起自己臥床兩年后重新踏上這片土地的感覺有多好。for instance“比如，例如”，符合語境。in contrast“相反”；in return“作為回報”；by chance“偶然地”。 14．B　這就像在一個差點失去的世界中重新獲得公民身份一樣。regain“重新得到”和下文的“l(fā)ost”相對應(yīng)。maintain“維持”；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；forget“忘記”。 15．A　作者經(jīng)常提醒自己要記下這個自己現(xiàn)在生活的時刻，因為活在此刻，作者是健康且快樂的，而且能做自己最喜歡做的事情。remind“提醒”，符合語境。promise“許諾，允諾”；convince“使相信”。 16．B　參見上題解析。moment“時刻”；inspiration“靈感”。 17．A　參見第15題解析。pleased“快樂的，高興的”；courageous“勇敢的”；confident“自信的”；strong“堅強的”。下文中的“Im wiser now，a little，and happier”亦是提示。 18．D　它不會總是如這般存在，因此作者會充分利用它并心存感激。上下文之間是因果關(guān)系，故用therefore。meanwhile“與此同時”；otherwise“否則”；however“然而”。 19．B　作者將這一切都歸功于他臥病在床的那段漫長時光。owe...to...“把……歸功于……”，是固定用法。 20．A　更有智慧的人無需被困到如此境地也能明白這些道理。awareness“意識，明白”符合語境。promise“妥協(xié)”。 二．重點短語→識記思考運用 1．動詞＋介詞/副詞 ①put __up__ 舉起；升起；搭建；留宿 ②defend... __against__ 防御；保衛(wèi)……以免受 2．介詞＋名詞 ①__at__ ease 舒適；快活；自由自在 ②__in__ general總的來說；通常 ③__on__ the contrary相反地 3．其他形式 ①__as__ if 好像 ②__lose__ face 丟臉 ③be __likely__ to 很可能……；有希望…… ④turn one’s __back__ to 背對；背棄 ⑤as __well__ as 和……一樣好；而且；也；和 用左欄所給短語的適當形式填空 1．Others say we can just “switch them off” __as if__ super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility.(2017北京卷) 2．They help the body __defend__ itself __against__ some kinds of infections.(2016四川卷) 3．Though heavy rains may relieve the drought in California，they __are likely to__ cause surface flooding and other disasters.(2016江蘇卷) 4．__In general__，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.(2016四川卷) 5．You say he is easygoing，but I never feel __at ease__ with him. ?“in＋n.”必備短語一覽 ①in general 總的來說；通常 ②in addition 另外，加之 ③in advance 預(yù)先，事先 ④in brief 簡單地說 ⑤in mon 共用的，共有的 ⑥in debt 欠債，欠情 ⑦in difficulty 處境困難 ⑧in hand 在進行中，待辦理 ⑨in person 親自，本人 ⑩in time 及時 ?“on the＋n.”必備短語薈萃 ①on the contrary 相反 ②on the march 在游行，在行軍 ③on the spot 在場，馬上 ④on the whole 總的來說，大體上 ⑤on the other hand 另一方面 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. 第一個到達的是來自哥倫比亞的托尼加西亞，隨后緊跟著的是英國的朱莉婭史密斯。 the first/last(one/person) to do sth.意為“第一個/最后一個做某事的人”。 中國女排主教練郎平成為第一位既以運動員的身份又作為教練獲得女排奧運冠軍的人。 Lang Ping，head coach of the Chinese women’s volleyball team，has bee __the first to win gold medals__ at the Olympics both as a coach and player. 2.Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they fortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. 各種文化背景下的人互致問候的方式不盡相同，身體接觸和相互間距的程度也并不一樣。 not all“并非所有的都……”，表示部分否定。 并不是所有人都愿意做這樣的工作，因為它對于有些人來說太難了。 __Not all are willing to do such work__，for it is quite hard for some of them. 3.However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. 不過，來自西班牙、意大利或南美等國的人會站在離別人很近的地方，而且可能會(用身體)接觸對方。 be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”。 如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你很有可能考入理想的大學(xué)。 If you study hard，you __are likely to be admitted to__ your dreaming university. 【七選五】 How to run international meetings As more of us do business across cultures，its best to prepare ahead of time before heading to the meeting table.Here are four rules for different countries. Stick to the schedule Where：Germany，Austria，Japan Weve all been to meetings that have a loose agenda，if any at all.They dont start on time and they seem to repeat. 1 Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting. 2 Meetings that run long in Germany are often taken to mean that the parties are not municating efficiently. 3 Where：China，Malaysia，Singapore Debating a topic can go against the traditional Chinese concept of“saving face”，which means avoiding any mistakes or actions that could bring embarrassment.Laughing at even an obviously amusing answer or pointing out a potential mistake can spoil the entire meeting. Enjoy the interruptions Where：Italy，F(xiàn)rance，Spain When Pascal Soboll meets with clients in Italy or Spain，hes no longer offended if they leave early or arrive late.Rather than attend the entire threehour meeting，he has learned that his colleagues there—and in some parts of France—attend based on their own timetable. 4 Rather than expect people to sit through his entire presentation，he makes it easier for them to turn up as needed. Please，no small talk Where：Finland，Sweden In places like Finland and Sweden，where nonmeeting related discussions like chat about the weather can be regarded as a way to be off a formallyset agenda and as a waste of other peoples time. In some countries，including Finland，there are long pauses in the conversation. 5 These breaks are used as a way to process what the other person is saying without interrupting. A．Not so in these countries. B．Germans and Austrians are similar. C．Dont even think about a brainstorm. D．Theres often no way to tell how things are going. E．Dont try to fill them，though，with small talk or anything else. F．What do the long silences，idle chitchat and serious faces really mean in context? G．For Soboll，that means changing his own Germanbased expectations of client behaviour. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在不同國家如何成功地召開會議。 1．A　[空處前兩句介紹了常見的會議情況：時間安排松散，開會不準時，總是重復(fù)；結(jié)合空后的“Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting.”可知，日本人注意會議的細節(jié)，并在數(shù)天前就做好準備。據(jù)此可以判斷，空處承上啟下，說明并非所有的國家在開會時都會出現(xiàn)上述的情況：時間安排松散，開會不準時，總是重復(fù)。故A項正確。] 2．B　[根據(jù)該部分中的“where：Germany，Austria，Japan”可知，該部分主要介紹德國、奧地利和日本的開會習(xí)慣；空前一句已經(jīng)介紹了日本的情況，結(jié)合空后一句“Meetings that run long in Germany are often... efficiently.”可知，空處及下一句介紹德國和奧地利的開會習(xí)慣，故B項正確。] 3．C　[根據(jù)空處位置可知，空處為該部分標題，是該部分的主旨；通讀該部分可知，該部分第一句介紹了在中國開會應(yīng)當認真討論，以防發(fā)生尷尬，第二句介紹在開會時不要嘲笑有趣的答案或指出潛在的錯誤；據(jù)此可知，該部分主要介紹要嚴肅認真地討論會議議題，就事論事，不需要在開會前有什么“頭腦風(fēng)暴”，故C項正確。] 4．G　[根據(jù)上文中的“When Pascal Soboll...”和“Rather than... attend based on their own timetable.”以及空后一句可知，意大利人、法國人和西班牙人開會很隨意，G項中的“Soboll”與該處相對應(yīng)，故G項正確。] 5．E　[根據(jù)該部分標題“Please，no small talk”和空前的“there are long pauses in the conversation”可知，選E項，E項中的“them”與“l(fā)ong pauses”對應(yīng)。]