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閱讀理解題型突破(三)　詞義猜測題 (A卷) (加彩的題目為詞義猜測題，本卷限時22分鐘) A (2018金麗衢十二校聯(lián)考)Every year, Lucky and I enter the “Ice Sculpting (冰雕) for Kids” program in our town.Lucky enters to win.I enter to get out of peeling potatoes for our Thanksgiving dinner at home. The program this year took place last week as usual.Everything went along well in the morning.Lucky made a Mayflower and I made a Turkey. However, when we got back after lunch, something unexpected happened.The mainsail of his Mayflower was lying on the table in a puddle of water.I glanced at my Turkey I had made.It had barely begun to melt! “What happened？” I asked.“Did you bump the table when you left？” “No! I just have rotten luck，” he wailed (哀嘆), for the rest of the ship he had made began to melt too.“This can’t be just a case of bad luck，” I said, looking around for something that could have caused the destruction. “Something must have happened，” I said.Lucky’s eyes widened.“You think someone did this on purpose？” I shrugged.“Maybe.It makes more sense than bad luck.” Lucky peered around the room.“Hey，” he whispered.“That kid never left the room for the snack break.Maybe he smashed my Mayflower！” I frowned.“I don’t know, Lucky.He doesn’t really seem the type.” “Haven’t you heard the saying ‘Looks_can_be_deceiving’？” Lucky said, his voice rising.“He probably broke my ship while everyone was gone！” I stared at the ruined Mayflower and shook my head.“It doesn’t look broken, though.It looks more ... disintegrated (使分解)．Lucky, don’t jump to any ...” “I’m telling on that kid！” Lucky interrupted.He charged off, his face as red as cranberry sauce. “... conclusions，” I said.With a sigh, I turned to the shipwreck and placed the melting mainsail back in its original spot.I held it there, thinking, until my fingers turned as cold as the ice.“Yeowch！” I said, dropping the mainsail and sticking my frozen fingers into my mouth. It was in that instant that the puzzle was solved. 語篇解讀：每年，作者和他的小伙伴Lucky都會去參加少兒冰雕展，今年也不例外。但是，他們制作好作品后，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)作品無緣無故的被毀了，他們就此展開了討論和猜測。 1．Why does the writer take part in the “Ice Sculpting for Kids” program? A．He wants to beat Lucky to win the prize. B．He hates to celebrate the Thanksgiving Day. C．He wants to avoid working on Thanksgiving Day. D．He wants to peel more potatoes for Thanksgiving Day. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“I enter to get out of peeling potatoes for our Thanksgiving dinner at home.”可知，作者參加冰雕展就是為了躲避削土豆皮的家務(wù)活。故答案選C。 2．Why did Lucky rush to tell on the kid? A．Because the kid damaged Mayflower on purpose. B．Because Lucky’s Turkey was damaged by the kid. C．Because the kid was away during their snack break. D．Because the kid was the suspect who ruined their works. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第十段“Lucky said, his voice rising. ‘He probably broke my ship while everyone was gone！’”可知，Lucky懷疑是那個小孩趁大家都外出的時候毀了他的小船冰雕。故答案選D。 3．Which of the following can best replace the underlined saying “Looks can be deceiving”？ A．Not all that glitters is gold. B．Never judge a book by its cover. C．A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit. D．Do as you would be done by. 解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前文“I frowned.‘I don’t know, Lucky.He doesn’t really seem the type.’”作者認為他看上去不是這種人；Lucky回答了這句話“Haven’t you heard the saying ‘Looks can be deceiving’”，因此Lucky認為外表是會騙人的。故答案選B。 4．What will the following paragraph probably be about? A．The punishment for the kid. B．The true winner of the program. C．The mystery of the ruined Mayflower. D．The reconstruction of the ruined Mayflower. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“It was in that instant that the puzzle was solved.”就在這時，這個謎被解開了，接下來文章應(yīng)該將這個謎底解開，故答案選C。 B (2018臺州中學(xué)統(tǒng)練)In this article, we’ll e to two things invented by women, Liquid Paper and Windshield Wiper. Bette Graham was not a very good typist.Still the high school dropout worked her way to bee the executive secretary for the chairman of the board of the Texas Bank and Trust.It was in the 1950s, and the electric type writer was just introduced.Secretaries often found themselves retyping entire pages because of one tiny mistake, as the new model’s carbon ribbon made it difficult to correct errors. One day, Graham watched workers painting a holiday display on a bank window.She noticed that when they made mistakes, they simply added another layer of paint to cover them up, and thought she could apply that idea to her typing blunders.Graham mixed up a waterbased paint with dye (染料) that matched her pany’s paper.Then she was able to quickly correct her errors.Soon, the other secretaries were asking for the product, which Graham continued to produce in her kitchen.Graham was fired from her job for her spending too much time distributing her product, but she was able to improve her mixture, renamed the product “Liquid Paper” and received a patent in 1958. At the dawn of the 20th century, Mary Anderson went to New York City for the first time.There were no cabs honking, and nor were there thousands of cars rushing in traffic.Cars were quite rare when Anderson took that trip, but the woman from Alabama ended up inventing something that has bee standard on every automobile. During her trip, Anderson took a tram (電車) through the snowcovered city.She noticed that the driver had to stop the train every few minutes to wipe the snow off his front window.At the time, all drivers had to do so; rain and snow were thought to be things drivers had to deal with, for they resulted in poor visibility.When she returned home, Anderson developed a squeegee (橡膠刷) attached to a handle inside the car.When the driver needed to clear the glass, he simply pulled on the handle.Anderson received a patent for her device in 1903; just 10 years later, thousands of Americans owned a car with her invention. 語篇解讀：你知道修正液和汽車的雨刷是怎么來的嗎？是誰發(fā)明的嗎？本文跟我們詳細介紹了這兩項發(fā)明的一些細節(jié)。 5．The underlined word “blunders” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “________”． A．some kinds of dye　　　　 B．inventions C．errors D．layers of paint 解析：選C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中畫線詞所在的句子可知，她發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)那些工人犯了一些錯誤后，只是簡單地用另一層漆覆蓋掉，她覺得她可以把這個技術(shù)應(yīng)用到她的打印錯誤中去，此處的blunders相當(dāng)于前面的mistakes。故答案選C。 6．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Bette Graham once lost her job because of her devotion to her invention. B．Mary Anderson was a Canadian who moved to work in New York city. C．The popularity of cars in America contributed to Mary Anderson’s invention. D．Both of the women in the text were great scientists who made great inventions. 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Graham was fired from her job for her spending too much time distributing her product”可知，因為她花了太多時間在她的產(chǎn)品上，結(jié)果她被公司給開除了。故答案選A。 7．What can we learn from the two inventions in the text? A．Failure is the mother of success. B．Men make errors so long as they struggle. C．Genius only means working hard all one’s life. D．Inspiration from daily life is the source of inventions. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。文章的兩個發(fā)明都是從日常生活中的一些現(xiàn)象中獲得靈感的。故答案選D。 C (2018寧波市上學(xué)期期末)From a child I was fond of reading, and all the little money that came into my hands was ever laid out in books.Pleased with the Pilgrim’s Progress, my first collection was of John Bunyan’s works, in separate little volumes.I afterwards sold them to enable me to buy R．Burton’s Historical Collections; they were small chapmen’s books and cheap, 40 or 50 in all.My father’s little library consisted chiefly of books in religion, most of which I read, and have since often regretted that, at a time when I had such a thirst for knowledge; more proper books had not fallen in my way, since I realized that I should not be a clergyman (牧師)．Plutarch’s Lives there was, in which I read abundantly, and I still think that time spent to great advantage.There was also a book of Defoe’s, called An Essay on Projects, and another of Dr.Mather’s called Essays to Do Good which perhaps gave me a turn of thinking that had an influence on some of the principal future events of my life. This bookish preference at length determined my father to make me a printer, though he had already one son (James) of that profession.In 1717, my brother James returned from England with a press and letters to set up his business in Boston.I liked it much better than that of my father, but still have a thirst for the sea.To prevent the concerned effect of such a desire, my father was impatient to have me bound to my brother.I stood out some time but at last was persuaded, and signed the contract, when I was yet but 12 years old.I was to serve as an apprentice (學(xué)徒) till I was 21 years of age, only I was to be allowed journeyman’s wages during the last year.In a little time I made great proficiency in the business, and became a useful hand to my brother. I_now_had_access_to_better_books.An acquaintance with the apprentices of booksellers, enabled me sometimes to borrow a small one, which I was careful to return soon and clean.Often I sat up in my room reading the greatest part of the night, when the book was borrowed in the evening and to be returned early in the morning, in case it should be missed or wanted.And after some time an imaginative tradesman Mr.Matthew Adams who had a pretty collection of books and who visited our printing house frequently took notice of me, invited me to his library, and very kindly lent me such books as I choose to read. —From Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin 語篇解讀：文章取自富蘭克林自傳。在文中他介紹了自己小時候喜歡讀書，讀書改變了他的生活。后來，由于父親的堅持，他從事了印刷業(yè)，雖然不是自己的理想，但是他能接觸到更多他感興趣的書，對他的未來影響巨大。 8．Which of the following does NOT contribute to the author’s change of thought? A．Pilgrim’s Progress B．Plutarch’s Lives C．An Essay on Projects D．Essays to Do Good 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中最后兩句話可知，這里提到的三本書都對富蘭克林影響巨大，改變了他的想法。故答案選A。 9．What was the reason that his father made him a printer? A．His father thought he had a gift for painting. B．He liked the printing business better than any other things. C．His brother, as a printer, promised to take good care of him. D．His father worried that his longing for sea might affect his future. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“... but still have a thirst for the sea.To prevent the concerned effect of such a desire, my father was impatient to have me bound to my brother.”可知，父親怕我對大海太過感興趣，而影響我的未來，因此，他迫不及待想讓我從事印刷業(yè)。故答案選D。 10．What does the underlined sentence “I now had access to better books.” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．My desire for books was pletely satisfied. B．I could afford the books that I really preferred. C．My spare time was mostly occupied with reading. D．I could read more books which I was interested in. 解析：選D　句意理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“An acquaintance with the apprentices of booksellers, enabled me sometimes to borrow a small one, which I was careful to return soon and clean.”以及后文可知，作者由于從事印刷行業(yè)，現(xiàn)在有更多的機會接觸到他感興趣的書，并且可以借閱回家去讀。故答案選D。 閱讀理解題型突破(三)　詞義猜測題 (B卷) (加彩的題目為詞義猜測題，本卷限時22分鐘) A (2018浙江省名校第二次聯(lián)考)Sometimes we think that we would be happy if all our dreams e true.However, it’s the process of achieving our goals and it’s the road towards our dreams that enriches us and makes us happy. There was a little, but always cranky girl.Everything was bad for her.There weren’t enough toys or the gifts she was getting were wrong.She wished to meet an enchantress (女巫) that would turn her life a fairy tale. One day an enchantress came to the little girl and said that she would give her the fulfilment of one wish every day.The girl became happy: now all her dreams would e true.She thanked the kind enchantress and ran home. From that day she was waiting for every morning with joy and enthusiasm: because one more dream would e true for her.The days passed, the dreams came true.But soon the little girl realized that fulfilment of the wishes did not give her joy and happiness which she hoped for.Many wishes brought her disappointment, and some even a pain.Almost every dream was an empty little girl’s caprice (任性)．Being satisfied, she suddenly realized that she did not want this. The girl was getting sadder and sadder day by day, and wishfulfilment did not bring any joy to her.Soon she started to fear her own dreams. So the girl went to the kind enchantress and asked her to take her terrible gift back.She was afraid to live and wake up every day, waiting for a ing execution (完成) of another wish.Crying, she asked the enchantress to fulfil only one her dream: to live as she lived before and enjoy life. Kind enchantress had mercy upon the little girl.She waved her magic wand and disappeared.The girl ran home.She was happy, because she knew that now she would painstakingly seek for her one big cherished dream, not wasting time with shortterm, in fact, quite unnecessary whims. 語篇解讀：是不是實現(xiàn)所有的目標就開心了？顯然不是！是在實現(xiàn)目標的過程中，和走在實現(xiàn)目標的路上才能真正使我們覺得開心，有意義。 1．Why wasn’t the girl happy at the very beginning? A．Because she didn’t have good toys and gifts. B．Because she was afraid to live and wake up every day. C．Because she was not satisfied with everything around her. D．Because she hadn’t met an enchantress that would change her life. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Everything was bad for her.There weren’t enough toys or the gifts she was getting were wrong.”可知小女孩對她周圍的一切都不滿意，故答案為C。 2．What does “this” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Every dream was an empty girl’s caprice. B．Her wishes were fulfilled one by one as time went by. C．She could enjoy her life and chase her dream freely. D．The fulfilment of the wishes didn’t give her joy and happiness. 解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句以及第四段中“But soon the little girl realized ... and some even a pain.”可知，每天小女孩都能實現(xiàn)一個愿望，但是她現(xiàn)在突然意識到許多愿望都給她帶來失望甚至痛苦，她并非想要這個，也就是“每天都能實現(xiàn)一個愿望”。故答案為B。 3．According to the passage, we’ll be happy if we ________. A．meet a kind enchantress B．realize all our small dreams C．live an extraordinary life and enjoy it D．work hard for one precious dream 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容和最后一段中的“She was happy, because she knew that now she would painstakingly seek for her one big cherished dream ... quite unnecessary whims.”可知，小女孩意識到了人生只要有一個目標，并為此而付出努力，就可以過得很開心，故答案為D。 B (2018浙江省名校第二次聯(lián)考)“I think I’m nothing more than a dead fish.” “I don’t want to do anything.” “I’m so beat and so sad.” ...The young generation in our country used to enjoy their “happy culture” but now they have bee “beat and sad” slowly and secretly.Some people even called it “the Beat Culture”．The “Beat” youths don’t want to do anything.They have no purpose, no desire and they are totally depressed so that they only want to live an aimless life.The “Ge You slouch (葛優(yōu)癱)” and the song I feel like having been drained are the examples. Many media concern themselves about this phenomenon and try to persuade the youths into embracing positive and healthy feelings and encourage them to work hard to get rid of decadence.This is really a kind gesture.However, we don’t have to worry too much about this “Beat Culture.” In fact, it’s not a negative thing.“Beat” never means despair, but a way of selfmockery (自嘲) and pressure relief. In general, the youths in China are not “beat”．According to a recent international research, the youths in China hold positive attitude towards the future.29% of the Chinese interviewees believe they will live and work in peace in China because “as long as you work hard, you can have your own day”．Around 93% of the Chinese interviewees believe the future is promising because of medicine industry, renewable energy sources and puter.pared with Chinese youngsters, youths in developed countries are more pessimistic (悲觀的)． Of course there are some social reasons for the appearing of “the Beat Culture”．As urbanization develops rapidly, youths living in big cities are facing new challenges that their forefathers have never encountered before.Loneliness and feelings of insignificance and powerlessness are easy to get hold of the young people.Without proper care, they could threaten our mentality and cause many social problems.These problems probably need our attention more. 語篇解讀：中國的年輕人出現(xiàn)了“垮掉”的癥狀，一些媒體努力讓年輕人擁有積極的心態(tài)。但作者看來，這些是社會發(fā)展的正?，F(xiàn)象，有原因可循，無須擔(dān)心，中國年輕人并非是垮掉的一代。 4．“The Beat Culture” includes the following examples EXCEPT that ________. A．the young generation don’t feel like doing anything B．the young generation consider themselves dead fish C．the young generation in big cities are facing new challenges D．the young generation enjoy the song I feel like having been drained 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“I think I’m nothing more than a dead fish.” “I don’t want to do anything.” “I’m so beat and so sad.”以及最后一句可知A、B、D三個選項均是“垮掉”的種種表現(xiàn)，只有C項未提及。故答案選C。 5．Which word has the most similar meaning with “decadence” in Paragraph 2? A．Loneliness.　　　　　　 B．Laziness. C．Sufferings. D．Pessimism. 解析：選D　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“try to persuade the youths into embracing positive and healthy feelings ...”眾多媒體試圖說服年輕人要有積極健康的情緒來去除掉decadence可知，此處decadence應(yīng)該是positive的對立面，根據(jù)后文的提示，應(yīng)該是這種悲觀情緒。故答案選D。 6．What can we learn from the passage? A．Most people believe that with hard work, people can have their own day. B．These days, young people suffer much more loneliness than their parents. C．Chinese youths are more negative than young people in developed countries. D．Social development does bring some pressure to the younger generation. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段對年輕人有這種負面情緒的原因剖析，我們可以知道主要原因是城市化進展的加速，年輕人碰到了他們前人沒有碰到的一些問題，這給他們帶來了很大的壓力。故答案選D。 7．What’s the main idea of the text? A．The Chinese youths are not the beat generation. B．How does “the Beat Culture” affect the Chinese youth. C．“The Beat Culture” is positive to Chinese youngsters. D．“The Beat Culture” is popular among the Chinese youngsters. 解析：選A　主旨大意題。本文從中國的年輕人貌似“垮掉”的現(xiàn)象出發(fā)，然后從媒體試圖讓年輕人擁有積極的生活態(tài)度引出作者的觀點，作者認為無須擔(dān)心，因為這些是社會發(fā)展的正?，F(xiàn)象，而且用證據(jù)來證明中國的年輕人其實并沒有垮掉。故答案選A。 C (2018稽陽聯(lián)考)A new library in Tianjin — Tianjin Binhai Public Library — recently became an online hit.The Daily Mail described it as the “world’s ultimate library”， while the word “breathtaking” was the choice of Newsweek magazine.One look at the library and you’ll see why.With its futuristic design and walls loaded with books, it’s the dream library of every book lover. But as the awe continues, there’s a burning question lying in the back of our minds: When physical bookstores are closing down one by one, what makes libraries immune (免除的) from the wave of digitalization? And do we really still need libraries now we’ve got the Internet in our hands? Reporter Ian Clark has the answer.“Libraries are not declining in importance — people are simply changing the way they use them，” he wrote on the Guardian website. What Clark means is that libraries have shifted from simply being storehouses of books to a medium to help “bridge the gap between the haves and the havenots”， according to website Libraries Are Essential.Since not everyone can afford a smartphone, a tablet or an Internet connection, and not everyone knows how to search the Internet correctly and efficiently, it’s public libraries that make sure that these resources and technologies are available to a larger group of people. And one of the pitfalls that e with online materials is that they’re not always reliable.“Google doesn’t tell you what you’re not getting, so people need to evaluate the quality and pleteness of what they see on their screens，” Sarah Pritchard, dean of libraries at Northwestern University, told Northwestern Research Magazine.And libraries are usually where that “evaluation happens”． But all of these practical functions aside, we still need the physical space that a library provides.It’s something that’s called a “third place”， according to the Seattle Times.This is a place in which we can fully concentrate on our study and work without easily getting distracted. And pared to other “third places” like coffee shops, libraries have a “nonmercial nature” that allows you to relax pletely. “Nobody is trying to sell you anything in the library.There is no pressure to buy and there is no judgment of your choices，” Anne Goulding, a professor at Victoria University in New Zealand, wrote on the Newsroom website. “There are few other spaces that you can just ‘be’ without somebody questioning your presence or your motivation.” 語篇解讀：天津濱海公共圖書館成了網(wǎng)紅。各大媒體爭相報道，并解釋為何在當(dāng)今數(shù)字時代，實體圖書館依然需要存在的原因以及意義。 8．Which of the following words best describe “Tianjin B