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Unit 2 The environment (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．flow vi.　　　　　 　　 流，流動(dòng)；流暢地進(jìn)行 n. 流動(dòng)；連貫 2．clap vi.& vt. 鼓掌，拍手 3．a(chǎn)dministration n. 管理；管理部門；施行；(美國(guó))政府 4．conservation n. (對(duì)自然環(huán)境的)保護(hù) 5．fuel n. 燃料 vt.& vi. 提供燃料；加油 6．businessman n. (尤指上層)商界人員；企業(yè)家 7．raw adj. 原始的，未經(jīng)加工或處理的 8．greedy adj. 貪婪的，貪心的 9．plant n. 工廠；發(fā)電廠 10．customs n. 海關(guān)；關(guān)稅 11．oxygen n. 氧氣 12．carbon n. 碳 13．vehicle n. 交通工具，車輛 14．crop n. 莊稼，農(nóng)作物 15．engine n. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，引擎 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——————寫其形 1．debate n．& vi.[縱聯(lián)1] 辯論；爭(zhēng)論，討論 2．recycle vi.& vt. 回收利用 3．quantity n. 數(shù)量 4．conflict vi. 沖突，抵觸 n. 沖突；矛盾 5．willing adj. 愿意的，樂(lè)意的 6．decrease vt.& vi.& n. 減少 7．measure n. 措施，方法；尺度 vt. 測(cè)量；估量，判定 8．a(chǎn)ppreciate vt. [縱聯(lián)2] 欣賞，贊賞；感激；領(lǐng)會(huì) 9．flood n. vt.& vi.[縱聯(lián)3] 洪水；大批，大量 泛濫；淹沒(méi)；大量涌入 10．decade n. 十年 11．range n. 范圍；一系列；山脈 vi. (在一定范圍內(nèi))變化；包括；排列，排序 12．particular adj. 特指的；特別的；講究的 13．a(chǎn)rrest vt.& n. 逮捕 14．credit n. 贊揚(yáng)，稱贊，認(rèn)可；信用，信譽(yù)；學(xué)分 15．illegally adv. 非法地 16．goods n．[縱聯(lián)4] 商品，貨品 17．a(chǎn)rrival n. 到來(lái)，抵達(dá)；到達(dá)者 Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．consultant n．顧問(wèn)→consult vt.& vi.查閱；請(qǐng)教；商議 2．production n．產(chǎn)量；生產(chǎn)→produce vt.& vi.生產(chǎn)，制造→product n．產(chǎn)品；產(chǎn)物 3．responsibility n．責(zé)任，職責(zé)→responsible adj.負(fù)責(zé)的；盡責(zé)的 4．belief n．看法；信念→believe vt.相信 5．environmental adj.環(huán)境的→environment n．環(huán)境→environmentally adv.有關(guān)環(huán)境的 6．operate vt.& vi.經(jīng)營(yíng)；動(dòng)手術(shù)→operation n．操作；經(jīng)營(yíng)；手術(shù)→operator n．操作員；話務(wù)員 7．impress vt.使印象深刻→impression n．印象→impressive adj.給人深刻印象的 8．electrical adj.電的，用電的→electric adj.電的；用電的；能發(fā)電的→electricity n．電；電學(xué)；電流 9．consume vt.消耗，耗費(fèi)；消費(fèi)→consumer n．消費(fèi)者，用戶，顧客→consumption n．消費(fèi) 10．a(chǎn)bsorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神貫注→absorbed adj.全神貫注的；一心一意的；被吸收的→absorption n．專注；吸收 縱聯(lián)1.各種“論”法 ①talk n．& v．談?wù)?，議論 ②discuss vi.討論，論述 ③argue v．爭(zhēng)論；辯論 ④debate n．& vi.辯論，討論 ⑤ment n．& v．評(píng)論 ⑥r(nóng)emark n．& v．評(píng)論，談?wù)? ⑦theory n．理論 ⑧conclude v．得出結(jié)論 縱聯(lián)2.“感激”家族 ①appreciate v. ②appreciation n. ③grateful adj. ④gratitude n. ⑤thank v. ⑥thankful adj. 縱聯(lián)3.可怕的“自然災(zāi)害” ①flood洪水 ②typhoon臺(tái)風(fēng) ③tsunami海嘯 ④tornado龍卷風(fēng) ⑤sandstorm沙塵暴 ⑥earthquake地震 ⑦eruption(火山)噴發(fā) ⑧hurricane颶風(fēng) 縱聯(lián)4.“形容詞＋s”變成名詞的單詞薈萃 ①new新的→news消息，新聞 ②good好的→goods貨品，商品 ③short短的→shorts短褲 ④chemical化學(xué)的→chemicals化學(xué)藥品 ⑤economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的→economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 單元話題——人與環(huán)境 子話題1　環(huán)境污染 ①rubbish n．垃圾　　　　　　 ②litter n．垃圾 ③smog n．霧霾 ④carbon emission碳排放 ⑤global warming全球變暖 ⑥acid rain酸雨 ⑦emission n．排放 ⑧radiation n．輻射；放射物 ⑨destruction n．破壞，毀壞 ⑩carbon dioxide二氧化碳 ?greenhouse effect溫室效應(yīng) ?nuclear energy核能 子話題2　環(huán)境保護(hù) ①ecofriendly adj. 環(huán)保的 ②renewable adj. 可更新的 ③sustainable development 可持續(xù)發(fā)展 ④environmentally friendly 有利于環(huán)境保護(hù)的 ⑤lowcarbon 低碳的 ⑥ecology n. 生態(tài)學(xué) ⑦endangered adj. 瀕危的 ⑧advocate vt. 擁護(hù)，提倡 ⑨conserve v. 保護(hù)，保存 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用 1．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空)Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop?. Since 2011, the country has grown more corn than rice. Corn __?__ (produce) has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased? only 7 percent. ①加黑詞塊在句中意為：重要農(nóng)作物 ②用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：production，在句中表示“產(chǎn)量，生產(chǎn)”。 ③寫出加黑詞在本單元的反義詞：decrease，本詞語(yǔ)既可以作動(dòng)詞也可以作名詞，作名詞時(shí)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)on_the_decrease，意為“在減少”。 2．(2018北京高考閱讀D)While much of the debate? so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The __?__ (arrive) of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally? friendly and more shared. ①寫出加黑詞的漢語(yǔ)意思：討論，爭(zhēng)論 ②用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：arrival，符合這一“動(dòng)詞→名詞”變化規(guī)律的詞語(yǔ)還有：remove→removal;_propose→proposal;_refuse→refusal等。 ③寫出加黑詞在本單元的同根形容詞：environmental；environmentally friendly意為“環(huán)保的”。 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用 (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)及提示詞翻譯句子) 1．(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))如果你能為我檢查一下內(nèi)容和格式，我將不勝感激。(appreciate) I_would_appreciate_it_if_you_could_check_the_contents_and_format_for_me. 2．(2017北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我們討論要把什么放入視頻中。(debate) We_debated_over_what_to_put_into_the_video. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 1．responsibility n．責(zé)任，職責(zé) [記牢] (1)have the/(a) responsibility to do ...　　　　　　　　　　有責(zé)任/有義務(wù)做…… bear/take (on) the responsibility for 承擔(dān)對(duì)……的責(zé)任，為……負(fù)責(zé) a sense of responsibility　 責(zé)任感 (2)responsible adj. 有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的 be responsible for 應(yīng)對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)；對(duì)……有責(zé)任 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①Last but not least, its everyones responsibility to_make (make) good use of water. ②We should be responsible (responsibility) for the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind. ③There is no doubt that we human beings should be responsible for the global warming. 完成句子 ④If you serve your munity, you will grow up to be a good citizen with a_strong_sense_of_responsibility (強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感)． ⑤We should motivate the students into taking_the_responsibility_for (為……負(fù)責(zé)) their own work. [寫美] ⑥(2011江西高考書(shū)面表達(dá))因此，讓我們承擔(dān)起通過(guò)騎自行車建設(shè)低碳城市的責(zé)任。 Therefore,_lets_take_the_responsibility_to_build_up_a_lowcarbon_city_by_riding_bicycles. 2．operate vt.經(jīng)營(yíng)，管理；操作vi.動(dòng)手術(shù)；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；見(jiàn)效，起作用 [辨清]　寫出下列句中operate的含義 ①People were trapped between floors because the lift didnt operate properly.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) ②Its too difficult for him to operate this new plex machine.操作 ③My father is a doctor. He operated on a patient on the head last night.動(dòng)手術(shù) ④The medicine will quickly operate on such patients.起作用 ⑤They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.經(jīng)營(yíng) [記牢] (1)operate on sb. (for ...)　　 (因某病)給某人動(dòng)手術(shù) (2)operation n. 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，運(yùn)行；操作 e/go into operation 生效，實(shí)行 be in operation 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中，實(shí)施中 operator n. 操作員；接線員 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ⑥The patient was in great danger, so the doctors decided to operate on him immediately for his heart disease. ⑦The doctor is performing an operation (operate) on the injured child. 完成句子 ⑧It is said that some new rules will_e/go_into_operation_next_month (將于下個(gè)月生效)． ⑨Protective clothing must be worn when_the_machine_is_in_operation (當(dāng)機(jī)器在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí))． [寫美] ⑩(2009江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，沒(méi)有鼠標(biāo)操作電腦幾乎是不可能的，更不用說(shuō)上網(wǎng)了。 For_most_people,_its_almost_impossible_to_operate_a_puter_without_a_mouse,_let_alone_surf_the_Internet. 3．impress vt.使印象深刻；使銘記，使牢記 [記牢] (1)impress sb. with sth.　　　 某事給某人留下深刻印象 impress sth. on/upon sb./ones memory (mind) 使某人對(duì)某事有印象/使某人銘記某事 be impressed with/by/at ... 對(duì)……印象深刻 (2)impression n. 印象 leave/make an impression on sb.　 給某人留下印象 (3)impressive adj. 令人贊嘆的；令人難忘的 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①It is especially important to make a good first impression (impress) at a job interview. ②Among his many good qualities, punctuality is the most impressive (impress) one. ③The little boy impressed me with his big and bright eyes the first time I saw him. ④My father impressed the importance of honesty on/upon me. 完成句子 ⑤The new teacher made/left_a_good_impression_on/upon (給……留下好印象) the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk. ⑥We will be_impressed_with/at/by (對(duì)……印象深刻) the newly learnt words only if they are frequently used in everyday munication. [寫美] ⑦(2016天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))給我們印象最深的是你們的藝術(shù)技巧，顯示出了你們過(guò)人的天賦。 What_impressed_us_most_are_your_art_skills,_in_which_you_showed_outstanding_talent. 4．decrease vt.& vi.& n．減少 [記牢] (1)decrease to　　　　　　　 減少到 decrease by 減少了 decrease from ... to ... 從……減少到…… (2)on the decrease 在減少 [練通]　完成句子 ①Last year the number of independent firms decreased_from_198_to_96 (從198家減少到96家)． ②To be frank with you, the number of the people who drive after drinking is on_the_decrease (在減少)． ③The traffic accidents in the city decreased_by_30% (減少了30%) last year. [寫美] ④(2015江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))說(shuō)實(shí)話，違反交通規(guī)則的人正在減少。 Honestly_speaking,_people_who_break_traffic_rules_are_on_the_decrease. 5．measure n．措施，方法；尺度vt.測(cè)量；估量，判定 vi.(指尺寸、長(zhǎng)、寬、高等)量度為 [辨清]　寫出下列句中measure的含義 ①We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them. 措施 ②This line measures four times as long as that one. 量度為 ③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. 尺度 ④Its difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.估量 ⑤Did you measure the distance between the two development zones？測(cè)量 [記牢] (1)be measured by/in　　　　　 用……來(lái)衡量/計(jì)算 (2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事 make ... to sb.s measure 按某人的尺寸做…… [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ⑥Education shouldnt be measured purely by/in examination results. ⑦The new bridge under construction, measuring (measure) twice as long as the old one, is due to be pleted next month. ⑧In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with the Spring Festival ing. 完成句子 ⑨Right now, the government should take_powerful_measures (采取強(qiáng)有力的措施) to push the states economy forward. [用準(zhǔn)]　measure作名詞表示“措施”時(shí)，常用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。作動(dòng)詞表示“有……長(zhǎng)/寬/高”時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；若表示此意義的短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 [寫美] ⑩(2013重慶高考書(shū)面表達(dá))它們的數(shù)量不足1 000只，因此我希望你們能采取一些有效措施來(lái)保護(hù)它們。 The_number_of_them_is_less_than_1,000,_so_I_hope_you_can_take_some_effective_measures_to_protect_them. 6．range n．(變動(dòng))范圍，幅度；一系列；分類；射程；山脈vt.& vi.(在一定范圍內(nèi))變化；包括；排列，排序 [辨清]　寫出下列句中range的含義 ①The houses are sold out within this price range.范圍 ②Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.山脈 ③The temperature of this city ranges from 0 ℃to 30 ℃. (在一定范圍內(nèi))變化 ④The pany manufactures a range of innovative lightweight cycles.一系列 ⑤These missiles have a range of 300 miles.射程 [記牢] (1)in/within range (of sth.)　　　 在(……的)范圍內(nèi) beyond/out of range (of sth.) 在(……的)范圍外 a range of 一系列的 (2)range from ... to ... ＝range between ... and ... 　　　　　　　　　　 在……和……范圍內(nèi)變化 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ⑥(2017北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants. ⑦When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60km/h and 120km/h. 完成句子 ⑧I have_a_wide_range_of_hobbies (愛(ài)好廣泛), including reading, keeping a diary, playing balls with friends and so on. ⑨The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond_our_range (超出了我們能承受的范圍)． [寫美] ⑩(2013遼寧高考書(shū)面表達(dá))除了這些傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng)，我們還有更廣泛的選擇，例如旅行和拜訪我們的親戚或朋友。 In_addition_to_these_traditional_activities,_we_have_a_wider_range_of_choices_such_as_travelling_and_visiting_our_relatives_or_friends. 7．a(chǎn)ppreciate vt.欣賞，贊賞；感謝；領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解 [記牢] (1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.ing 欣賞/感激…… I would appreciate it if ... 假如……，我將不勝感激 (2)appreciation n. 欣賞；感激 [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①Wed appreciate your leaving (leave) as fast as possible. ②I really appreciate it if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent. ③Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase. [用準(zhǔn)]　appreciate表示“感激”時(shí)，后面跟動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)；appreciate后的賓語(yǔ)可以是sth.或形式賓語(yǔ)it，但不跟sb.作賓語(yǔ)，如果表示“感激某人”則用thank sb.。當(dāng)appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般先加it，再接賓語(yǔ)從句。 [寫美] ④(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))如果你能方便時(shí)盡快回復(fù)我的信件我將不勝感激。 Ill_appreciate_it_if_you_can_reply_to_my_letter_at_your_earliest_convenience. 8．particular adj.專指的，特指的；特別的；講究的，挑剔的 [記牢] (1)be particular about　　　　 對(duì)……講究/挑剔 in particular 尤其，特別 (2)particularly adv. 尤其，特別 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①It was a good concert — I enjoyed the last song in particular. ②Steve was in a particularly (particular) bad mood when he got back. 完成句子 ③Mary is going on a diet, so she is_very_particular_about_food (對(duì)食物相當(dāng)挑剔)． [寫美] ④(2009廣東高考書(shū)面表達(dá))他特別提醒我們，如何握筆也與近視有關(guān)。 He_reminded_us_in_particular_that_how_to_hold_a_pen_is_also_related_to_shortsightedness. 9．a(chǎn)bsorb vt.吸收(氣體、液體、熱、光等)；理解；使全神貫注 [辨清]　寫出下列句中absorb的含義 ①This work had absorbed him for several years, and finally he won a good reputation for his work.使全神貫注 ②Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.吸收 [記牢] (1)absorb/attract/draw ones attention 　　　　　　　　　 吸引某人的注意 absorb ... into ... 把……吸收進(jìn)…… absorb oneself in ... 全神貫注于 (2)absorbed adj. 全神貫注的 (be/get) absorbed in ... 全神貫注于…… absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的，引人入勝的 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ③This kind of cream is easily absorbed into skin, which is a good seller this year. ④Absorbed (absorb) in his work, he didnt hear what I said. ⑤The novel was so absorbing (absorb) that she read on without a break. 句式升級(jí) ⑥The singer was absorbed in his singing.The singer forgot to have his lunch.(用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)合并句子) →Absorbed_in_his_singing,_the_singer_forgot_to_have_his_lunch. [生義]　讀句子猜詞義 ⑦Its a lot of information to absorb all at once.理解，掌握 [寫美] ⑧(2015福建高考書(shū)面表達(dá))一縷微弱的光線從墻上的小孔中透過(guò)來(lái)，他正在專心致志地讀書(shū)。 A_weak_ray_of_light_came_in_through_a_small_hole_in_the_wall_and_he_absorbed_himself_in/was_absorbed_in_his_reading. [聯(lián)想]　be absorbed in (doing) sth.結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用其過(guò)去分詞形式absorbed in ...。類似用法的還有： be lost in ...　　　　　　 陷入……；專心致志于…… be caught/trapped in ... 被困在…… be buried in ... 埋頭于…… be devoted to ... 致力于……；專心于…… be occupied in ... 忙于…… be involved in ... 專注于…… [詞匯過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Her greedy (貪婪的) parents married her a rich man she didnt love. 2．It is recognized that environmental (環(huán)境的) pollution has bee one of the most serious problems. 3．It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit (信用)． 4．They came into conflict (沖突) with the local villagers because of a heated quarrel. 5．Successful are those who are willing (樂(lè)意的) to take pains. 6．The newspaper is believed to have been unprofitable for at least the past decade (十年)． 7．The escaped prisoner got arrested (逮捕) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again. 8．Bank base rates have fallen from 10 per cent to 6 per cent — a decrease (減少) of 40 per cent. Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．My brother has a firm belief in the value of cold bath. 2．In the good care of the nurses, the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation (operate)． 3．The exchange program between the UK and China may affect various schools ranging (range) from kindergartens to high schools. 4．Id appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will e. 5．Large quantities of food are_wasted (waste) because of the way it looks. 6．She loves the song in particular, because her mother used to sing it. 7．We need to take responsibility (responsible) for looking after our own health. 8．One of the questions under debate over education in many colleges is whether education is a lifetime study. Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．The demand for tea is on decrease each year.on后加the 2．The classroom measured 30 feet long and 20 feet wide is used as a shelter for the survivors.measured→measuring 3．Absorbing in his writing, the writer forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.Absorbing→Absorbed 4．Their account of the event was in the conflict with ours.去掉第二個(gè)the 5．The doctor operated the patient at once and saved his life.operated后加on Ⅳ.完成句子/一句多譯 1．Their honesty and hospitality leave_an_unforgettable_impression (留下難忘的印象) on her life. 2．She was_so_particular_about_her_housework (對(duì)家務(wù)活如此挑剔) that servants will not work for her. 3．如果你能教我如何使用電腦，我將不勝感激。 ①Id_appreciate_you/your_teaching_me how to use the puter.(appreciate sb./sb.s doing) ②Id_appreciate_it_if_you_could_teach_me how to use the puter.(appreciate it if) ③Id_be_grateful/thankful_to_you_if_you_could_teach_me how to use the puter.(be grateful/thankful to sb.) 4．由于專心作畫(huà)，約翰沒(méi)有注意到我進(jìn)入他的書(shū)房。 ①As he was_absorbed_in_painting,_John didnt notice me enter his study.(be absorbed in) ②Absorbed_in_painting,_John didnt notice me enter his study.(分詞作狀語(yǔ)) (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) 1．open_the_floor　　　　　　 自由發(fā)言 2．cut_back_on 減少，削減，縮減 3．use_up[串記1] 用盡 4．run_out_(of) 用完，耗盡 5．clean_up 打掃(或清除)干凈 6．queue_up 排隊(duì)等候 7．pick_out 找出，挑選 8．under_way 進(jìn)行中 9．in/with_regard_to 關(guān)于，至于 10．let_off[串記2] 排放，釋放 11．in_particular[串記3] 尤其，特別 12．do_ones_part 盡自己的職責(zé) 13．result_in 導(dǎo)致 14．rely_on_..._for_... 依賴……提供…… 15．large_quantities_of 許多，大量 16．blame_..._on_... 把……歸咎于…… 17．put_..._in_danger 把……置于危險(xiǎn)之地 18．in_use 在使用中 [同根短語(yǔ)串記](méi) 串記1.“v.＋up”短語(yǔ)薈萃 ①turn up 出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng) ②make up 組成；彌補(bǔ)；編造 ③pick up 撿起，拾起；學(xué)到 ④speed up 加速 ⑤link up 聯(lián)合，連接 ⑥use up 用盡 串記2.let 短語(yǔ)一覽 ①let alone 不管；不打擾 ②let down 放下；使失望 ③let out 放出；泄露；出租 ④let off 排放 ⑤let pass 放過(guò)；不追究 ⑥let in 允許進(jìn)入；容許 串記3.“in＋n.”短語(yǔ)聯(lián)想 ①in particular 尤其，特別 ②in turn 依次，反過(guò)來(lái) ③in mon 共同，共用 ④in detail 詳細(xì)地 ⑤in general 普遍地，一般地 ⑥in use 在使用中 1．hiding from their responsibilities　　 逃避責(zé)任 2．keep the Earth clean and healthy 保持地球清潔、健康 3．environmental protection 環(huán)境保護(hù) 4．ecofriendly washing powder 環(huán)保型洗衣粉 5．economic development 經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 6．decrease desertification 減少沙漠化 7．replace their crops with trees or grass 退耕還林或還草 8．help improve the local environment　 幫助改善當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境 1．With_me_are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant. 和我一起的，一位是來(lái)自綠色地球協(xié)會(huì)的林水清女士，另一位是商業(yè)發(fā)展顧問(wèn)錢力偉先生。 2．The worlds population has grown by six_times_what_it_was in 1800. 世界人口比1800年已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)了六倍。 3．I liked_it_when you told that joke. 我喜歡你講的那個(gè)笑話。 4．Therefore, the_more petrol and electricity we consume, the_more carbon we are letting off. 因此，我們消耗的汽油和電越多，排放的碳就越多。 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞塊和句式(完成句子) (2015天津高考閱讀A)Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students_must_clean_up_after_cooking (學(xué)生在做飯后必須打掃干凈)?. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that_are_not_kept_clean (沒(méi)有保持清潔的)? may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven (微波爐) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms. 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的短語(yǔ)和句式 (根據(jù)提示翻譯句子) 1．(2011安徽高考書(shū)面表達(dá))作為高中生，我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中遇到了一個(gè)接一個(gè)的困難。(run into) As_high_school_students,_we_run_into_one_difficulty_after_another_in_the_process_of_learning. 2．(2013安徽高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該盡自己的職責(zé)來(lái)改變這一現(xiàn)狀。(do ones part) I_think_we_should_do_our_part_to_change_the_situation. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 [短語(yǔ)集釋] 1．cut back on 減少，削減，縮減 [記牢] cut across/through　　 抄近路穿過(guò) cut in 插嘴，打斷(談話) cut off 切斷(供應(yīng))，中斷(電話通話等)； 斷絕 cut down 砍倒，削減，裁小 cut up 切碎 [練通]　選用上述短語(yǔ)填空 ①We cut_back_on spending, which meant learning a whole new way of living. ②It is impolite of children to cut_in when their seniors are talking. ③The water supply has been cut_off temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes. ④Many big trees along the road have been cut_down for building houses, many of the branches of which have been cut_up for firewood. [寫美] ⑤(2013江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))應(yīng)立即采取行動(dòng)，例如停止砍伐樹(shù)木以改善環(huán)境。 Immediate_actions_should_be_taken,_like_stopping_cutting_down_trees_to_better_the_environment. 2．run out (of)用完，耗盡 [記牢] run into　　　　　　　 撞進(jìn)；遭遇；達(dá)到 run across 偶然遇到；穿過(guò) run after 追求；追趕，追逐 run away 逃離；突然離開(kāi) run for 競(jìng)選，趕快去請(qǐng) [練通] 選用上述短語(yǔ)填空 ①The taxi ran_into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off. ②We have already run_out_of money and I dont know what to do next. ③I ran_across an old friend of mine in the street, whom I havent seen for years. ④The sudden appearance of a policeman caused the thief to run_away. 完成句子 ⑤If you run_after two hares, youll catch neither. (諺)腳踏兩條船，必定落空。 [用準(zhǔn)]　run out of＝use up表主動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)一般是人；run out＝be used up表被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)通常是物。 [寫美] ⑥(2013天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))今天我很高興有機(jī)會(huì)競(jìng)選英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部的副主席。 Today_I_am_very_glad_to_have_the_chance_to_run_for_the_vice_president_of_the_English_Club. 3．pick out 找出，挑選；辨認(rèn)出，區(qū)分；領(lǐng)會(huì)，弄明白 [辨清]　寫出下列句中pick out的含義 ①She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.挑選 ②There were so many people at the conference that I couldnt pick him out.辨認(rèn)出 ③Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea.領(lǐng)會(huì) [記牢] pick up　拿起，撿起；收拾，整理；(偶然)學(xué)會(huì)；用車接；收聽(tīng)到；好轉(zhuǎn)；感染 pick ones pocket　　扒竊；掏包 [練通]　完成句子 ④He picked_up_some_French while he was away on a business trip in Paris. 他在巴黎出差的時(shí)候偶然學(xué)會(huì)了一些法語(yǔ)。 ⑤My friend began to pick_up after staying in hospital for several days. 在醫(yī)院待了幾天，我的朋友開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)。 ⑥On the way home, he_found_his_pocket_picked. 在回家的路上，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的錢包被扒竊了。 [寫美] ⑦(2013全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))我在想你是否能去機(jī)場(chǎng)接他。 I_am_wondering_whether_you_can_pick_him_up_at_the_airport. [句式集釋] 1．it作形式賓語(yǔ) [教材原句]　I liked_it_when you told that joke. [悟拓展例句] (1)We dislike/hate_it that you have to leave us. 我們不愿意讓你離開(kāi)我們。 (2)I dont like_it_when the weather gets really cold. 當(dāng)天氣變得太冷的時(shí)候我就不喜歡了。 (3)I prefer_it_that you dont talk with your mouth full. 我寧愿你不要嘴里塞滿食物時(shí)說(shuō)話。 [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 在表示喜愛(ài)、憎惡之類的動(dòng)詞后面常常不直接加賓語(yǔ)從句，而要先接形式賓語(yǔ)it，然后再接真正的賓語(yǔ)從句，這樣的動(dòng)詞有appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等。 注意事項(xiàng) 一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面也常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)然后接