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人教版高三英語一輪復習練習選修八 Unit 5（有答案）+高三作文：綻放生命真我的風采選修八 Unit 5[基礎回顧]Ⅰ.單句語法填空(導學號 02516357)1． It is assumed that stress is mainly caused by too much work.2．If you dont like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own.3．She has kept up physical training for several years without interruption (interrupt)．4．The more we are aware of the significance (significant) of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.5．If you study in a systematic (system) way, you wont leave anything out.6．The plants need the right amount of sunlight and rain to grow and ripen (ripe)．7．The mechanic who wishes to do his work well, must first sharpen (sharp) his tools.8．The escaped prisoner got arrested (arrest) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.9．Scientists have identified (identify) more than forty chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer in humans and animals.10．In contrast to our ignorance of saving food, many people especially those in povertystricken areas are suffering from starvation (starve)．Ⅱ.單句改錯(每句一錯)(導學號 02516358)1．I had no alternative but report him to the headteacher. report 前加 to 2．Assumed that the weather is favorable, farmers will have a good harvest. Assumed→Assuming/Assume 3．He could have finished it on schedule, but anyhow he fell behind. anyhow→somehow 4．Im very sorry to interrupt with you, but I have something very important to tell you. 去掉 with 5．The significance attaching to a national day is very different from country to country. attaching→attached Ⅲ.佳句寫作(導學號 02516359)1．他們急匆匆地到達公司，結果了解到他們被開除了。(only to 作結果狀語)答案：They hurried to the company，only to learn that they were fired.2．看看我們現在所處的困境。要是我們接受了他的建議就好了。(if only)答案：Look at the trouble we are in now.If only we had taken his advice.3．看，我的媽媽正在切碎包餃子的肉。(cut up)答案：Look，my mother is cutting up the meat for making dumplings.4．假設他在七點回來的話，我們就開會。(assume)答案：Assume/Assuming that he comes back at seven，we will have a meeting.5．盡管下大雨，醫(yī)護人員還是迅速地趕到事故現場。(in spite of)答案：In spite of the heavy rain，the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident.[技能提升]Ⅰ.閱讀理解(導學號 02516360)The ancient Mayan civilization collapsed due to a centurylong drought, new research suggests.Minerals taken from Belizes famous underwater cave，known as the Blue Hole，as well as lagoons (環(huán)礁湖) nearby, show that an extreme drought occurred between A. D. 800 and A. D. 1,000, right when the Mayan civilization ended. After the rains returned, the Mayans moved north－but they disappeared again a few centuries later, and that disappearance occurred at the same time as another dry period, the sediments (沉積物)reveal.Although the findings arent the first to tie a drought to the end of the Mayan culture, the new results strengthen the case that dry periods were indeed the cause. Thats because the data come from several spots in a region central to the Mayan heartland, said study coauthor Andre Droxler, an Earth scientist at Rice University.From A. D. 300 to A.D．700, the Mayan civilization flourished in the Yucatan peninsula. These ancient Mesoamericans built great pyramids, mastered astronomy, and developed both a writing system and a calendar system, which is famous for predicting that the world would end in 2012.But in the centuries after A. D. 700, the civilizations building activities slowed and the culture fell into war and unrest.The evidence for a drought has been growing in recent years. A 2012 study in the journal Science analyzed a 2,000yearold stalagmite(石筍) from a cave in southern Belize and found that sharp decreases in rainfall coincided with periods of decline in the culture. But the data came from just one cave, which meant it was difficult to make predictions for the area as a whole，Droxler said.To look for signs of drought, the team drilled the sediments in the Blue Hole of Lighthouse Lagoon, as well as one in the Rhomboid reef. The lagoons were surrounded on all sides by thick walls of coral reef. During storms or wetter periods, excess water runs off from rivers and streams，overtops the retaining walls, and is deposited in a thin layer at the top of the lagoon. From there, all the sediments from these streams settle to the bottom of the lagoon, piling on top of each other and leaving a record of the historical climate.The team found that during the period between A. D. 800 and A. D. 1,000, when the Mayan civilization collapsed, there were just one or two tropical cyclones (氣旋) every two decades, as opposed to the usual five or six. After that, the Maya moved north, building at sites such as Chichen Itza, in what is now Mexico.[語篇解讀] 瑪雅文化如何消失是一個神秘話題。新研究發(fā)現：古瑪雅文化的消失可能與長達一個世紀的干旱有關。1．What happened after an extreme drought between A．D. 800 and A. D. 1,000?A．The Mayans were suffering a heavy flood.B．The Mayans suddenly disappeared from the earth.C．The Mayans were often attacked by tropical cyclones.D．The Mayans moved to places in what is now called Mexico.解析：D [細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“After the rains returned, the Mayans moved north”和最后一段“After that, the Maya moved north，building at sites such as Chichen Itza, in what is now Mexico”可知 D 為正確選項。]2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?A．The achievements of the Mayan civilization.B．The prediction the Mayan civilization made.C．The effects the Mayan civilization had on humans.D．The background where the Mayan civilization began.解析：A [段落大意題。根據第四段第一句“From A．D. 300 to A. D. 700, the Mayan civilization flourished in the Yucatan peninsula”以及后面舉的例子可知本段主要介紹瑪雅文明的繁榮。]3．Why did the team drill the sediments in the Blue Hole of Lighthouse Lagoon?A．To learn how the Blue Hole came into being.B．To know what lies on the bottom of the lagoon.C．To study the record of the historical climate.D．To see how excess water runs off from rivers and streams.解析：C [細節(jié)理解題。根據第七段第一句“To look for signs of drought”和最后一句“l(fā)eaving a record of the historical climate”可知 C 為正確選項。]4．What did Andre Droxler think of the analysis of the 2,000yearold stalagmite?A．Amazing. B．Ridiculous.C．Reasonable. D．Unreliable.解析：D [推理判斷題。根據第六段最后一句“But the data came from just one cave, which meant it was difficult to make predictions for the area as a whole, Droxler said”可知來自一個洞穴的數據，很難對整個地區(qū)做出正確的預測。]Ⅱ.完形填空(導學號 02516361)(2018x 北中學一模)While I was waiting in line at a coffee shop earlier, a woman drove alongside the queue in a mobility scooter (踏板車). There was only a __1__ space between the line of people and the tables, which she __2__ to drive along. She drove over my foot and didnt __3__ saying nothing at all. I got annoyed and expected she would have __4__ ，but then I just decided to __5__ it and got down to selecting which pastry (點心) to go with my coffee. The lady and I ended up sitting at adjacent (鄰近的) tables. She was on the end of a row so that she could park her __6__ . After about half an hour，when she had __7__ her coffee, she got up and back onto her scooter. It __8__ start. She tried to turn the key several times __9__ she telephoned the place she purchased (購買) it from.An engineer __10__ within 5 minutes. The place must have been local. I couldnt __11__ overhearing (偷聽) their conversation, and it turned out she had just __12__ the scooter that morning. This was her very first outing in it. She felt really __13__ about driving it. __14__ ，she wasnt used to its speed, nor its __15__ ， and this combination made it quite __16__ to drive it through narrow gaps.Suddenly，I felt __17__ for the lady. It really didnt __18__ me at all that shed driven over my foot. I had made an assumption, __19__ ， that a person doing that should apologize.Next time youre about to __20__ someone，pause for a second and remind yourself that people have judged you without knowing what was going on in your mind or your life.[語篇解讀] 本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，主要講述了作者在被一個第一次騎踏板車的女性軋到腳，又目睹了對方騎車時的不安以及無法啟動車子的遭遇后，開始變得同情對方并最終原諒對方的故事。1．A.private B．vastC．public D．narrow解析：D [考查形容詞辨析。由第二段最后一句中的“to drive it through narrow gaps”可知，人群與桌子之間的空間狹小。D 項意為“狹窄的”，符合語境。A 項意為“私有的，私人的”；B 項意為“巨大的”；C 項意為“公共的”，均與語境不符。]2．A.attempted B．promisedC．declined D．guaranteed解析：A [考查動詞辨析。根據上文可知，人群與桌子之間的空間很狹??；又根據下文中的“drive along”以及“She drove over my foot”可知，她試圖從中穿過。A 項意為“試圖”，attempt to do sth.意為“試圖做某事”，符合語境。B 項意為“承諾”；C 項意為“拒絕”；D 項意為“保證”，均與語境不符。]3．A.call back B．give upC．look back D．cheer up解析：C [考查動詞短語辨析。根據語境可知，她從作者的腳上面開了過去，沒有回頭看一下，并且什么都沒有說。A 項意為“回電話”；B 項意為“放棄”；C 項意為“回頭看一下，回顧”；D 項意為“使振作起來”。]4．A.ignored B．apologizedC．explained D．forgiven解析：B [考查動詞辨析。根據第三段最后一句中的“that a person doing that should apologize”可知，作者當時很生氣，希望她能道歉。A 項意為“忽視，不理會”；B 項意為“道歉”；C 項意為“解釋”；D 項意為“原諒”。]5．A.dismiss B．makeC．replace D．inspect解析：A [考查動詞辨析。根據該句“I got annoyed and.and got down to selecting which pastry(點心)to go with my coffee.”并結合語境可知，前后表示轉折，作者起初很生氣，希望這位婦女能道歉，可一會兒之后，便不再理會這件事，開始認真挑選自己的點心了。A 項意為“不予理會，不予考慮”；B 項意為“制作”；C 項意為“代替”；D 項意為“視察，檢查”。]6．A.truck B．bikeC．car D．scooter解析：D [考查名詞辨析。根據文章第一句“.a woman drove alongside the queue in a mobility scooter(踏板車)．”可知，她坐在最后一排的目的是可以停放她的踏板車，此處與開頭的“scooter”照應。]7．A.poured B．finishedC．ordered D．purchased解析：B [考查動詞辨析。根據下文中的“she got up and back onto her scooter”并結合語境可知，此處應指她喝完了咖啡然后起身去騎踏板車。A 項意為“傾，倒”；B 項意為“完成”；C 項意為“命令，訂購，點(酒菜等)”；D 項意為“購買”。]8．A.neednt B．shouldntC．wouldnt D．mustnt解析：C [考查情態(tài)動詞辨析。根據下文中的“she telephoned the place she purchased(購買)it from”以及第二段第一句“An engineer __10__ within 5 minutes.”可知，踏板車壞了，啟動不了。由此可知，C 項“wouldnt”符合語境。A 項意為“不必”；B 項意為“不應該”；D 項意為“禁止”，均與語境不符。]9．A.so B．untilC．unless D．before解析：D [考查連詞辨析。根據語境可知，她在給賣踏板車的地方打電話之前，又嘗試轉動了幾下鑰匙。A 項意為“因此”；B 項意為“直到”；C 項意為“除非”；D 項意為“在……之前”。]10．A.broke in B．turned upC．ran away D．settled down解析：B [考查動詞短語辨析。根據上文中的“she telephoned the place she purchased(購買)it from”可知，在給賣踏板車的地方打電話之后，工程師在五分鐘之內就到了。A 項意為“闖入，打斷”；B 項意為“出現，露面，到達”；C項意為“逃跑”；D 項意為“定居，安定下來”。]11．A.tolerate B．allowC．resist D．postpone解析：C [考查動詞辨析。根據下文中的“overhearing(偷聽)their conversation”并結合語境可知，作者忍不住偷聽了他們的談話。A 項意為“容忍”；B 項意為“允許”；C 項意為“抵制”；D 項意為“推遲”。cant/couldnt resist doing sth.意為“忍不住做某事”，符合語境。]12．A.collected B. stolenC．fixed D．abandoned解析：A [考查動詞辨析。根據下文中的“This was her very first outing in it”可知，她那天上午剛從店里取了車，這是她第一次把它騎出來。A 項意為“收集，領走”；B 項意為“偷”；C 項意為“固定，修理”；D 項意為“放棄，遺棄”。]13．A.concerned B．excitedC．confident D．nervous解析：D [考查形容詞辨析。根據下文中的“she wasnt used to its speed”并結合常識可知，這是她第一次騎踏板車，所以她應該是很緊張。A 項意為“擔心的，憂慮的”；B 項意為“興奮的”；C 項意為“有信心的”；D 項意為“緊張的”。]14．A.Doubtfully B．CertainlyC．Fortunately D．Surprisingly解析：B [考查副詞辨析。根據上文中的“This was her very first outing in it”可知，這是她第一次騎踏板車出門，當然會不習慣它的車速。A 項意為“懷疑地”；B 項意為“當然，肯定”；C 項意為“幸運地”；D 項意為“吃驚地”。]15．A.width B．lengthC．weight D．height解析：A [考查名詞辨析。根據上文中的“she wasnt used to its speed”和下文中的“to drive it through narrow gaps”可知，她既不習慣車速，也不習慣它的寬度。width 意為“寬度”，與下文中的“narrow gaps”照應，符合語境。]16．A.cool B．convenientC．stressful D．desperate解析：C [考查形容詞辨析。根據語境可知，她那天早上是第一次騎踏板車出門，她既不習慣它的車速，也不習慣它的寬度，這讓她在狹小的空間里駕馭踏板車很有壓力。A 項意為“涼爽的，冷靜的，酷的”；B 項意為“方便的”；C 項意為“有壓力的”；D 項意為“令人絕望的，極度渴望的”。]17．A.pleasure B．regretC．appreciation D．sympathy解析：D [考查名詞辨析。根據語境并結合上文描述這位女士騎車時的艱難可知，當了解到實情后，作者突然對這個婦女的遭遇感到同情。A 項意為“快樂”；B 項意為“后悔”；C 項意為“感激，欣賞”；D 項意為“同情”。]18．A.strike B．botherC．satisfy D．motivate解析：B [考查動詞辨析。作者在知道了這位婦女的情況之后，很同情她，也不再惱火她軋到了自己的腳。A 項意為“給人印象，讓人覺得”；B 項意為“煩擾，使惱怒”；C 項意為“使?jié)M足，使?jié)M意”；D 項意為“激勵，激發(fā)”。]19．A.otherwise B．thereforeC．however D．besides解析：C [考查副詞辨析。分析句子邏輯關系及語境可知，“It really didnt __18__ me at all”與“a person doing that should apologize”前后兩部分構成轉折關系，且中間用逗號隔開，故此處應用轉折詞 however 連接；此處表示作者雖不再惱火她軋到了自己的腳，然而，作者之前卻認為一個人應當為此道歉。]20．A.judge B．hugC．persuade D．tease解析：A [考查動詞辨析。根據下文中的“people have judged you without knowing what was going on in your mind or your life”可知，下一次當你打算對人作出評判時，應該停下來想一想。A 項意為“判斷，評判”；B 項意為“擁抱”；C 項意為“說服”；D 項意為“取笑，戲弄”。]Ⅲ.短文改錯(導學號 02516362)Dear Jane，Hows everything going? Im glad to have met you and become friend with you. I miss you very well and thus Im writing to tell you anything about my new life at college.My new school is so beautiful as a huge garden. There are green grass and colorful flowers everywhere. My teachers are all kind and I believe, with time go by, Ill make a great progress. My classmates are very friendly and I made many new friends here.I feel that my new life is very excited, but I also realize that it is full of challenges. Ive decided to work hard so that Ill have a brightly future. Of course, Ill also do more exercise to keep fit.Im looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely，Tom答案：高三作文：綻放生命真我的風采做人，綻放出生命真我的風采，方成就有意義的人生。何為真我的風采？渾渾噩噩，不知生死，就像池塘里的魚，就像阿 Q，以及魯迅筆下其他麻木愚昧庸俗的民眾，自然談不上風采，更不值一提。而如養(yǎng)在魚缸里魚，貌似華貴，衣食不虞，卻要為別人的眼光高興或失落，自然也不是。它們沒有自己的靈魂，把別人的眼光當成自己的囚籠，上至嬪妃媵嬙，下至倡伶戲子，再到今天所謂的明星，莫不如是。女為悅己者容，所以傾國傾城李夫人臨死以紗覆面，不愿見漢武帝，因為她知道以色侍人者，色衰愛弛，愛弛而恩絕，悲哀！倡伶戲子為看客而容，所以粉墨登場，一笑一顰，盡態(tài)極妍，賣笑于人，獻媚于眾，悲哀！至于今天所謂的明星，已經失去了真正對藝術的敬畏，失去了對藝術應該承載的責任的擔當，又怎一個“媚”字了得 ——與古之倡優(yōu)戲子相較，他們媚俗媚眾之工，有過之無不及自不必說；而一旦失去觀眾，便制造噱頭，大事炒作，手段之繁之新無所不用其極，看看娛樂圈之狗仔八卦，緋聞亂象，無不是為了博取觀眾眼球，讓觀眾投來關注的目光。因為在他們的信條里面有關注就有人氣，有人氣就有自己生氣。這樣的人生遑論風采，直應鄙夷唾棄。那么何為真我的風采？自然當像那海里的魚，在自由廣闊的天地中，為生命的理想與尊嚴演繹無止境的拼搏，生死無憾；像文王拘而演《周易》，仲尼厄而作《春秋》，孟軻周游失敗而著《孟子》；像曼德拉“風雨中抱緊自由“，為了心目中人人平等的彩虹國度，”一生奉獻膚色斗爭中”；像胡適“寧鳴而死，不默而生”，為了心目中民主自由的國度，他敢于直言“總統，你錯了”；像錢穆一生為故國招魂，晚年從容搬出素書樓，他說“秉素志而已”。是的，何為真我的風采？有獨立的精神，不庸俗，不媚俗，不把自己囚禁在別人的眼光里；有高貴理想，遠大的追求，自強不息，永不言棄，又不憂不懼，從容坦蕩，成敗榮辱無撼其志，生死不動其心；拼搏奮斗，不為博眾人一笑，不為營一己之私，巍巍然立于天地之間，司馬遷曰：“唯倜儻非常之人稱焉！” 綻放出生命真我的風采，做倜儻非常之人，讓我們努力為之,唯此，方不負此生！