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Unit 4 Getting from A to B Listening to the world Sharing Scripts F = Finn; M1 = Man 1, etc.; W1 = Woman 1, etc. Part 1 F: I usually get to work by bus. It takes about half an hour. Sometimes I read a book on the way. How about you? How do you get to work? M1: I travel by bus. Um, it’s only one bus to work. It takes about 15 minutes. M2: I get to work by car. W1: Bus. W2: I walk to work. M3: I get to work on the tube and I walk some of the way. W3: About five minutes walk to the station, Waterloo Station, and then I get on a bus which takes about 20 … 25 minutes. M4: On most days I use the tube – my journey into work and my journey home at the end of the day. M5: I cycle to work. That’s the quickest and easiest way. W4: I cycle in to work every day on my bike. Part 2 F: What do you do on your journey to work? M3: I usually listen to music or read. M1: Sometimes I listen to music and sometimes I read a book. M4: I either read the newspaper or I read books. W4: Take in the fresh air, the scenery, um … and try to avoid holes in the road which are quite dangerous. W3: I listen to my iPod. M5: Well, sometimes, if … if it’s a bit of a quiet road, I can think about what I’m going to do that day. W1: I … I dream, usually. I just … I, I love … I love journeys. I love just looking out of the window. M2: Well, it’s so short; I don’t actually do very much at all, apart from making sure I don’t have an accident. Part 3 F: What do you like about it? M4: It’s fairly short, so my journey to work is only 30 minutes. W3: It’s quick. M2: It’s short. It only takes me seven or eight minutes. W1: Seeing how the landscape changes through the seasons. M3: I like listening to music and having some time to think before work. M1: It’s quite early in the morning, which means that the bus is always quite quiet, so um, I don’t have to fight for a seat. M5: I like to have some fresh air and the exercise. W4: I just like the exercise that I get from it and being outside in the open. W2: It’s not too far. I can walk or run. It’s about a quarter of an hour’s walk, so I feel very healthy. I don’t have to catch a bus. Part 4 F: What don’t you like about your journey to work? M3: Um, I don’t like it when it’s very busy in the mornings and I don’t like it when it’s hot and sweaty on the tube. W1: It’s a very full bus. It’s packed with people because it’s the “work bus”. M5: There are some very bad drivers on the road. W3: Sometimes the buses get overcrowded and a lot of people are going to the same place. W4: I really don’t like cycling to work when it’s raining because I get wet, (and) all my books get wet. M1: In the winter it’s very cold that early in the morning and um, sometimes if I miss the first bus I have to wait about 20 minutes for the next one to come along. W2: In winter it’s very windy coming over the bridge and it makes my eyes water. M2: It’s so short; there’s nothing to like or dislike about it. Listening Scripts G = Guide; V1 = Visitor 1; V2 = Visitor 2; V3 = Visitor 3 G: So, ladies and gentlemen. Let’s move into the transport section now. Could you all come over this way? Let’s look at these photos. As you can see, these early methods of transport have two things in common … They’re all great ideas, great ways to travel through the air rather than on the ground … but they weren’t successful! There was a big problem with each one. V1: But the monorail – that was successful. G: Well, yes and no. Look at this photo on the left. It’s from the World Fair in Seattle. That was in 1962. Monorails were a very popular idea in America at that time. People wanted to leave their cars at home and go to work by public transport. But they weren’t successful – monorails are difficult to build and expensive to keep in good condition. So you’re right. There are some monorails in the world … but not very many! V2: Hey. Look at this photo. Is that a car under a plane? G: Oh, yes. This was a very interesting idea. People wanted to fly from Los Angeles to New York … and then drive straight into the city center from the airport. V2: No way! How? G: Well, the idea was that the car came off the bottom of the plane and then you got in and drove away. This was in the 1940s. Ah, yes. Look. Here’s the date: 1948. It was a nice idea – no airports or waiting around – but it wasn’t successful. V2: Why not? G: There was an engineering problem. The car was too heavy and small planes weren’t strong enough to carry them (it). V3: What’s this? A helicopter in the garage? G: Yes, indeed. We laugh at this now, but people were very serious about it at the time. People wanted to leave home in the morning, say goodbye to the family and go to work by private helicopter. The idea was very popular, but, of course, it was impossible. Helicopters are very difficult to fly and can you imagine the traffic problems in the sky? … So noisy! V2: Yes. Very noisy. There’s far too much traffic these days in my opinion. G: I agree. People should go to work by bike or on foot – by far the best way to travel. As you see, all these … Viewing Scripts P = Presenter; W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc. Part 1 P: Heathrow Airport is having a bad day. Hundreds of passengers can’t fly because of a computer problem in air traffic control. In Terminal 1, things are getting worse. More and more passengers are arriving. Some airplanes are leaving, but many flights are canceled. Everyone is hoping to find a flight. Some of the waiting passengers are having a snack while others are spending their time outside. It’s a hot summer day. Back inside the terminal, it’s getting hotter and hotter. Some people came here five hours ago. W1: I’m here with my grandmother and my parents and it’s terrible for us to wait here for such a long time now. We have to sleep at the airport because no hotel is available. So, it’s just terrible. M1: Have a look at this. Improvisation at its best. I’m glad they’re sleeping now. I was hoping to get to Berlin soon. P: People are still trying to find a flight. W2: I’ve had my son go on the Internet, my daughter be in one queue, me be in the other queue and on the mobile, all at the same time, trying to get to Amsterdam for 9:30 tomorrow morning. M2: After five hours queuing, you … you really become really Zen, you know ... and here it’s pretty calm. P = Presenter Part 2 P: The airport managers find an interesting solution to one of the problems: garden chairs. With the chairs to relax in, some passengers are finding new ways to pass the time. Inside Terminal 1, it’s late at night, after midnight. And many passengers are still here, waiting for their flight. Around 300 flights left Heathrow that day, but 319 flights were canceled, and over 500 people spent the night in the terminal. Speaking for communication Role-play Scripts B = Boss; S = Secretary; D = David; G = George B: Where are the other people? We were supposed to start 15 minutes ago! S: Alex called and said he’d be here in a second. He said he got tied up with a customer. B: That’s all right. I know what Alex’s customer is like. D: Morning, everyone! Please forgive me. I didn’t mean to come so late. I was just getting a cup of coffee at the coffee shop and the line was way too long. I had to wait for 20 minutes to get my coffee! B: David, this is not acceptable. If I say the meeting starts at 10, the meeting starts at 10. Not ten-o-one! And definitely not ten-twenty! D: Yes, sir. It won’t happen again, I promise. B: I hope so, David. All right. Let’s get started. So the first thing I want to talk about is our ... G: I’m really sorry, everyone! I know I’m late. But really, it’s not my fault. B: OK, what’s the story this time, George? G: The railway service was delayed this morning. You know what happened? They say a train hit a cow that got onto the line between two stations … B: A cow? George, do you expect me to believe that? Group discussion Scripts A = Attendant; P = Passenger A: Your meal, sir. P: Thank you. Um, excuse me. A: Yes, can I help you? P: Hope so! I’m sorry, but there’s a small problem here. I ordered a vegetarian meal – but this is meat. A: Oh, just a moment. I checked and we don’t have a record of your order. P: What?! But I always order vegetarian. I’m a frequent flyer. A: I understand, sir, but we don’t have any more vegetarian meals. P: I don’t believe it! You always have extra meals in business class. A: Yes, but this is economy class. P: You don’t understand. Let me explain one more time. I don’t eat meat. I ordered vegetarian. I can’t fly to Tokyo without dinner. It’s your job to bring me a meal. A business class vegetarian meal is fine. A: Just a moment. Here you are, sir. A vegetarian meal. P: Thank you, but this is already open. And it’s cold. Um, can I speak to the person in charge, please? Further practice in listening Short conversations Scripts Conversation 1 M: Would you like to share a taxi with me to the airport? We can save money that way. W: Actually, I’m not flying. I’m going to the conference by train. I was thinking of driving, but it will be too tiring. Q: How is the woman going to travel? Conversation 2 W: I have to catch the 10:45 train. I think I’d better get to the station by half past 10. M: Oh, it’s just a small station. It’ll be fine if you arrive there five minutes before the train departs. Q: According to the man, at what time could the woman arrive at the station? Conversation 3 M: Did you say I should take the No. 46 bus to your house? Because I remember going there once on the No. 28. W: The No. 28 bus has been canceled. It used to run straight to my house and it was faster than the No. 46. It’s too bad. Q: What does the woman say about the bus services? Conversation 4 W: Many people would rather take the bus or the subway than drive by themselves. Parking is getting to be a real headache. M: That doesn’t surprise me, for more and more people are buying their own cars. Q: What does the man mean? Conversation 5 M: Excuse me, could you please tell me when the next train to London is? W: Sure. The next train to London is two hours from now, but if you do not mind connecting at Manchester, there is one indirect train leaving in 10 minutes. Q: What information about train services does the woman provide? Long conversation Scripts M: Did you hear? The new high-speed train around the capital is almost finished. It will travel at 180 miles per hour! W: I know! I saw it on Channel 6 this morning on TV. I can’t wait! It will change my work travel time from 2 hours each way to just 45 minutes each way. M: Wow! Rachel! That’s way too long to spend traveling to work. W: Well, John, I leave home in the morning at 6 and arrive at work at 8. Leave work at 5 and arrive back home at 7. During my 2-hour travel time on the subway, I do catch up on emails and try to read and rest a little. M: So, the new high-speed train will be a big help for you then, Rachel! W: Yes! Now my travel time to work is so long that any extra time – like for shopping – can be really tough. The new high-speed train will connect our office in the old part of the city with all the new shopping areas. So, I will be able to do my shopping on the way home from work! M: Oh, that’s great. And the new high-speed train will make a circle around the entire city. It will connect my neighborhood with the airport. I will be able to ride it from my neighborhood to the airport in 20 minutes and save money on parking my car! Q1: How long will the woman spend on her way to and from work by high-speed train? Q2: When does the woman arrive back home by subway? Q3: According to the woman, in what way will the new high-speed train be a big help to her? Q4: How will the new high-speed train affect the man? Passage 1 Scripts Studies show Americans spend more time than ever commuting. The average one-way commute has grown by 13 percent to 25 minutes. For a growing number of people, getting to work takes more than an hour. In 2000, only in New York State did more than 10 percent of workers spend more than an hour getting to work. Now that situation can be found in several other states as well. Two point eight million people have so-called extreme commutes because they spend more than 90 minutes on their way to work. Steven, an electrical engineer, has an extreme commute between home and work. He leaves home before dawn and returns after dark, but as tiring or boring as Steven’s trip may sound, he says it’s the way to keep the home and job he loves. “I have the balance right now,” Steven said. “I could do similar jobs closer, but not with the work rewards and job satisfaction I have now. And I could live closer, but I wouldn’t have the lifestyle that I desire.” Longer commutes frequently involve people who live at one end of the city and work at another. Such a pattern probably begins with companies moving away from the city center, attracting workers to move to less expensive areas farther away from the city center. People see this as an opportunity because such a move may provide more affordable housing or better schools. Steven spends about $185 a week on gas. Even high fuel costs can pay off in a better quality of life. Added to long commutes are increased traffic jams, however. Commuters typically spend 47 hours a year in traffic jams, up from 40 hours a decade earlier. Q1: How much time on average do Americans spend on their way to work? Q2: What is the present situation about Americans’ commuting to work? Q3: Why does Steven choose to have an extreme commute? Q4: Which of the following is the disadvantage of long commutes? Passage 2 Scripts and answers Humans’ first means of transportation were walking and swimming. 1) Gradually, humans learned to use animals for transportation. The use of animals not only allowed heavier loads to be hauled by them, but also 2) enabled humans to ride the animals so they could travel longer distances in a shorter amount of time. The invention of the wheel helped make animal transportation more efficient through the introduction of 3) vehicles. Also, water transportation 4) dates back to very early times and it was the best way to move large quantities of materials over long distances before the Industrial Revolution. 5) As a result, most cities that grew up as sites for trading have been established along rivers or the coast. Until the Industrial Revolution, transportation was very slow and expensive. After the Revolution, transportation changed 6) thoroughly. In the 19th century, the invention of the steam engine made land transportation independent of human or animal power. Both speed and 7) capacity increased rapidly. With the development of cars at the 8) turn of the 20th century, land transportation became more common. In 1903, the first controllable airplane was invented, and after World War I, it became a fast way to transport people and goods. After World War II, 9) automobiles and airplanes became more popular as methods of transportation. Then, after high-speed rail was first introduced in Japan in 1964, passengers started using it in Asia and Europe instead of using airplanes to travel long distances. Now, 10) thanks to the development of technology, human beings are able to enjoy various methods of transportation for their speed and comfort.