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及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別從是否需要賓語(yǔ)來(lái)分，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩類。 1)及物動(dòng)詞 后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)意義才完整的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做及物動(dòng)詞(transitive verb)。如： I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委員會(huì)將會(huì)考慮我們的建議。 “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里問(wèn)：“這本書我可以借多久?” 2)不及物動(dòng)詞 本身意義完整后面不須跟賓語(yǔ)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做不及物動(dòng)詞(intransitive verb)。如： Birds fly.鳥會(huì)飛。 It happened in June 1932.這件事發(fā)生于一九三二年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的會(huì)上發(fā)了言。 3)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞 英語(yǔ)里有不少實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可以兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。這樣的動(dòng)詞又有兩種不同的情況： a)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意義不變。試比較： Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻開始嗎?(begin作不及物動(dòng)詞) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她畢業(yè)后當(dāng)圖書館管理員。(began作及物動(dòng)詞) When did they leave Chicago?他們是什么時(shí)候離開芝加哥的？(leave 作及物動(dòng)詞) They left last week. 他們是上周離開的。(left 作不及物動(dòng)詞) b)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有時(shí)意義不盡相同。如： Wash your hands before meals.飯前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 這布經(jīng)得起洗嗎? 4) 與漢語(yǔ)的比較 有時(shí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物的用法，與漢語(yǔ)的用法不一樣，請(qǐng)注意下列兩種情況： a)有的動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)里只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞，而漢語(yǔ)則可用作及物動(dòng)詞，如arrive到達(dá)，agree同意，1isten聽。英語(yǔ)里這些動(dòng)詞后面常接介詞。如： We arrived at the railway station at noon.我們于中午到達(dá)火車站。(at不能省去)(比較：We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每個(gè)人都很有興趣地聽講課。(to不可省去)(比較：We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他們同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃嗎?(to不可省去) b)有的動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)里能用作及物動(dòng)詞，而在漢語(yǔ)里則不能用作及物動(dòng)詞，如serve為…服務(wù)。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我們的兒童被教以全心全意為人民服務(wù) 及物動(dòng)詞后可以加賓語(yǔ)，不及物動(dòng)詞后不可以加賓語(yǔ)！ 如果你想要分得仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)就看下面的講解和例句??！ (一、) 分清及物不及物: 分清動(dòng)詞的及物不及物是在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中必須解決的首要問(wèn)題。動(dòng)詞及物與不及物通常有以下幾種情況： a．主要用作及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)?？梢杂糜冢?主＋謂＋賓"；"主＋謂＋雙賓"；"主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)。如： He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there. They asked me to go fishing with them. 類似的還有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.... b．主要用作不及物的動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面不跟賓語(yǔ)。只能用與："主＋謂"結(jié)構(gòu)。 This is the room where I once lived. 類似的還有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.... c．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義不變。如begin 都是作"開始"講。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 類似的還有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.... d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義完全不同。 這類動(dòng)詞作不及物動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)意義；而作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)卻是另一個(gè)意義。如lift作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是指煙霧的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是"升高；舉起"。 He lifted his glass and drank. 類似的還有：beat vi.跳動(dòng) vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生長(zhǎng) vt. 種植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.發(fā)出（氣味） vt. 嗅 ring vi.（電話、鈴）響vt.打電話 speak vi.講話 vt. 說(shuō)（語(yǔ)言） hang vi. 懸掛 vt. 絞死 operate vi.動(dòng)手術(shù) vt. 操作 及物動(dòng)詞不需要介詞 在英語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤中，"及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞＋賓語(yǔ)"（transitive verb+preposition+object），是常見的一種。所謂及物動(dòng)詞，就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（predicative verb），不必通過(guò)介詞引薦賓語(yǔ)。相反的，不及物動(dòng)詞（intransitive verb）是不帶賓語(yǔ)的。有許多動(dòng)詞，雖然性質(zhì)是及物的，但不一定要有賓語(yǔ)，如下列的①a和②a便是這種情形： ①a. We study every day. b. Do you study English every day. ②a. Please write clearly next time. b. Can you write your composition now? 如果本質(zhì)上就是不及物動(dòng)詞，就不會(huì)有賓語(yǔ)；若要賓語(yǔ)，就要借介詞之助，一起連用才行，如③b和④b;③a和④a是錯(cuò)的； *③a. The children are listening the music. b. The children are listening to the music. *④a. She is laughing the crippled man. b. She is laughing at the crippled man. 反之，及物動(dòng)詞不必靠介詞，就可以帶賓語(yǔ)，如上述的①b和②b ，又如⑤和 ⑥： ⑤ John is giving a book to me. ⑥ Who will answer this question? 如果無(wú)意中把介詞加上，就錯(cuò)了，如： *⑦ Who will answer to this question? 下列這句從房地產(chǎn)廣告中看到的句子，也犯了同樣的錯(cuò)： "We have many buyers awaiting for available units here." "Awaiting"是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞"for"是多余的，要去掉；不然把"awaiting"改為"waiting for"也行。 許多人習(xí)慣上喜歡把介詞加到及物動(dòng)詞后面，然后才帶出賓語(yǔ)。最常見的是"emphasize/stress on/upon"和"discuss about"，如： ⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains. ⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results. ⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems. 顯然的，這三句里的介詞"on/upon"和"about"是多余的，不必要的。 下面是些類似的錯(cuò)誤： ● The young must obey to their elders. ● Do not approach to that odd-looking man. ● The audience attacked on the rude speaker. ● Nothing can escape from his parents eyes. ● Do you hope to serve for your nation? ● When did Susan marry with Paul? 介詞"to, on, from, for, with"都要去掉才對(duì)。 為什么會(huì)有這些錯(cuò)誤呢？主因是分不清楚及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)。其次，就是對(duì)同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞及其名詞的句型有些混淆。解決之道有二。第一，要把"及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)"和"不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞＋賓語(yǔ)"劃分清楚，如： I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him. He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday. 第二，把及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，然后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和賓語(yǔ)，如： Dont approach such a person. Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?