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動(dòng)詞及其時(shí)態(tài) 中考語法 動(dòng)詞及其時(shí)態(tài)概述 動(dòng)詞即表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞 如 come think call sit study have be feel等 動(dòng)詞具有人稱 數(shù)量 時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài)的變化 時(shí)態(tài)是謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式 在英語中 不同時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的情況要用不同的動(dòng)作形式來表現(xiàn) 初中階段學(xué)習(xí)了八種 但中考只考查其中六種 即 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 考點(diǎn)分布 1 動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn) 1 動(dòng)詞的基本形式 2 系動(dòng)詞 3 及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞 4 助動(dòng)詞 5 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞2 時(shí)態(tài)的考點(diǎn) 1 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 2 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 3 一般過去時(shí) 4 一般將來時(shí) 5 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 6 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞的基本形式 動(dòng)詞的基本形式有 原形 第三人稱單數(shù) 現(xiàn)在分詞 過去分詞和過去式 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)二助動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞沒有任何含義 不能單獨(dú)做謂語 只能和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語 幫助行為動(dòng)詞組成各種時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài) 語氣以及疑問或否定形式 常見的助動(dòng)詞有be do does did have will shall等 具體用法如下 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 1 I anoldfriendofminewhenI inthestreetyesterdayafternoon A met waswalkingB wasmeeting walkedC wasmeeting waswalkingD met walked 2 Didthefarmershaveagoodharvestlastyear A Yes theyhad B No theyhadn tC Yes theydidD No theydid 3 youliketowritedownhistelephonenumberforme A AreB DoC ShallD Would A C D 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 4 Whyareyouinsuchahurry Mike There anNBAbasketballgameintenminutes A willhaveB willbeC isgoingtohaveD aregoingtobe 5 Monica you theexam Congratulation A passB havepassedC willpassD arepassing B B 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)三情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定含義 但不能單獨(dú)作謂語 要和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語 它們也能表明句子的否定 疑問或時(shí)態(tài)上的區(qū)別 常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有 can may must need should等 具體用法見下表 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 6 MustIgetupat6o clock No you Youcangetupat7o clock A mustn tB needn tC can tD shouldn t 7 Acrossfrommyhome ashopwhichsellsthingsfromforeigncountries A itisB ithasC thereisD thatis 8 Iknowbywhattimeyouwanttheprojecttobedone Bythedayaftertomorrow youfinishitontime A May CanB Must NeedC Could MustD Need Would B C A 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 9 Excuseme mayIkeepthebookalittlelonger Sorry You returnittoday A mustB mustn tC canD can t 10 Iforgottobringmydictionary CouldIuseyours Yes you A canB mustC couldD should 11 Themanisfeelingmuchbetternow soyou calladoctor A needn tB can tC mustn tD shouldn t A A A 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 12 MayItakethismagazineoutofthereadingroom No you Youreaditinhere A mightn tB won tC needn tD mustn t 13 Let sgoclimbing shallwe You bejoking Don tyouknowI mafraidofhighplaces A mayB canC mustD should 14 Couldyoupleasehaveawalkwithme Sorry I Ihavesomethingimportanttodonow A mustn tB needn tC can tD maynot D C C 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)四連系動(dòng)詞 連系動(dòng)詞有一定意義 它們要與其后作表語的形容詞 名詞或介詞 短語 一起構(gòu)成合成謂語 常見系動(dòng)詞有 be seem keep remain look feel smell sound taste become get grow turn等 如 Shebecomesmorebeautifulthanthreeyearsago 她比三年前更漂亮了 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)五行為動(dòng)詞 行為動(dòng)詞又稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 它們都含有實(shí)在的意義 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 可在句中獨(dú)立作謂語 行為動(dòng)詞又分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞 1 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞后一定要跟賓語 意思才能完整 如 Mymothertoldmeshewantedtobuysomebooksforme 2 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞意義完整 不需帶賓語 但如果有些不及物動(dòng)詞非要帶賓語時(shí) 必須先加介詞后加賓語 如 Heonlyworriedabouthisdaughter 考點(diǎn)梳理 3 動(dòng)詞短語由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)短語 具有動(dòng)詞的意義和功能 這樣的短語叫動(dòng)詞短語 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)動(dòng)詞 常見的有 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 17 Smartphonesaremoreandmorepopularnow Sotheyare Buttheystill toomuch A payB costC takeD spend 18 Steven weshould thebusatthenextstop A getupB getoffC gettoD getin B B 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)六一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 19 Alicelikesdoinghousework She herroomeveryafternoon A cleansB cleanedC willcleanD hascleaned 20 Whichteacher lessons toyoueveryday A does givesB does giveC do giveD gives 21 We llgotoplaywithsnowifit tomorrow A snowB snowsC willsnowD snowed 22 Nobody howtorunthismachines A knowB haveknownC knowsD isknowing A D B C 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)七現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 23 Someone atthedoor Canyouopenit A knocksB knockedC isknockingD wasknocking 24 Hello Betty Whatareyoudoingnow I ontheGreatWallofChina I llsendthemtoyoulater A willtakepicturesB amtakingpicturesC wastakingpicturesD takepictures 25 Whereisyourfather He theWorldCupinthelivingroom A iswatchingB watchesC watchedD willwatch 26 Look Thepolice thefoodontothebankoftheriver A amcarryingB iscarryingC arecarryingD arecarried C B A C 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)八一般將來時(shí) 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 27 I mbusynow I toyouafterschoolthisafternoon A talkB talkedC willtalkD havetalked 28 Mr WanghasleftforGuangzhou He aspeechthereintwodays A givesB gaveC willgiveD hasgiven 29 Lookatthoseclouds It soon I mafraid A isgoingtorainB israiningC willrainD won train 30 Becareful Thetrain A willcomeB cameC comesD iscoming C D C A 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)九 一般過去式 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 31 I tenniswithmycousineverydaywhenIwasinAmerica A playB playedC hadplayedD hasplayed 32 Theteacherisalreadystandinghere Doyouknowwhenshe A comesB cameC iscomingD wascoming 33 Isupposeyouareatleast60yearsold Thankyou I mgladyou that Myrealageis62 A sayB saidC aresayingD weresaying 34 Areyougoinganywhere I aboutvisitingmysister butIhavechangedmymind A thinkB havethoughtC willthinkD thought B D B B 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)十過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 35 IsawKeninthemeetingroom he Joefortheschoolmagazine A interviewsB interviewedC hasinterviewedD wasinterviewing 36 Whatwereyoudoingwhenwewereplayingbasketballyesterdayafternoon I theclassroom A wascleaningB havecleanedC willcleanD clean D A 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 37 Whenthey throughtheforest abear atthem A walked wascomingB werewalking cameC werewalking comesD walk iscoming 38 Whilemother somewashing I akiteforKate A did madeB wasdoing madeC wasdoing wasmakingD did wasmaking B C 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)十一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 39 Howtimeflies Threeyears sinceI youlasttime A havepassed metB haspassed metC passed havemetD passed met 40 Haveyoufinishedusingmydictionary Yes Iputitbackonyourdeskjustnow Who itaway A willtakeB istakingC tookD hastaken 41 He inthisfactoryfor20yearsalready A willworkB worksC hasworkedD isworking 42 Jimisn tintheclassroom Whereishenow He thelibrary A willgotoB hasbeentoC hasgonetoD goesto B D C C 考點(diǎn)梳理 特別關(guān)注 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式 發(fā)生過程的長短可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 1 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作 如 learn work stand sleep live stay等 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用 如 Youcankeepthebookfor5days 這本書你能借5天 Istayedtherefor2weekslastyear 去年我在那里住了兩個(gè)星期 2 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱終止性動(dòng)詞 瞬間動(dòng)詞 表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作 這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束 不能與時(shí)間段連用 考點(diǎn)梳理 如 open die close begin finish come go move borrow lend buy等 如果要與時(shí)間段連用 就把它轉(zhuǎn)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞使用 3 中考常見的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換有 考點(diǎn)梳理 如 1 Theoldmandied4yearsago Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years 那位老人死了四年了 2 HejoinedtheParty2yearsago HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years HehasbeenaPartymemberfor2years 他入黨兩年了 3 Iboughtthebook5daysago Ihavehadthebookfor5days 這本書我剛買5天 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 43 Anewshop foraweeknearby Let shavealookthere Goodidea Butitdoesn t onMondays A opened openedB hasbeenopened openC hasopened openedD hasbeenopen open 44 I myhometownforalongtime Ireallymissit A leftB wentawayfromC haveleftD havebeenawayfrom D D 考點(diǎn)梳理 考點(diǎn)精練 45 HowlongcanI thebook Twoweeks A borrowB lendC keepD get 46 Herfather in1990andherhusband formorethanfiveyears A died deadB hasdied deadC died hasbeendeadD hasdied hasdied C C 考點(diǎn)梳理 備考策略 動(dòng)詞及其時(shí)態(tài)是中考考查比例最大的一個(gè)語法項(xiàng)目 近年來主要集中在考查各類動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析 詞形變化 人稱和數(shù)的一致以及在各種情景下正確使用時(shí)態(tài)等 其中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測的用法 表示必然性的用法以及它們的否定形式和習(xí)慣用法等也是重點(diǎn) 在復(fù)習(xí)備考中同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意 1 掌握常見的系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞用法 學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞 學(xué)會(huì)在具體的語境中觀察 分析及正確使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 2 總結(jié)和熟記一些重要?jiǎng)釉~和動(dòng)詞短語的意思 習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配等 3 注意區(qū)分和掌握易混淆的常用動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語 4 學(xué)會(huì)連用上下文或時(shí)間狀語判斷時(shí)態(tài) 注意動(dòng)詞的不同變化形式以及人稱 數(shù)的一致