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摘要 液壓機也稱為油壓機，它是一種利用液體靜壓力來加工金屬、塑料、橡膠、木材、粉末等制品的機械，通常情況下主機為三梁四柱的結構，三梁四柱式這種液壓機結構經濟實用，從而廣泛的應用在機械制造中。液壓機是一種使用液體的壓力用來傳遞機械能，液壓控制可以適當采用插裝閥集成系統，動作穩(wěn)定，工藝流暢，使用重復次數較多，液壓的沖擊慣性較小，縮短了連接管路與泄露點之間的距離，或一般液壓控制兩種形式，它們可用于各種可塑性材料的壓力加工技術和成型技術，如沖裁技術、彎曲技術、翻邊技術、薄板拉伸技術等。基本原理是由油泵把液壓油輸送到集成的插裝閥塊之中，通過各種單向閥和溢流閥把液壓油分配到油缸的上腔系統或者下腔系統中，在高壓油的強大作用力之下，使油缸進行往復機械運動。液壓機是使用液體來傳遞機械壓力的機械設備。清洗零件和軸的各連接處并及時加潤滑油，從而實現液壓程序的操縱靈動性。仔細看查并且緊住上缸蓋和下缸蓋、電機座和錘身地腳螺絲，必須保證擰緊堅固。單位流量欠缺或沒有流量的原因：液壓缸系統的工作效率低，出現在設備剛剛正常啟動的時候，液壓缸工作機構運行比較慢、工作聲音正常，有壓力卻沒有流量。當液壓缸發(fā)生這種情況的時候，就必須檢查機械系統和換向閥這兩部分。因為沒有多余的零件更換，再次生產零件的時間不是很清楚，長時間的機器閑置會給企業(yè)帶來巨大的經濟損失，并且還要支付很多錢來維修。因為當今企業(yè)要走機械化和數控化的道路，需要找到方便快捷，行之有效的方法來保養(yǎng)和維修這些機械設備，否則企業(yè)得不償失，從而最大化企業(yè)的經濟效益。企業(yè)可以采用很多種方法進行現場維修，比如找專業(yè)的修理人員進行修理。 關鍵詞: 液壓機； 機身結構； 工作壓力； 滑塊 Abstract Hydraulic machine, also known as hydraulic machine, it is a by liquid static pressure to the processing of metal, plastic, rubber, wood powder and other products, machinery, usually host for the structure of the three beams and four columns, three four beam of the hydraulic machine structure is economical and practical, so it has a wide range of applications in machinery manufacturing.?Hydraulic machine is a kind of using liquid pressure used for the transmission of mechanical energy, hydraulic control can be suitably used cartridge valve integrated system, stable operation, smooth process using repeated many times, the impact of hydraulic inertia is small, shortening the connecting pipe and the discharge distance between the dew point, or general hydraulic control two kinds of forms, they can be used for all kinds of plastic material pressure processing technology and molding technology, such as punching blanking, bending, flanging technology, sheet metal drawing technology etc..?Basic principle is by the oil pump to the hydraulic oil is transported to the integrated cartridge valve blocks among, through a variety of one-way valve and the overflow valve to hydraulic oil distribution to the cylinder chamber system or inferior system, under the strong force of the high pressure oil, the oil cylinder for reciprocating mechanical movement.?Hydraulic machine is the use of liquid to transfer mechanical and mechanical equipment.?Clean parts and shaft of the connecting department and add the lubricating oil, so as to realize the operation of the hydraulic program..?Carefully check and hold on tight under the cylinder head and cylinder head, a motor seat and a hammer body screws, tighten the firm must ensure that.?Reasons for the lack of per unit of flow or no flow: hydraulic cylinder system work efficiency low, appear in the device just starting when, hydraulic cylinder mechanism relatively slow, normal voice, pressure without traffic.?When the hydraulic cylinder occurs in this case, it is necessary to check the mechanical system and the two parts of the valve.?Because there is no spare parts replacement and once again producing parts of the time is not very clear, the long time idle machines will bring huge economic losses to the enterprise, and also pay a lot of money to repair.?Because today's enterprises to walk the road machinery and CNC, the need to find a convenient and effective approach to maintenance and repair of the mechanical equipment, otherwise enterprises gain to maximize the enterprise economic benefit.?Enterprises can use many methods for on-site maintenance, such as looking for professional repair personnel for repair. Key words： Hydraulc press， Fuselage structure， Working pressure， Slider 目 錄 第一章 緒論 1 1.1液壓機的發(fā)展 1 1.2 液壓機的工作原理 1 1.3四柱液壓機的用途、特點和主要性能 2 第二章 液壓機的主要技術參數 3 2.1 YA32─100T四柱萬能液壓機主要參數 3 2.2 YA32─100T四柱萬能液壓機系統工況圖 4 第三章 液壓基本回路以及控制閥 6 3.1 YA32─100T四柱萬能液壓機液壓系統圖 6 3.2 YA32─100T四柱萬能液壓機工作循環(huán)圖 9 第四章 液壓缸 10 4.1 主缸 10 4.1.1 材料 11 4.1.2 缸筒內徑: 11 4.1.4 缸筒壁厚： 17 4.1.5 缸筒壁厚校核: 17 4.1.6 缸筒的暴裂壓力： 18 4.1.7 缸筒底部厚度 18 4.1.8 缸筒端部法蘭厚度:h 19 4.1.9 缸筒法蘭連接螺栓 19 4.2 主缸活塞桿 20 4.2.1 材料 20 4.2.2 直徑 20 4.2.3 強度校核 20 4.3 主缸的總效率 21 4.3.1 機械效率 21 4.3.2 容積效率 21 4.3.3 反作用力效率 21 4.4 各油缸工作流量 22 4.4.1 主缸快速下行 22 4.4.2 主缸工進 22 4.4.3 主缸回程 23 4.4.4 液壓缸損壞情況及原因分析 23 第五章 液壓系統的安裝 25 5.1 液壓元件的安裝 25 總 結 26 參考文獻 27 致 謝 28