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Howmanylifestagesdoweexperience Prebirth Birth Infancy Ages0 3 EarlyChildhood Ages3 6 MiddleChildhood Ages6 8 LateChildhood Ages9 11 Adolescence Ages12 20 EarlyAdulthood Ages20 35 Midlife Ages35 50 MatureAdulthood Ages50 80 LateAdulthood Age80 Death Dying Previousphasesinlife Transition Anewlyaddedphaseinlife theodysseyyears Characteristicsoftheodysseyyears Advicetoyoungpeople phase n 階段 時(shí)期astageinaprocessofchangeordevelopmentv usuallypassive 分階段進(jìn)行 逐步做toarrangetodosthgraduallyinstagesoveraperiodoftime phasedown逐步減少phasein逐步采用phaseout逐步淘汰 逐步結(jié)束 Phrases label v 1 貼標(biāo)簽于 用標(biāo)簽標(biāo)明tofixalabelonsthorwriteinformationonsth2 尤指不公正地 把 稱(chēng)為todescribesb sthinaparticularway especiallyunfairly Wecarefullylabelledeachitemwiththecontentsandthedate Hewaslabelled as atraitorbyhisformercolleagues parallel v 1 與 相似 與 同時(shí)發(fā)生tobesimilartosth tohappenatthesametimeassth2 與 媲美 比得上tobeasgoodassth3 與 平行bethesamedistanceapartateverypointalongtheirwholelength adj 1 平行的twoormorelinesthatareparalleltoeachotherarethesamedistanceapartateverypoint to withsth 2 極相似的 同時(shí)發(fā)生的 相應(yīng)的 對(duì)應(yīng)的verysimilarortakingplaceatthesametime Theirlegalsystemparallelsourown Therailwaylinesrunparalleltotheroad Herexperiencesparallelmineinmanyinstances Translation 她的經(jīng)歷多與我的相似 acquaint v formal 使熟悉 使了解tomakesb yourselffamiliarwithorawareofsthUsages 1 acquaintsb oneselfwithsth使某人熟悉 把 告知某人2 S n pron that clause Translation Weshouldacquaintourselveswiththisadvancedtechnique 我們應(yīng)該使自己熟悉這種先進(jìn)技術(shù) Therewerechildhood adolescence adulthood andoldage witheachuniquephasebringingitsownpeculiarsetofchallenges Para 1 Previousphasesinlife previous adj onlybeforenoun 先前的 以往的 早先的happeningorexistingbeforetheeventorobjectthatyouaretalkingabout 派生詞 previoustoprep Previoustothis she dalwaysbeenwell induction n 1 就職 入門(mén) 接納會(huì)員 就職儀式theprocessofintroducingsbtoanewjob skill organization etc aceremonyatwhichthistakesplace2 歸納法 歸納amethodofdiscoveringgeneralrulesandprinciplesfromparticularfactsandexamples Mrs Simpsonisresponsiblefortheinductionofnewlibrarystaff sensible adj 人及行為 明智的 理智的 合理的 切合實(shí)際的abletomakegoodjudgementsbasedonreasonandexperienceratherthanemotion practical formalorliterary 意識(shí)到 認(rèn)識(shí)到awareofsth equivalent adj 價(jià)值 數(shù)量 意義 重要性等 相等的 相同的equalinvalue amount meaning importance etc tosth n 相等的東西 等量 對(duì)應(yīng)詞athing amount word etc thatisequivalenttosthelse of tosth Adimeisequivalentto10pennies radical adj usuallybeforenoun 1 根本的 徹底的 完全的concerningthemostbasicandimportantpartsofsth thoroughandcomplete2 全新的 不同凡響的 重大的new differentandlikelytohaveagreateffect3 激進(jìn)的 極端的infavourofthoroughandcompletepoliticalorsocialchange quit v 1 informal 離開(kāi) 工作職位 學(xué)校等 離任 離校toleaveyourjob school etc 2 informal especiallyNAmE 停止 戒掉tostopdoingsth doingsth sth 3 離開(kāi) 遷出 搬離 住處 toleavetheplacewhereyoulive4 關(guān)閉 退出 計(jì)算機(jī)程序等 tocloseacomputerprogramorapplication HequithisjobasanofficeboyinAthens Policewerecalledwhenherefusedtoquitthebuilding Iwastryingtoquitsmokingatthetime Hequit quittedtheshowlastyearbecauseof duetobadhealth Translation 去年他因身體欠佳而退出了表演 shift v 1 轉(zhuǎn)移 挪動(dòng)tomove ormovesth fromonepositionorplacetoanother sth from to 2 情況 意見(jiàn) 政策等 變換 更替 變動(dòng)tochangefromonestate position etc toanother from to towards toward Whenthewindshifted shiftsfromsouthtonorth it theweatherbegan beginstogetcold Translation 當(dāng)風(fēng)向由南轉(zhuǎn)北時(shí) 天變冷了 n 1 改變 轉(zhuǎn)移 轉(zhuǎn)換 變換achangeinpositionordirection insth 2 班 輪班 輪班工作時(shí)間aperiodoftimeworkedbyagroupofworkerswhostartworkasanothergroupfinishesday nightshiftworkinginshifts prior adj onlybeforenoun 1 formal 在前面的beforesthpriorto2 先前的 較早的 在前的happeningorexistingbeforesthelseorbeforeaparticulartime3 優(yōu)先的 占先的 較重要的alreadyexistingandthereforemoreimportant Pleasegiveuspriornoticeifyouneedaneveningmeal Theyhaveapriorclaimtotheproperty frame v 1 以某種方式 表達(dá)toexpresssthinaparticularway2 usuallypassive 給 做框 給 鑲邊toputormakeaframeorborderaroundsth You llhavetobecarefulhowyouframethequestion Thephotographhadbeenframed n 1 圖畫(huà) 門(mén) 玻璃等的 框架astrongborderorstructureofwood metal etc thatholdsapicture door pieceofglass etc inposition2 sing 構(gòu)成某事物背景的 總的思想 體系 體制 模式thegeneralideasorstructurethatformthebackgroundtosth3 C 幀 畫(huà)格 畫(huà)面oneofthesinglephotographsthatafilmorvideoismadeof4 C usuallysing 體形 身材 骨架theformorstructureofapersonoranimal sbody5 C 家具 建筑物 車(chē)輛等的 構(gòu)架 支架 骨架thesupportingstructureofapieceoffurniture abuilding avehicle etc thatgivesititsshape proportion n 1 C 部分 份額apartorshareofawhole2 U 比例 倍數(shù)therelationshipofonethingtoanotherinsize amount etc ofsthtosth 3 pl proportions 面積 體積 規(guī)模 程度themeasurementsofsth itssizeandshape Watercoversalargeproportionoftheearth ssurface Theproportionofmentowomeninthecollegehaschangeddramaticallyovertheyears Usage 1 Ifproportionisusedwithanuncountableorasingularnoun theverbisgenerallysingular Aproportionofthelandisusedforagriculture 2 Iftheproportionofisusedwithapluralcountablenoun orasingularnounthatrepresentsagroupofpeople theverbisusuallysingular butwitha large small etc proportionof apluralverbisoftenused especiallyinBrE TheproportionofsmallcarsonAmerica sroadsisincreasing Ahighproportionoffive year oldshaveteethinpoorcondition Today manyyoungpeopledelaymarriageandevenemployment whichisdifferentfromtheprevioustimes Anewlyaddedphaseinlife theodysseyyears Today youngpeoplearefollowingadifferentagenda theodysseyyears Previously youngpeople sinductiontoadulthoodwascompletedoncetheygraduatedfromcollege Para 3 Para 4 Para 5 rebel n rebl 反政府的人 叛亂者 造反者apersonwhofightsagainstthegovernmentoftheircountryv ri bel 造反 反抗 背叛tofightagainstorrefusetoobeyanauthority forexampleagovernment asystem yourparents etc againstsb sth rebelliousadj Theslavesrebelledagainsttheirmastersandkilledthemall Translation 奴隸們起來(lái)反抗奴隸主并把他們都?xì)⒐?resent v 憤恨 感到氣憤 憤憤不平tofeelbitterorangryaboutsth especiallybecauseyoufeelitisunfairUsage 1 S n pron 2 S v ingFreedieresentsbeingkeptwaitingsolong 3 S that clauseHeresentsthatheisoftenkeptwaiting resort v 訴諸 求助于 依靠tomakeuseofsth especiallysthbad asameansofachievingsth oftenbecausethereisnootherpossiblesolutionresorttosth doingsth Wemayhavetoresorttousinguntrainedstaff makeallowance s forsth體諒 諒解 考慮到 估計(jì)到 如在決策或計(jì)劃時(shí) Thebudgetmadeallowanceforinflation makeallowances forsb 體諒 諒解He stiredsoI llmakeallowancesforhim makeallowance s for predict v 預(yù)言 預(yù)告 預(yù)報(bào)tosaythatsthwillhappeninthefutureUsage 1 S n pron 2 S that clause3 Itis waspredictedthat 4 passive bepredictedtodoThetrialispredictedtolastformonths version n 1 變化形式 變體 版本aformofsththatisslightlydifferentfromanearlierformorfromotherformsofthesamething2 從不同角度的 說(shuō)法 描述adescriptionofaneventfromthepositionofaparticularpersonorgroupofpeople Therearetwoversionsofthegame alongoneandashortone Shegaveusherversionofwhathadhappenedthatday boom v 1 迅速發(fā)展 激增 繁榮昌盛tohaveaperiodofrapidgrowth tobecomebigger moresuccessful etc 2 轟鳴 轟響tomakealouddeepsound Bythe1980s thecomputerindustrywasbooming implicit adj 含蓄的 不直接言明的suggestedwithoutbeingdirectlyexpressed insth 在 中不明確的Implicitinhisspeechwastheassumptionthattheywereguilty contemporary adj 1 當(dāng)代的 現(xiàn)代的belongingtothepresenttime2 屬同時(shí)期的 同一時(shí)代的belongingtothesametime withsb sth HewascontemporarywiththedramatistCongreve witness v 1 是發(fā)生 的地點(diǎn) 或時(shí)間 組織等 見(jiàn)證tobetheplace period organization etc inwhichparticulareventstakeplace2 當(dāng)場(chǎng)看到 目擊 尤指罪行或事故 toseesthhappen typicallyacrimeoranaccident Didanyonewitnessthetrafficaccident The1980shavewitnessedincreasingunemployment n 1 目擊者 見(jiàn)證人apersonwhoseessthhappenandisabletodescribeittootherpeoplebe a witnesstosth目擊 看見(jiàn) 某事發(fā)生 2 證人apersonwhogivesevidenceincourtadefence prosecutionwitness被告的 控方的證人 Translation Indiahaswitnessedmanypoliticalchangesinrecentyears 印度近年來(lái)經(jīng)歷了很多政治變動(dòng) Newguidelinesforthisparticularphasehaven tbeenestablished Everychangeremainstemporary Characteristicsoftheodysseyyears Becauseofenormouspressure youngpeoplereactwithrebelliousbehaviorstowardtheirparents Theirparentsfeelmoreanxious Thechangeingenderstatusdelaysthetimetogetmarried However youngpeoplestillholdtraditionalaspirationsforparenthood Thisnewphasewillbecomemorepronouncedinthecomingyears Para 6 Para 7 Para 8 Para 9 Para 10 deceive v 1 欺騙 蒙騙 誆騙tomakesbbelievesththatisnottrue sb intodoingsth 騙得某人相信2 使人誤信 誤導(dǎo)tomakesbhaveawrongideaaboutsb sth Weweredeceivedintobuyingthathouse Unlessmyeyesdeceiveme that shiswife reinforce v 1 加強(qiáng) 充實(shí) 使更強(qiáng)烈tomakeafeeling anidea etc stronger2 加固 使更結(jié)實(shí)tomakeastructureormaterialstronger especiallybyaddinganothermaterialtoit3 給 加強(qiáng)力量 或裝備 使更強(qiáng)大tosendmorepeopleorequipmentinordertomakeanarmy etc stronger Agoodspeakershouldbeabletoreinforcehisargumentwithfacts 一個(gè)好的演講者會(huì)用事實(shí)來(lái)加強(qiáng)他論點(diǎn) Translation Advicestoyoungpeople Successwillonlycometothosewhoknowthattheymusthavethestrength capacityandconfidencetopassthroughtheodysseyyears Keepyourresumeprofessionalandup to date 1我們大多數(shù)人都知道 根據(jù)不同的年齡和生活階段 人生可與此平行劃分為童年 青春期 成年和老年這四個(gè)階段 我們把這些階段想象為嬰兒在童年之前 中年在老年之前 每個(gè)階段都會(huì)面臨一系列特有的挑戰(zhàn) 如孩子對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的需要 成人對(duì)找到合適的職業(yè)生涯和建立一個(gè)家庭的需要 以及年長(zhǎng)者對(duì)得到幫助和良好醫(yī)療保健的需要 通過(guò)對(duì)它們的充分了解 我們就可以戰(zhàn)勝這些挑戰(zhàn) 2有趣的是 關(guān)于人生階段的觀念正在發(fā)生變化 3在先前的年代 人們并沒(méi)有一種固有的把童年和成年分開(kāi)的想法 一百年前 誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有想到過(guò)青春期 直到最近 人們還很自然地認(rèn)為 只要他們一從大學(xué)畢業(yè) 他們的成人入門(mén)階段就結(jié)束了 他們就會(huì)找到一份把他們引入職業(yè)生涯的合適的工作 然后在此職業(yè)生涯期間 他們會(huì)成家 三十歲之前成家更為理想 4今天 我們同樣需要認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)新的人生階段 從高中畢業(yè)到上大學(xué) 然后到成家立業(yè) 即所謂的奧德賽歲月 由于年輕人正按照一種不同的模式生活 最近的趨勢(shì)出現(xiàn)了根本性的變化 他們從學(xué)校休學(xué) 與朋友同住 也常回去與父母同住 同樣 他們戀愛(ài)又失戀 辭掉一份工作又去尋找新的 甚至改行 因此 我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)新階段 奧德賽歲月 現(xiàn)在許多人認(rèn)為這是步入成年之前的一個(gè)難以回避的階段 5出生于上個(gè)世紀(jì)60年代或70年代之前的人們往往會(huì)將成年的概念基于是否取得了某些成就 從父母家搬走 經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立 找到合適的配偶并組織家庭 但是 對(duì)穩(wěn)定的強(qiáng)調(diào)并沒(méi)能保持不變 今天 年輕人不太可能仿效他們的父母 在奧德賽歲月中 相當(dāng)比例的年輕人都推遲結(jié)婚 生子 甚至推遲就業(yè) 6奧德賽歲月使年輕人承受了巨大的壓力 迫使他們快速往前沖 作為他們父母唯一的繼承人和所有期望 希望和夢(mèng)想的聚焦 有些年輕人以叛逆和桀驁不馴的行為和態(tài)度對(duì)待父母 他們往往憎恨他們所感到的壓力 并同他們的父母保持距離 甚至離家出走 他們的困惑源于很難讓家長(zhǎng)了解他們 也源于這段需要進(jìn)行自我探索的 不確定的人生之旅 為了逃避困惑和不安 許多年輕人訴諸電腦游戲 iPod iPhone或iPad 以幫助分散他們的痛苦和壓力 7同樣 他們的父母更是著急 雖然他們理解從學(xué)生到成年需要一個(gè)過(guò)渡階段 但看到他們已成年子女的過(guò)渡階段的生活與他們的期望漸行漸遠(yuǎn) 過(guò)渡階段延至五年 七年 甚至更長(zhǎng)時(shí) 他們感到生氣 父母甚至不能清楚地覺(jué)察到他們孩子未來(lái)生活的方向 只能看著他們 看著要做的事被拖延著 8接下來(lái)會(huì)如何發(fā)展很難預(yù)測(cè) 新的準(zhǔn)則還沒(méi)有建立 一切似乎都被一個(gè)不確定的版本所取代 兩性之間地位和權(quán)力的平衡也有了轉(zhuǎn)變 取得學(xué)位的女性比男性更多 男性的工資在過(guò)去的幾十年里一直停滯不前 而女性的工資卻出現(xiàn)激增 9別的不說(shuō) 這對(duì)擇偶產(chǎn)生了不言而喻的影響 即使未婚 受過(guò)教育的婦女仍可以得到很多她們想要的東西 如安全感 成就感 和認(rèn)同感 不過(guò) 不論男女都更難找到合適的伴侶來(lái)一同建立他們的生活 在討論這一切時(shí) 有助于讓大家知道 即使畢業(yè)生離開(kāi)大學(xué)后推遲了做很多事 調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示 他們?nèi)猿钟泻軅鹘y(tǒng)的愿望 例如 當(dāng)今的一代比以前的幾代對(duì)如何扮演好父母的角色有著更高的要求 10這一新階段在未來(lái)幾年可能更明顯 世界各國(guó)都目睹了相似的趨勢(shì) 人們推遲結(jié)婚 花更多年的時(shí)間徘徊在接受高等教育和建立職業(yè)生涯及家庭之間 11然而 畢業(yè)生不應(yīng)誤認(rèn)為因情況已變得更困難 他們就可以放棄 大批的人努力角逐相對(duì)較少的機(jī)會(huì) 這會(huì)導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力 所以 從一開(kāi)始你就要將個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷寫(xiě)得很專(zhuān)業(yè) 并做到隨時(shí)更新 12要強(qiáng)化這一重要信息 順利度過(guò)奧德賽歲月的將是那些不急于即刻實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的人 但這些人知道他們必須保持實(shí)力 能力 信心去度過(guò)這段較長(zhǎng)的歲月 如果你的目標(biāo)起步稍晚了點(diǎn) 不要認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)失敗者 意志堅(jiān)定 態(tài)度積極 并集中精力 有一天 你會(huì)回頭審視 并對(duì)奧德賽歲月給你帶來(lái)的巨大改變感到驚嘆 Focusonacomparison contrastessayTocomparemeanstoshowthesimilaritiesandtocontrastmeanstoshowthedifferences Ineverydaylife youcompareandcontrastwhenyoubuyacarorchooseanapartment Youcanalsocomparetwoteachers twojobs ortwowaystospendaweekend Contrast ontheotherhand incontrast however incomparison eventhough although though whereas while but differentfrom unlike etc Thekeytowritingasuccessfulandcoherentessayistheappropriateuseofcomparisonandcontraststructurewords Thecommononesare Structurewords Comparison similarly likewise also too as justas like justlike similarto alike thesameas notonly butalso both and etc Havealookattheoutlineandthesamplebelow whichisacomparison contrastessay Topic Thedifferencesbetweentheyounggenerationandtheirparents generation Introduction Thesisstatement Eventhoughbothgenerationshavetheirgoodpoints today syoungpeoplearemoreactiveandadaptabletothechangesoflifethantheirparents tobecontinued Body Point1 activeinlife Youngpeople ParentsPoint2 adaptabletothechangesoflife Youngpeople Parents Conclusion Youngpeopleusuallyliveinamoreactiveandflexiblewaythantheirparents Sample Asisknowntoall people slifestylesandbehaviorchangeconstantly Consequently therearemanydifferencesbetweentheyounggenerationandtheirparents generation Topicsentence Eventhoughbothgenerationshavetheirgoodpoints today syoungpeoplearemoreactiveandadaptabletothechangesoflifethantheirparents tobecontinued Sample Firstofall youngpeoplenowadaysaremoreactiveinlife Detail1 Aswecanoftenobserve manystudentswhoarestillinhighschoolhavestartedtofindjobs Theythinkthiswillhelpthemgainmoreexperienceandtheycanworkbetteraftergraduatingfromuniversities Thisisanabsolutelyoppositeviewtotheirparents generation Intheirtimes parentsoftenwaiteduntiltheywerequalifiedenoughtogetajob Theywerenotasactiveasyoungpeopletoday tobecontinued Sample Inaddition theyounggenerationbetteradaptstothechangesoflife Detail2 Forexample forthepastdecadeorso theInternethasdevelopedtremendously Youngpeoplefinditextremelyeasytouseandfeelverycomfortabletoapplyittotheirstudiesandwork therefore theyhavemademoreprogressatschoolandatwork Incontrast theirparentsusuallyfindithardtorememberhowtousecomputersorsurfonline Theyoftengetfrustratedwhentheyhavetoworkonacomputerandfindithardtoadapttothenewtechnology tobecontinued Sample Toconclude althougheverygenerationhasitsownuniquenessandabilitiestolivetheirlives youngpeopleusuallyliveinamoreactiveandflexiblewaythantheirparents Concludingsentence Writingpractice Directions Writeanessayofnolessthan120wordsononeofthefollowingtopics Onetopichasanoutlineyoucanfollow Moretopics easyones YoungpeoplenowandthenHighschoolvs college Essaywriting Moretopics morechallengingones TraditionalEducationvs OnlineEducationE booksvs PrintedBooks