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本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯
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外文資料翻譯譯文
包裝機(jī)定義：
簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，包裝機(jī)就是把產(chǎn)品包裝起來(lái)機(jī)器，起著保護(hù)，美觀(guān)的作用。 包裝機(jī)主要分兩個(gè)方面，一是流水線(xiàn)式整體生產(chǎn)包裝，二是產(chǎn)品外圍包裝設(shè)備。
包裝機(jī)的分類(lèi)：
包裝機(jī)的種類(lèi)繁多，分類(lèi)方法很多。從不同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)出發(fā)可有多種，按產(chǎn)品狀態(tài)分，有液體、塊狀、散粒體包裝機(jī)；按包裝作用分，有內(nèi)包裝、外包包裝機(jī)；按包裝行業(yè)分，有食品、日用化工、紡織品等包裝機(jī)；按包裝工位分，有單工位、多工位包裝機(jī)；按自動(dòng)化程度分，有半自動(dòng)、全自動(dòng)包裝機(jī)等。
自動(dòng)包裝機(jī)的優(yōu)勢(shì)：
要想在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)，為自己創(chuàng)造出最大的利益，就要確保自己的食品包裝生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)運(yùn)行良好，在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，這樣在盡量避免錯(cuò)誤出現(xiàn)和故障的影響，才會(huì)為企業(yè)獲得最大的利益。自動(dòng)化水平在制造工業(yè)中不斷提高，應(yīng)用范圍正在拓展。包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)中自動(dòng)化操作正在改變著包裝過(guò)程的動(dòng)作方式和包裝容器及材料的加工方法。實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制的包裝系統(tǒng)能夠極大地提高生產(chǎn)效率和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，顯著消除包裝工序及印刷貼標(biāo)等造成的誤差，有效減輕職工的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度并降低能源和資源的消耗。具有革命意義的自動(dòng)化改變著包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)的制造方法及其產(chǎn)品的傳輸方式。設(shè)計(jì)、安裝的自動(dòng)控制包裝系統(tǒng)，無(wú)論從提高包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)效率方面，還是從消除加工誤差和減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度方面，都表現(xiàn)出十分明顯的作用。尤其是對(duì)食品、飲料、藥品、電子等行業(yè)而言，都是至關(guān)重要的。自動(dòng)裝置和系統(tǒng)工程方面的技術(shù)正在進(jìn)一步深化，并得到更廣泛的應(yīng)用。
研究現(xiàn)狀：
中國(guó)包裝機(jī)形成行業(yè)僅20年，基礎(chǔ)相對(duì)薄弱，技術(shù)及科研力量不足，其發(fā)展相對(duì)滯后，在某種程度上拖了食品和包裝工業(yè)的后腿。預(yù)測(cè)到2010年，國(guó)內(nèi)行業(yè)總產(chǎn)值可達(dá)到1300億元(現(xiàn)價(jià))，而市場(chǎng)需求可能達(dá)到2000億元。如何能夠盡快的趕上并且抓住這個(gè)巨大的市場(chǎng)是我們迫切需要解決的問(wèn)題。
我國(guó)包裝機(jī)行業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀：
我國(guó)包裝機(jī)起步于上個(gè)世紀(jì)70年代末，年產(chǎn)值只有七八千萬(wàn)元，產(chǎn)品品種僅有100多種。近5年來(lái)食品和包裝機(jī)行業(yè)每年以11%～12%的平均增長(zhǎng)速度發(fā)展，高于同期國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度，銷(xiāo)售總額由1994年的150億元增加到2000年的300億元，產(chǎn)品品種由1994年的270種發(fā)展到2000年的3700種。產(chǎn)品水平上了新臺(tái)階，開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)規(guī)模化、成套化、自動(dòng)化的趨勢(shì)，傳動(dòng)復(fù)雜、技術(shù)含量高的設(shè)備開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)?？梢哉f(shuō)我國(guó)的機(jī)械生產(chǎn)已滿(mǎn)足了國(guó)內(nèi)的基本需求，并開(kāi)始向東南亞及第三世界國(guó)家出口，如我國(guó)2000年的進(jìn)出口總額為27.37億美元，其中出口額為12.9億美元，比1999年提高了22.2%。在出口的機(jī)械品種中以食品(乳品、糕點(diǎn)、肉類(lèi)、水果)加工機(jī)、烤箱、封裝、貼標(biāo)簽機(jī)、紙塑鋁復(fù)合罐生產(chǎn)設(shè)備等機(jī)械出口較多，食品機(jī)械如制糖、、飲料、包裝機(jī)等設(shè)備已開(kāi)始成套出口。
近十余年來(lái)，國(guó)際包裝界十分重視提高包裝機(jī)械及整個(gè)包裝系統(tǒng)的通用能力和多功能集成能力，為市場(chǎng)開(kāi)拓日新月異的多樣化商品提供及時(shí)靈活應(yīng)變的生產(chǎn)手段。同時(shí)基于合理簡(jiǎn)化包裝和優(yōu)勢(shì)包裝工藝方法的實(shí)際需要，不斷探索，明顯地加快了自身技術(shù)革新的步伐。尤其是與現(xiàn)代自動(dòng)機(jī)床同步發(fā)展相呼應(yīng)，逐步明確。要想建立多樣化、通用化、多功能集成化的包裝機(jī)械新體系，首先必須著重解決組合化和機(jī)電一體化的大問(wèn)題，無(wú)疑這是今后的重要發(fā)展方向。
隨著我國(guó)商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮和人民生活水平的提高，食品包裝機(jī)械包裝技術(shù)的前景十分樂(lè)觀(guān)。近年來(lái)，國(guó)家加大了對(duì)食品和藥品質(zhì)量和安全的監(jiān)督力度，對(duì)食品的生產(chǎn)加工包裝技術(shù)都提出了新的要求。一批食品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)先后投入資金進(jìn)行包裝設(shè)備的技術(shù)改造和生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新，在一定程度上提升了我國(guó)食品行業(yè)的水平和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。盡管我國(guó)食品包裝機(jī)械包裝技術(shù)的水平有了提高，但是我國(guó)的食品包裝機(jī)械包裝技術(shù)與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的相比在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中還是明顯處于弱勢(shì)。我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)30%左右的企業(yè)存在低水平的重復(fù)建設(shè)。這種狀況不但浪費(fèi)了有限的資金、人力等重要資源，還造成了包裝機(jī)械市場(chǎng)的無(wú)序混亂，阻礙了行業(yè)的健康發(fā)展，制約了我國(guó)中小食品機(jī)械包裝機(jī)械的升級(jí)換代和包裝技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新。
我國(guó)的食品包裝機(jī)械多以單機(jī)為主，科技含量和自動(dòng)化程度低，在新技術(shù)、新工藝、新材料方面應(yīng)用的少，滿(mǎn)足不了我國(guó)當(dāng)前食品企業(yè)發(fā)展的要求。一些食品企業(yè)為了技術(shù)改造，不得不花費(fèi)大量的資金從國(guó)外引進(jìn)一些技術(shù)先進(jìn)的、生產(chǎn)效率高、包裝精度高的成套食品包裝生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)，導(dǎo)致很大一部分國(guó)內(nèi)的市場(chǎng)份額被國(guó)外品牌所占領(lǐng)。我國(guó)的食品包裝機(jī)械發(fā)展空間依然廣闊，食品包裝機(jī)械包裝技術(shù)的水平有待迫切開(kāi)發(fā)的需要。
外國(guó)包裝機(jī)械的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀：
德國(guó)：
德國(guó)的包裝機(jī)械在計(jì)量、制造、技術(shù)性能方面均屬世界一流。該國(guó)生產(chǎn)的啤酒、飲料灌裝成套設(shè)備生產(chǎn)速度快、自動(dòng)化程度高、可靠性好。主要體現(xiàn)在：工藝流程的自動(dòng)化、生產(chǎn)效率高，滿(mǎn)足了交貨期短和降低工藝流程成本的要求;設(shè)備具有更高的柔性和靈活性。主要體現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)的靈活性、構(gòu)造的靈活性和供貨的靈活性，以適應(yīng)產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代的需要;利用計(jì)算機(jī)和仿真技術(shù)提供成套設(shè)備，故障率低，可以進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程診斷服務(wù);對(duì)環(huán)境污染少，主要包括噪音、粉塵和廢棄物的污染。
意大利：
意大利生產(chǎn)的包裝機(jī)械中，40%是食品包裝機(jī)械，如糖果包裝機(jī)、茶葉包裝機(jī)、灌裝機(jī)等。產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)是外觀(guān)考究、性能優(yōu)良、價(jià)格便宜。意大利包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)就在于可以按照用戶(hù)的要求進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)，并能保證很好地完成設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)、試驗(yàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)督、檢驗(yàn)、組裝、調(diào)整和用戶(hù)需求分析等。
國(guó)產(chǎn)食品包裝機(jī)械與國(guó)際的主要差距：
1、生產(chǎn)效率低、能耗高、穩(wěn)定性和可靠性差，產(chǎn)品造型落后，外觀(guān)粗糙，基礎(chǔ)件和配套件壽命低，國(guó)產(chǎn)的氣動(dòng)件和電器元件質(zhì)量差。比如河南星火包裝機(jī)械有限公司就在參照國(guó)外先進(jìn)包裝機(jī)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行改造和創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品，星火牌系列的灌裝機(jī)上的氣動(dòng)部分均采用德國(guó)FESTO和臺(tái)灣AirTac的氣動(dòng)元件。
2、控制技術(shù)應(yīng)用得少。比如遠(yuǎn)距離遙控技術(shù)、步進(jìn)電機(jī)技術(shù)、信息處理技術(shù)等。專(zhuān)家指出，世界上德國(guó)、意大利、美國(guó)和日本的包裝機(jī)械水平處于領(lǐng)先地位。其中，在美國(guó)成型、充填、封口三種機(jī)械設(shè)備的技術(shù)更新很快。如美國(guó)液體灌裝設(shè)備公司(EJF)生產(chǎn)的液體灌裝機(jī)，一臺(tái)設(shè)備可以實(shí)現(xiàn)重力灌裝、壓力灌裝以及正壓移動(dòng)泵式灌裝。就是說(shuō)，任何黏度的液體，只要通過(guò)微機(jī)控制來(lái)改變灌裝方式就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。近幾年來(lái)，這種技術(shù)在國(guó)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)了，比如江蘇群杰包裝機(jī)械廠(chǎng)、廣州澳特包裝機(jī)公司等等。
包裝機(jī)械產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)分析：
食品包裝行業(yè)正向打造新型包裝機(jī)械，引領(lǐng)包裝機(jī)械向集成化、高效化、智能化等方向發(fā)展。邁川伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)器將成為一個(gè)核心的部件產(chǎn)品。目前自動(dòng)化技術(shù)在包裝生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)中已占50%以上，大量使用了電腦設(shè)計(jì)和機(jī)電一體化控制，提高生產(chǎn)率、設(shè)備的柔性和靈活性，增加機(jī)械手以完成復(fù)雜的包裝動(dòng)作。 總看食品包裝機(jī)械的發(fā)展，其在設(shè)備規(guī)模上不僅擴(kuò)大了，而且正加速向光機(jī)電一體化、自動(dòng)化推進(jìn)。隨著科技的不斷發(fā)展與進(jìn)步，未來(lái)微電子、電腦、工業(yè)機(jī)器人、圖像傳感技術(shù)和新材料等在包裝機(jī)械中將會(huì)得到越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用，各企業(yè)亟須引進(jìn)新技術(shù)，向生產(chǎn)效率高、自動(dòng)化程度高、可靠性好、靈活性強(qiáng)、技術(shù)含量高的包裝設(shè)備進(jìn)軍。
目前在灌裝設(shè)備、包裝設(shè)備、包裝材料生產(chǎn)設(shè)備等方面，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)都有了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。但是，我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械品種約有1300多種，缺少高科技、高精度、高質(zhì)量配套產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)品性能低，穩(wěn)定性和可靠性差。仍需借助高端端技術(shù)助力包裝機(jī)械產(chǎn)品升級(jí)。
效率化：食品加工的高度效率化，主要是采用機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)和光、電、液、自動(dòng)化控制技術(shù)等來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，由連續(xù)式生產(chǎn)設(shè)備代替間歇式生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，由專(zhuān)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備代替通用化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，由人性化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備代替中小型生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。使生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)化生產(chǎn)、專(zhuān)業(yè)化作業(yè)、自動(dòng)化調(diào)節(jié)、規(guī)?；?jīng)營(yíng)等，可顯著提高生產(chǎn)效率和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
自動(dòng)化：未來(lái)的包裝機(jī)械將配合產(chǎn)業(yè)自動(dòng)化趨勢(shì)，促進(jìn)包裝設(shè)備總體水平提高。如高智能數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、編碼器及數(shù)字控制組件、動(dòng)力負(fù)載控制等新型智能設(shè)備已經(jīng)普遍應(yīng)用到包裝機(jī)械設(shè)備中，使設(shè)備使用者在操作過(guò)程中更具有獨(dú)立性、靈活度、操作正確性、高效率和兼容性。
外文原文
The packaging machine definition:
Simply put, the packaging machine is the product packaging up the machine, plays a protection role of the beautiful. The packaging machine in two main areas, the overall production pipeline packaging products periphery packaging equipment.
Classification of packaging machines:
A wide range of packaging machines, many of the classification method. Starting from different points of view can have a variety, by sub-state, liquid, massive, granular packaging machine; divided by the role of packaging within the packaging, outsourcing packaging machine; points, by the packaging industry, food, household chemical, textile, and other packaging machines; Packers points, single-station, multi-station packaging machine; divided by the degree of automation, semi-automatic and automatic packaging machines.
Advantage of automatic packaging machines:
To within the stipulated time for themselves to create the maximum benefit, it is necessary to ensure their own food packaging production line is running well, without error in the production process, so in order to avoid errors and failure of will enterprises to obtain the maximum benefit. Level of automation in the manufacturing industry, continuous improvement, is expanding its range of applications. Automation in the packaging machinery industry is changing the action mode of the packaging process and packaging containers and materials processing methods. Packaging systems for automatic control can greatly improve production efficiency and product quality, significantly eliminate the packaging process and printed labeling error, effectively reducing the labor intensity of workers and reduce energy and resource consumption. The automation of revolutionary change the transmission of the manufacturing method of the packaging machinery industry and its products. Design, install the automatic control of packaging systems, in terms of improving product quality and production efficiency of the packaging machinery industry, or from the elimination of processing errors and reduce labor intensity, have demonstrated a very significant role. Especially for food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, electronics and other industries, are essential. Automatic devices and systems engineering aspects of the technology is further deepened, and a wider range of applications.
Research:
The packaging machine form the industry's only 20 years, the foundation is relatively weak, and lack of technical and scientific research efforts, its development is lagging behind, dragged the hind legs of the food and packaging industry in a way. The forecast for 2010, the domestic industry output value reached 130 billion yuan (current prices), while the market demand may reach 200 billion yuan. How can catch up and seize this huge market we urgently need to be resolved as soon as possible.
Development status of the packaging machine industry in China:
Packaging machine in China started in the late 1970s of the last century, only seven or eight million yuan of annual output value, product variety is only 100. Past five years, the food and packaging machine industry an annual average growth rate of 11% to 12% higher than the national growth rate, total sales increased from $ 150 billion in 1994 to 30 billion yuan in 2000, product variety by 270 kinds of development in 1994 to 2000 of 3700 kinds. Product level to a new level, began to scale, complete automation trends, complex transmission equipment of high technical content began to appear. It can be said that China's machinery production to meet the basic needs of the domestic and export to Southeast Asia and Third World countries such as China's 2000 import and export volume of $ 2,737,000,000, of which exports $ 1.29 billion, compared to 1999 to improve 22.2%. Food (dairy products, cakes, meat, fruit) machine, oven, packaging, labeling machines, paper and plastic aluminum composite can production equipment and other machinery exports more varieties of export of machinery, food machinery, such as sugar, beverages packaging machines and other equipment have begun to complete sets of export. The current development of the packaging machine
The past decade, the international packaging industry attaches great importance to improve the general ability of packaging machinery and packaging systems and multi-function integration capabilities to provide timely and flexible response of the means of production for the market to develop the rapid diversification of commodities. Based on reasonable actual need to simplify the method of packaging and advantages of the packaging process, continuing to explore, significantly accelerated the pace of technological innovation. In particular, the simultaneous development of modern automatic machine echoes gradually clear. To build a diverse, universal, multi-function integrated packaging machinery system, we must first focus on solving the big problem of the combination and the mechanical and electrical integration, no doubt, this is an important development in the future direction.
With the prosperity of China's commodity economy and people's living standards improve, the prospects of food packaging machinery, packaging technology is very promising. In recent years, the state has increased the quality and safety of food and medicine supervision, the production of food processing and packaging technology have raised new demands. The number of food-producing enterprises have invested packaging equipment for technological transformation and innovation of production technology, to some extent, enhance the level of China's food industry and market competitiveness. Although the level of food packaging machinery in China Packaging Technology has improved, but China's food packaging machinery, packaging technology and compared to developed countries in the competition or significantly disadvantaged. About 30 percent of China's packaging machinery industry enterprises have low-level duplicated construction. This situation is not only a waste of limited financial, human and other important resources, but also resulted in disorderly confusion of the packaging machinery market, hindering the healthy development of the industry, which restricts the upgrading of China's small and medium-sized food machinery and packaging machinery and packaging technology innovation.
Food packaging machinery in China more than stand-alone-based, low technology content and degree of automation in the new technologies, new processes, new materials applications, can not meet China's current food enterprise development requirements. For technological innovation, some food companies have to spend a lot of money from abroad to the introduction of technologically advanced, high efficiency, high precision packaging the complete food packaging production line, resulting in a large part of the domestic market share is occupied by foreign brands. Is still vast room for development of China's food packaging machinery, food packaging machinery, packaging technology level to be the urgent needs of the development.
The development status of the foreign packaging machinery:
Germany:
Packaging machinery in Germany are world-class in terms of measurement, manufacturing, technical performance. The equipment of the production of beer, beverage filling production speed, high degree of automation, reliability. Mainly reflected in: the automation of the process, high production efficiency, to meet the requirements of short delivery and reduce process costs; equipment has a higher flexibility and flexibility. Production flexibility, the flexibility of the construct and supply flexibility, to accommodate the need for product replacement; use of computers and simulation technology to provide complete sets of equipment, failure rate, remote diagnostic services; less environmental pollution , including noise, dust, pollution and waste.
Italy:
Italian production of packaging machinery, 40% of food packaging machinery, such as candy packing machine, tea packaging machine, filling machine. The products are characterized by elegant appearance, excellent performance and cheap price. Italian packaging machinery industry, the biggest advantage is in accordance with the requirements of the user's design and production, and to ensure the complete design, production, testing, implementation supervision and inspection, assembly, adjustment and user needs analysis.
Major gaps in the domestic food packaging machinery and international:
1, the low production efficiency, high energy consumption, stability and reliability, product design backward, rough appearance, the basic parts and accessories, low life, made pneumatic parts and electrical components are of poor quality. Such as Henan Spark Packaging Machinery Co., Ltd. in the light of advanced packaging machine technology on the basis of transformation and innovation of products, filling machine on the Spark brand pneumatic part adopts the pneumatic components of Germany FESTO and Taiwan AirTac.
2, the control technology applied. Such as long distance remote control technology, the stepper motor technology, information processing technology. The experts pointed out that the level of packaging machinery in Germany, Italy, the United States and Japan, the world's leading position. Which, in the United States forming, filling, sealing the three types of machinery and equipment, technology updates soon. Such as the production of liquid filling machine liquid filling equipment company (EJF), a device can realize the gravity filling, pressure filling and positive pressure portable pump filling. Means that any liquid viscosity, as long as the filling by computer control to change the way you can. In recent years, this technology in the country, such as the the Jiangsu Qunjie Packaging Machinery Factory, Guangzhou, Macao special packaging machine companies, and so on.
Packaging Machinery Industry Development Trend Forecast of:
The food packaging industry to create new packaging machinery, leading packaging machinery to the development of integrated, efficient, intelligent direction. Maichuan servo drives will become a core component of the product. Accounted for 50% of the packaging production line automation technology, extensive use of computer design and mechatronics control, improve productivity, equipment flexibility and flexibility to increase the robot to complete the complex packaging action.
Always look at the development of food packaging machinery, its not only expanded the size of equipment, and is accelerating the integration of optical and electrical machinery, automated propulsion. With the continuous development of technology and progress, the future of microelectronics, computers, industrial robots, image sensor technology and new materials in the packaging machinery will be more widely used, and all enterprises urgent need to introduce new technologies to high productivity, high degree of automation, reliability, flexibility, high technological content and packaging equipment to enter.
Filling equipment, packaging equipment, packaging materials, production equipment, domestic enterprises have made substantial progress. However, China's packaging machinery about 1300 kinds of lack of high-tech, high-precision, high-quality ancillary products, product performance, stability and reliability. Still with the high-end side technologies help packaging machinery product upgrades.
Efficiency: the food processing highly efficient, is mainly mechatronics technology and optical, electrical, hydraulic, automation and control technology to achieve continuous production equipment instead of the intermittent production equipment, specialized production equipment instead of the universal production equipment, production equipment by the humane instead of small and medium-sized production equipment. Production line to achieve continuous production, specialized operations, automatic adjustment, the scale of operations, can significantly improve production efficiency and economic benefits.
Automation: the future of packaging machinery will be coordinated with the trend of industrial automation, and promote the overall level of packaging equipment. Such as the new smart intelligent CNC system, the encoder and the digital control components, power load control equipment has been widely applied to the packaging machinery and equipment, the equipment users more independence during the operation, flexibility, operating correctness. high efficiency and compatibility.