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第2課時(shí)高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚 鎖定主旨大意類題目 怎么考主旨大意類題目主要考查全文的主旨大意 段落的中心思想 作者的寫作目的和文章標(biāo)題 常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有 1 Themainidea keypointofthispassageisthat 2 Thepassageismainlyabout 3 Thebesttitle headlineforthispassageis 4 Thetopic subjectdiscussedinthispassageis 5 Fromthepassagewecanlearn concludethat 6 Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith 7 Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage 8 Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage 怎么學(xué)在平時(shí)的閱讀練習(xí)中 注意文章的體裁 把握作者的寫作目的與思路 學(xué)會(huì)抓主題句 主題段 關(guān)注文章的首段 尾段 每段的首句和尾句等 另外 掌握略讀與細(xì)讀的基本技巧 學(xué)會(huì)積累 尋找關(guān)鍵詞像themostimportant finally等 像概括類詞therefore inaword等 怎么解做此類題目時(shí)做到 1 高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚 不可以偏概全 不可以個(gè)人的思想代替作者的思想 2 在了解全文大意的基礎(chǔ)上 仔細(xì)考慮選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與文章主題有沒(méi)有聯(lián)系 3 看選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容對(duì)文章概括得是否正確 4 要注意選項(xiàng)中所給出的題目范圍是否過(guò)大或過(guò)小 要避免以下三種錯(cuò)誤 概括不夠 過(guò)度概括 以事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)替代概括性強(qiáng)的大意 5 找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門 段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ) 如however but infact actually while onthecontrary incontrast等 時(shí) 其后的句子很可能是主題句 首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí) 對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答很可能就是主題句 作者有意識(shí)地反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點(diǎn) 通常是主旨 反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ) 一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞 表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的詞或短語(yǔ)有therefore thus inshort conclude inconclusion等 典例剖析1 體裁 說(shuō)明文話題 房子與健康詞數(shù) 380時(shí)間 8 2015 新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 B Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating forpeopleareoftenlessself conscious 難為情 whenthey reinpoorlylitplaces andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood Ifyourhomedoesn thaveenoughwindowlight getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness Mindthecolors Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites Inonestudy peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry Sowhenit stimetorepaint goblue Don tforgettheclock ortheradio Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories 卡路里 permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals Beginkeepingtrackofthetime andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes Andwhileyou reatit actuallysitdowntoeat Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown turnonrelaxingmusic Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal Downsizethedishes Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12 inchplateinsteadofa10 inchplate Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone totalintake 攝入 jumpsby14percent Andwe llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort wideglassthanatall skinnyglass 語(yǔ)篇解讀 這是一篇科普說(shuō)明文 短文主要說(shuō)明了人的食量與房子粉刷的顏色 燈光的明暗等有著密切的關(guān)系 它們對(duì)人的身材會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的影響 1 Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout A theirhomecomfortsB theirbodyshapeC housebuyingD healthydiets答案B 推理判斷題 短文主要說(shuō)明了飲食與室內(nèi)光線 墻壁的顏色 餐具的尺寸及進(jìn)餐的速度等有著密切的關(guān)系 顯然這對(duì)于那些注重體型的人是有所幫助的 故答案為B 2 Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople A digestfoodbetterB reducefoodintakeC burnmorecaloriesD regaintheirappetites答案B 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題 根據(jù)第三段 peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom 可知 藍(lán)色的用餐環(huán)境有助于減少食物攝入量 因此B項(xiàng)正確 3 Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes A Eatquickly B Playfastmusic C Usesmallerspoons D Turndownthelights 答案C 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題 由第四段第二句可知 進(jìn)餐快的人比進(jìn)餐慢的人每頓飯多消耗70卡路里的熱量 由此可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤 由第四段倒數(shù)第二句中的 turnonrelaxingmusic 可知B項(xiàng)不對(duì) 而由第二段首句中的 turnupthelights 可知D項(xiàng)也是錯(cuò)誤的 根據(jù)最后一段 whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone totalintakejumpsby14percent 也可直接推知答案為C 4 Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext A IsYourHouseMakingYouFat B WaysofServingDinnerC EffectsofSelf ConsciousnessD IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing 答案A 標(biāo)題歸納題 短文首句即為主題句 房子可能影響住戶的身材 接下來(lái)從房子的顏色 室內(nèi)燈光等方面說(shuō)明了對(duì)飲食的影響 用A項(xiàng)作標(biāo)題 既能總括全文 又能吸引讀者 典例剖析2 體裁 議論文話題 社會(huì)生活詞數(shù) 266時(shí)間 5 2014 重慶卷 E It sgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment Theypay 5foracaramelbrul elattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks It sundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions 性情 butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweare assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBem byobservingourownbehavior Wecanbestrangerstoourselves Ifweknewourownminds whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior Ifourmindswereanopenbook wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes Actually weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare Moreover wedon tjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter weinfercharactersthatweren ttherebefore Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus whichwefailtorecognize Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidn t Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus Weshouldnotmistakenlybelievethatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake peoplebecomewhattheydo thoughitmaynotbeincompliance 符合 withtheirtruedesires Therefore weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegut sadvice Wearewhatwepretendtobe sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe 語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文講述了人的性格和態(tài)度決定人的行為 5 Accordingtothepassage personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedto A determineone sbehaviorB reflectone stasteC influenceone ssurroundingsD resultfromone shabits答案A 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題 根據(jù)文章第一段中 It sgenerallybelievedthat andattitude 可知性格和態(tài)度決定一個(gè)人的行為 故選A 6 WhichofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagreewith A Thereturnofawalletcanindicateone shonesty B Akindpersonwillofferhisseattotheold C Onerecyclesplasticstoprotecttheenvironment D Onebuyslatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee 答案A 推理判斷題 根據(jù)文章第二段中 It sundeniablethat aboutwhoweare 可知拾金不昧表明人的誠(chéng)實(shí) 故選A 7 Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage A Wefailtorealizeourinnerdispositions B Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures C Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires D Ourcharacterscanshapeoursocialrelationships 答案B 推理判斷題 根據(jù)畫(huà)線句子可知如果我們不重復(fù)利用的話 妻子和鄰居會(huì)反對(duì) 可以推出我們會(huì)受外界壓力的影響 故選B 8 Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage A Personalitiesandattitudes B Preferencesandhabits C Behaviorandpersonalities D Attitudesandpreferences 答案C 主旨大意題 根據(jù)文章第一句話 It sgenerallybelievedthat andattitudes 可知這是本文主題句 所以本文討論了性格和行為的關(guān)系 故選C