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窗體底端 電大《醫(yī)藥商品營(yíng)銷實(shí)務(wù)》形考冊(cè)答案（1） 一、案例分析（20分） 1．隋某系長(zhǎng)沙某醫(yī)藥公司業(yè)務(wù)員，于7月22日從山東省青州堯王制藥有限公司購(gòu)進(jìn)湖南科倫制藥有限公司生產(chǎn)的0.9%氯化鈉注射液(500ml)10件，青州堯王制藥有限公司生產(chǎn)的葡萄糖注射液、氯化鈉注射液等八個(gè)品種2126件，貨值40000多元。購(gòu)進(jìn)后一直將這些產(chǎn)品存放在湘鄉(xiāng)市長(zhǎng)橋村4組李某家門面，該門面無(wú)證經(jīng)營(yíng)藥品并已銷售220件。經(jīng)查，隋某沒(méi)有取得合法的《藥品經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證》。 問(wèn)題： 1）分析上述人員違反了《藥品管理法》的哪些規(guī)定？（10分） 2）藥品監(jiān)督管理局應(yīng)給予他們哪些行政處罰？（10分） 答案：（20分） 1）《藥品管理法》第十四條規(guī)定，開(kāi)辦藥品批發(fā)企業(yè)，須經(jīng)企業(yè)所在地省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府藥品監(jiān)督管理部門批準(zhǔn)并發(fā)給《藥品經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證》；開(kāi)辦藥品零售企業(yè)，須經(jīng)企業(yè)所在地縣級(jí)以上地方藥品監(jiān)督管理部門批準(zhǔn)并發(fā)給《藥品經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證》，憑 《藥品經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證》到工商行政管理部門辦理登記注冊(cè)。無(wú)《藥品經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證》的，不得經(jīng)營(yíng)藥品。 隋某違反《藥品管理法》第十四條規(guī)定，無(wú)《藥品經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證》經(jīng)營(yíng)藥品葡萄糖、氯化鈉注射劑，屬違法銷售的藥品。 2）《藥品管理法》第七十三條規(guī)定，未取得《藥品經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證》經(jīng)營(yíng)藥品的，依法予以取締，沒(méi)收違法銷售的藥品和違法所得，并處違法銷售的藥品（包括已售出的和未售出的藥品）貨值金額二倍以上五倍以下的罰款；構(gòu)成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責(zé)任。 藥品監(jiān)督管理局應(yīng)隋某店內(nèi)存放的未售出藥品進(jìn)行查封扣押，并處違法銷售的藥品（包括已售出的和未售出的藥品）貨值金額二倍以上五倍以下的罰款。 二、查閱藥典（50分） 根據(jù)《中國(guó)藥典》（2010年版）一、二、三部，查閱下列內(nèi)容，并將查閱結(jié)果填入下表。 《中國(guó)藥典》查閱記錄表 序號(hào) 查閱內(nèi)容 藥典第部第頁(yè) 查閱結(jié)果 1 一號(hào)篩 二部；凡例；ⅩⅫ 一號(hào)篩：篩孔內(nèi)徑2000μm70μm （10目） 2 珍珠胃安丸處方 一部；P866; 珍珠胃安丸處方：珍珠層粉450g；甘草350g；豆豉姜50g;陳皮100g;徐長(zhǎng)卿50g 3 維生素C片的貯藏要求 二部；P902 遮光；密封保存 4 藥典中糖漿劑的概念 二部；附錄11頁(yè) 糖漿劑系指含有藥物的濃蔗糖水溶液，供口服用 5 熱水 二部；凡例ⅩⅥ 熱水系指70--80℃ 三、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題10分，共30分） 1．簡(jiǎn)述醫(yī)藥職業(yè)道德準(zhǔn)則（10分） 答案： 遵紀(jì)守法，愛(ài)崗敬業(yè)；質(zhì)量為本，信譽(yù)第一 ；急人所難，救死扶傷；文明經(jīng)商，服務(wù)熱情；團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作，共同努力。 2．簡(jiǎn)述醫(yī)藥商品購(gòu)銷員的職業(yè)素質(zhì)要求（10分） 答案： 熱愛(ài)醫(yī)藥事業(yè)，全心全意為人民的健康服務(wù)。 救死扶傷，實(shí)行革命的人道主義。 以患者為中心，提供安全、有效、經(jīng)濟(jì)、適當(dāng)?shù)乃幤贰? 充分體現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義醫(yī)藥職業(yè)道德的四個(gè)第一，即“安全第一，質(zhì)量第一，時(shí)限第一，人民健康利益第一”的原則。 3. 簡(jiǎn)述體溫的測(cè)量方法（10分） 答案： 體溫測(cè)量時(shí)最常用的是腋下測(cè)量法，即先將體溫計(jì)的水銀汞柱甩到35℃以下，再將體溫計(jì)頭端置于受測(cè)者腋窩深處，用上臂將體溫計(jì)夾緊，5～10min后讀數(shù)。讀數(shù)方法是一手拿住體溫計(jì)尾部，即遠(yuǎn)離水銀柱的一端，使眼與體溫計(jì)保持同一水平，讀出水銀柱右端所對(duì)的數(shù)字。讀數(shù)時(shí)注意千萬(wàn)不要觸碰體溫計(jì)的頭端，這樣手會(huì)影響水銀柱而造成測(cè)量不準(zhǔn)；眼睛不要高于或低于體溫計(jì)。測(cè)量時(shí)要注意腋窩處沒(méi)有保暖或者降溫的物品，并且應(yīng)該將腋窩的汗液擦干。 醫(yī)藥商品營(yíng)銷實(shí)務(wù)作業(yè)2 （第3、5章） 一、單選題（每題2分，共24分） 1．下列用于治療糖尿病的藥物是（）。 A．曲安奈德B．格列吡嗪C．甲巰咪唑D．醋酸地塞米松 2．關(guān)于液體藥劑的特點(diǎn)敘述錯(cuò)誤的是（）。 A．吸收快，分劑量方便，給藥途徑廣泛B．液體制劑中常需加入防腐劑 C．貯存過(guò)程中不易發(fā)生霉變D．能減少某些藥物的刺激性 3．某藥有效期至2009年12月，則該藥物可使用到（）。 A．2009年12月1日 B．2009年12月30日 C．2009年12月31日 D．2009年11月30日 4．下列藥物適合制成膠囊劑的是（）。 A．藥物水溶液B．油狀藥物C．易風(fēng)化的藥物D．易吸潮的藥物 5．下列關(guān)于片劑的特點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤的是（）。 A．口服后必須經(jīng)過(guò)胃腸道才能吸收 B．質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定，攜帶、運(yùn)輸和貯存方便 C．無(wú)需崩解成顆粒，吸收較快D．產(chǎn)量大，成本較低 6．舌下給藥適用于（）。 A．脂溶性低有效劑量比較小的藥物B．溶解性比較大的藥物 C．解離度高的藥物 D．脂溶性高有效劑量比較小的藥物 7．65歲以上的老年人的用藥量通常為正常成人的（）。 A．5/6 B．2/3 C．3/4 D．4/5 8．不利于藥物吸收的環(huán)境因素（）。 A．胃排空迅速、腸蠕動(dòng)過(guò)慢或腸內(nèi)容物多等 B．胃排空緩慢、腸蠕動(dòng)過(guò)快或腸內(nèi)容物過(guò)少等 C．胃排空迅速、腸蠕動(dòng)過(guò)快或腸內(nèi)容物過(guò)多等 D．胃排空遲緩、腸蠕動(dòng)過(guò)快或腸內(nèi)容物多等 9．主要用于厭氧菌引起的感染、滴蟲(chóng)感染的藥物是（）。 A．磺胺甲惡唑 B．甲硝唑 C．諾氟沙星 D．利福平 10．下列（ ）是一線抗結(jié)核病藥。 A．異煙肼 B．頭孢拉定 C．阿昔洛韋 D．利巴韋林 11．用于治療皰疹病毒感染的藥物是（）。 A．阿昔洛韋 B．頭孢克洛 C．克霉唑 D．咪康唑 12．下列哪種藥物是胃腸動(dòng)力藥（）。 A．莨菪堿 B．多潘立酮 C．溴丙胺泰林 D．顛茄 13．可緩解輕中度疼痛、可用于退熱、治療風(fēng)濕熱、關(guān)節(jié)炎，也可預(yù)防鬧腦缺血、心肌梗塞、血栓形成的藥物是（）。 A．阿司匹林 B．對(duì)乙酰氨基酚 C．吲哚美辛 D．雙氯芬酸 14．適用于急慢性呼吸道系統(tǒng)感染引起的干咳的藥物是（）。 A．右美沙芬 B．沙丁胺醇 C．羧甲司坦 D．丙羥茶堿 15．商品名稱為“壽比山”，可用于輕中度原發(fā)性高血壓的藥物是（）。 A．普萘洛爾 B．科托普利 C．吲達(dá)帕胺D．尼群地平 16．可用于妊娠，放射病及抗癌藥所致嘔吐的藥物的是（） A．維生素B2 B．維生素A C．維生素B6 D．維生素C 17．某化學(xué)藥品的批準(zhǔn)文號(hào)為：國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字S10022665，它為（）藥物。 A．化學(xué)藥品 B．生物制品 C．進(jìn)口藥品 D．中成藥 18．為避免首過(guò)效應(yīng)，可將藥物制成的劑型是（）。 A．控釋片 B．多層片C．舌下片 D．腸溶片 19．具有降壓和抗心絞痛作用的藥物是（）。 A．吲噠帕胺B洛伐他汀C．硝苯地平D．卡托普利 20．藥物不良反應(yīng)中的“三致”不包括（）。 A．致畸 B．致癌 C．致突變 D．致聾 21．下列哪個(gè)藥用于治療抑郁癥（）。 A．尼可剎米B．吡拉西坦C．奮乃靜 D．阿米替林 22．下列哪個(gè)不是抗腫瘤藥（）。 A．阿苯達(dá)唑B．絲裂霉素 C．甲氨蝶呤 D．白消安 答案： 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 C 6 D 7 C 8 C 9 B 10 A 11 A 12 B 13 A 14 A 15 C 16 C 17 B 18 C 19 C 20 D 21 D 22 A 二 、選擇填空題（每題2分，共26分） 1．頭孢菌素從第一代到第四代對(duì)腎的毒性越來(lái)越（），對(duì)β內(nèi)酰胺酶的穩(wěn)定性逐漸（）。 2．對(duì)青霉素過(guò)敏或無(wú)效的肺炎選用（）類抗生素。 3．喹諾酮類藥物影響幼小動(dòng)物（）發(fā)育，因此該類藥物兒童禁用。 4．寫出3個(gè)降壓藥的名稱（）、（）、（）。 5．氨基糖苷類抗生素的主要的不良反應(yīng)是（）、（）、（）。 6．普萘洛爾可用于治療（）、（）、（）。 A高血壓、B腎毒性、C心律失常、D神經(jīng)肌肉阻滯、E心絞痛、F耳毒性、G卡托普利、H尼群地平、I大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類、J氯沙坦、K軟骨組織、L小、M強(qiáng) 答案： 1 L、M 2 I 3 K 4 G、H、J 5 B、D、F 6 A、C、E 三、簡(jiǎn)答題（30分） 1．中成藥使用時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)有哪些？（10分） 答案： 中成藥使用時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)有： 1）辨清癥候因病施治 按照中醫(yī)理論，中成藥應(yīng)用時(shí)必須辨清癥候。一般需分寒、熱、虛、實(shí)、新病、痼疾。 2）辨析藥名保證療效 中成藥品種繁多，名稱近似而易混淆者，不能只看藥名就輕易服藥，對(duì)藥名相似而功效不同的中成藥尤須注意。 3）避免各種服藥禁忌 服藥禁忌是人們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)期用藥中總結(jié)出來(lái)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，包括藥物配伍禁忌、妊娠用藥禁忌、飲食禁忌等。 4）高度重視毒副作用 運(yùn)用中成藥治療疾病，對(duì)易引起中毒反應(yīng)的中成藥，如含烏頭類藥物的制劑；含馬錢子的制劑；含蟾酥的制劑；含朱砂、輕粉的制劑；含雄黃、砒霜等的制劑，要遵醫(yī)囑服用，慎重使用。 5）遵循醫(yī)囑服用藥物 臨床用藥患者應(yīng)遵醫(yī)囑服藥，防止誤服、亂用、超量服。過(guò)效期藥品、變質(zhì)藥品不得使用。 6）詳細(xì)閱讀藥品說(shuō)明書 自行選購(gòu)非處方藥中成藥時(shí)，可咨詢駐店的執(zhí)業(yè)藥師或者其他依法經(jīng)資格認(rèn)定的藥學(xué)技術(shù)人員，避免盲目購(gòu)藥。 2．暑濕感冒的癥狀有哪些？說(shuō)出三種治療藥物。（10分） 暑濕感冒的癥狀有惡寒發(fā)熱，頭痛頭脹，胸膈痞滿，嘔惡納差，腹痛腹瀉，身體倦怠，口淡無(wú)味，食欲不振等?？蛇x用十滴水軟膠囊、藿香正氣口服液、六合定中丸、暑濕感冒顆粒、祛暑丸、保濟(jì)丸等治療。 3．注射劑的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)有哪些？（10分） 注射劑的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)有： ①藥效迅速、無(wú)首過(guò)效應(yīng)，療效可靠。尤其是靜脈注射，適用于搶救危重病人或提供能量；②適用于易被消化液破壞、首過(guò)效應(yīng)顯著、口服不易吸收或?qū)ο来碳ば暂^大的藥物，如青霉素、胰島素可被消化液破壞，鏈霉素口服不易吸收，制成注射劑后可發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的藥效；③對(duì)于不能吞咽、昏迷或嚴(yán)重嘔吐不能進(jìn)食的病人，可以經(jīng)注射給藥和補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)；④可通過(guò)局部麻醉藥注射、封閉療法、穴位注射等，產(chǎn)生特殊療效；此外某些注射劑還具有延長(zhǎng)藥效的作用，有些注射劑可以用于疾病診斷。 注射劑的缺點(diǎn)有：使用不便且產(chǎn)生疼痛；安全性較低；制備過(guò)程復(fù)雜，成本較高。 醫(yī)藥商品營(yíng)銷實(shí)務(wù)作業(yè)3（第6-11章） 綜合練習(xí)（藥品驗(yàn)收、陳列與養(yǎng)護(hù)及醫(yī)藥商品營(yíng)銷） 一、藥品分類陳列練習(xí)（30分） 現(xiàn)有30種藥品： 阿莫西林片、硝酸甘油氣霧劑、利巴韋林片、紅霉素腸溶衣片、增效聯(lián)磺片、開(kāi)塞露、撲熱息痛片、吲達(dá)帕胺片、布洛芬緩釋膠囊、雙氯芬酸鈉片、酚麻美敏片、諾氟沙星膠囊、復(fù)方氨酚烷胺片、美撲偽麻片、西咪替丁片、洛伐他汀片、地衣芽孢桿菌膠囊、卡托普利片、枸櫞酸鉍鉀膠囊、多潘立酮片、酵母片、美托洛爾片、果導(dǎo)片、雙氯芬酸二乙胺乳膠劑、麝香壯骨膏、硝苯地平片、金霉素眼膏、硝酸咪康唑乳膏、頭孢克洛膠囊、環(huán)吡酮胺乳膏。 請(qǐng)將上述藥物分為抗感染藥、心血管藥、感冒藥（非處方藥）、消化系統(tǒng)用藥（非處方藥）、外用藥（非處方藥）五類。 答案： 抗感染藥：阿莫西林片、利巴韋林片、頭孢克洛膠囊、紅霉素腸溶衣片、諾氟沙星膠囊、增效聯(lián)磺片 心血管用藥： 硝酸甘油氣霧劑、洛伐他汀片、卡托普利片、吲達(dá)帕胺片、硝苯地平片、美托洛爾片 感冒藥（非處方藥）：撲熱息痛片、布洛芬緩釋膠囊、雙氯芬酸鈉片、酚麻美敏片、復(fù)方氨酚烷胺片、美撲偽麻片 消化系統(tǒng)用藥（非處方藥）：西咪替丁片、地衣芽孢桿菌膠囊、枸櫞酸鉍鉀膠囊、多潘立酮片、酵母片、果導(dǎo)片 外用藥（非處方藥）：雙氯芬酸二乙胺乳膠劑、開(kāi)塞露、麝香壯骨膏、金霉素眼膏、硝酸咪康唑乳膏、環(huán)吡酮胺乳膏 二 藥品驗(yàn)收養(yǎng)護(hù)練習(xí)（20分） 1．自選1種藥物，填寫以下養(yǎng)護(hù)記錄（13分） 藥品養(yǎng)護(hù)記錄表 品名 規(guī)格 單位 數(shù)量 批準(zhǔn) 文號(hào) 生產(chǎn) 批號(hào) 有效期 生產(chǎn) 企業(yè) 貯存 地點(diǎn) 質(zhì)量 情況 處理 意見(jiàn) 備注 養(yǎng)護(hù)員 2．胰島素應(yīng)怎么保管養(yǎng)護(hù)？（7分） 答案： 在2～8℃避光干燥處保存冷藏，不得冷凍，每月檢查冷藏室的溫濕度是否符合儲(chǔ)存要求，并做好養(yǎng)護(hù)記錄。 三 處方分析練習(xí)（20分） 對(duì)該處方進(jìn)行分析，說(shuō)出處方中縮寫的含義，看其結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，診斷與用藥是否相符，是否有配伍禁忌。 醫(yī)院處方箋 費(fèi)別： 骨 科 姓名 性別 年齡 60 單位 病案號(hào) 病情及診斷： 骨關(guān)節(jié)炎 R： 吲哚美辛25mg 24 Sig 25mg t.i.d p.o p.c 環(huán)丙沙星0.25 24 Sig 0.5 s.i.d p.o a.c 醫(yī) 師年 月 日 藥費(fèi) XX 計(jì)價(jià)員XX 調(diào)配 XX 核對(duì)XX 發(fā)藥XX 1）請(qǐng)說(shuō)出處方中縮寫含義 2）找出處方中的問(wèn)題 答案： 1） R：??；Sig：用法；t.i.d：一天三次；s.i.d：一日一次；p.o：口服； p.c：飯后；a.c：飯后 2）處方缺少醫(yī)師簽字；日期填寫不完整；關(guān)節(jié)炎不是細(xì)菌感染；非細(xì)菌感染可不用環(huán)丙沙星；環(huán)丙沙星應(yīng)b.i.d 四、問(wèn)病售藥環(huán)節(jié)練習(xí)（30分） 1．某患者一到春暖花開(kāi)的時(shí)候，就臉上起紅點(diǎn)，非常癢，請(qǐng)問(wèn)用什么藥比較好？（15分） 答案： 病癥判斷——花粉過(guò)敏 一般治療——首先切斷過(guò)敏源，避免再次接觸花粉 藥物治療——抗過(guò)敏藥氯雷他定、特非那定、馬來(lái)酸氯苯那敏、苯海拉明等 注意：馬來(lái)酸氯苯那敏、苯海拉明有嗜睡副作用，機(jī)動(dòng)車司機(jī)及高空作業(yè)者工作期間應(yīng)避免使用。 2．某患者近來(lái)，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)胃部不舒服，主要是燒心、上腹部疼痛，還有吐酸水，不想吃東西，你認(rèn)為是什么問(wèn)題,請(qǐng)推薦幾種藥品。（15分） 答案： 疾病判斷——胃酸分泌過(guò)多 一般治療——生活作息有規(guī)律，戒煙限酒，少吃刺激性食物 藥物治療——碳酸氫鈉、奧美拉唑、西咪替丁、雷尼替丁、枸櫞酸鉍鉀、硫糖鋁等 醫(yī)藥商品營(yíng)銷實(shí)務(wù)作業(yè)4（第12-14章） 案例分析（共100分） 1．討論 ：A公司因向B公司購(gòu)買貨物，在其開(kāi)戶銀行C開(kāi)出銀行承兌匯票一張，B為受款人。B公司將匯票轉(zhuǎn)讓給D公司，D公司又轉(zhuǎn)讓給了E公司。在票據(jù)到期日之前，E公司向C銀行請(qǐng)求承兌時(shí)，遭到銀行拒絕。請(qǐng)問(wèn)：C銀行是否有承兌的義務(wù)？E公司應(yīng)當(dāng)向何人行使追索權(quán)？（10分） 答案： 1）銀行C沒(méi)有承兌義務(wù)（5分） 2）E公司應(yīng)向D公司行使追索權(quán)（5分） 2．計(jì)算：某藥店全年商品銷售額為500萬(wàn)，年初商品資金占用額為70萬(wàn)元，一季度末為65萬(wàn)，二季度末為60萬(wàn)，三季度末為63萬(wàn)，年末為58萬(wàn)（均為售價(jià)），估算綜合進(jìn)銷差價(jià)為10%，求該藥店年商品資金占用率為多少？求商品資金周轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)與商品資金周轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù)？（20分） 答案： 年平均商品資金占用額（售價(jià)）=（70/2 + 65 + 60 + 63 + 58/2）/4 =63 年平均商品資金占用額（進(jìn)價(jià)）=63 X （1-10%）=56.7 年商品資金占用率=56.7/[500 X (1-0.1)] = 12.6% 年商品資金周轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù) = [500 X (1-0.1)] / 56.7 =7.9次 年商品資金周轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù) = 360 / 7.9 =45.6天 3．以某一產(chǎn)品為載體，組成4～6人工作小組。以小組為單位根據(jù)產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn)確定宣傳方案。在明確活動(dòng)主題、人員分工的情況下，自行落實(shí)活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地、活動(dòng)形式、活動(dòng)內(nèi)容以促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品銷售。要求在促銷方案中包含促銷主題、活動(dòng)方法、活動(dòng)人員、時(shí)間地點(diǎn)等促銷的各要素?；顒?dòng)結(jié)束后根據(jù)本組活動(dòng)情況做工作總結(jié)。（30分） 答案： 1）促銷方案（20分） 2）工作總結(jié)（10分） 4．正確填寫某一商品調(diào)價(jià)單；根據(jù)商品調(diào)價(jià)單新金額填寫營(yíng)業(yè)日?qǐng)?bào)表、新標(biāo)價(jià)簽。（50分） 答案： 1）商品調(diào)價(jià)單（16分） 商品調(diào)價(jià)單 填報(bào)部門：調(diào)價(jià)通知單日期：年月日調(diào)價(jià)通知文號(hào)： 貨號(hào) 品名 單位 數(shù)量 零售單價(jià) 加或減 單位差價(jià) 增加金額 減少金額 原售價(jià) 新售價(jià) 合 計(jì) 門店經(jīng)理：核算員：物價(jià)員： 2）營(yíng)業(yè)日?qǐng)?bào)表（20分） 商品內(nèi)部調(diào)撥單 調(diào)出柜組：年月日調(diào)進(jìn)柜組： 貨號(hào) 品名 單位 數(shù)量 購(gòu)進(jìn)價(jià) 零售價(jià) 進(jìn)銷 差價(jià) 單位 金額 單位 金額 合計(jì) 調(diào)出部門經(jīng)辦人： 調(diào)進(jìn)部門經(jīng)辦人： 商品進(jìn)銷存日?qǐng)?bào)表 柜組：年月日單位：元 項(xiàng)目 金額 項(xiàng)目 金額 昨日結(jié)存 本日銷售 增加部分 本日購(gòu)進(jìn) 減少部分 本日調(diào)出 本日調(diào)入 調(diào)價(jià)減值 調(diào)價(jià)增值 盤點(diǎn)短缺 盤點(diǎn)溢余 本日結(jié)存 合計(jì) 合計(jì) 本月銷售定額 本月銷售累計(jì) 組長(zhǎng)： 復(fù)核：制表 3）商品價(jià)簽（4分） 價(jià)簽：商品名　單價(jià)　　日期　　物價(jià)員  請(qǐng)您務(wù)必刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O萬(wàn)分謝謝?。?！2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過(guò)小抄 Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailands Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the "free-visa" scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that countrys missions inBeijing,Shanghai,GuangzhouorHong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassys information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: "Weve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced." During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. "The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China," says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. "Bali isnt just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities," says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesias national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, inGuangdongprovince, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the "Paris of Java", is ideal for adventure-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when it doesntrainmuch and the weather is cool. At press time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,000 yuan ($480) on Ctrips website. Chinese tourists have taken a shine to rafting in Ubud, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in Nusa Lembongan, says Dai. Civet coffee, essential oil and woodcarvings are among the most popular products for Chinese tourists in Indonesia, she says. Indonesian food is also something that visitors shouldnt miss. Local cuisines feature many spices, including peppers and cloves, and coconut pulp. Fried rice, "dirty duck" and roast suckling pig are recommended. Childrens illustration books first appeared in the 1600s in Europe. Their passage to China, however, took much longer, roughly 300 years. In China, childrens illustration books have a history of just 100 years and their development can be divided into four stages. From early 1900s to mid 1900s, a large number of books and magazines with illustrations appeared with the fast development of the modern publishing industry. The illustrationarts at that time were a mixed genre of Chinese traditionalpaintings and the westernstyle, and most of the stories originate from the fundamental changes that China experienced after the collapse of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the warlord struggles and the war against the Japanese invasion. The second stage was from mid 1900s to late 1970s, when the "cultural revolution" (1966-76) ended. The fast development of some special publishing houses for children gave birth to a large number of illustration-story books, which made a good use of folk art techniques, such as wood board carving, frescoes, and ink and wash painting, etc. Many of the popular stories are from Chinese history and wars after 1900s. The third stage is from early 1980s to late 1990s, a golden period for the development of childrens illustration books. The reform and opening-up brought in new concepts and ideas from the West to China, a country that had been closed to the West for nearly three decades. Fast development of economy, society and culture provided the writers and painters with a lot of inspiration to create new literature works and draw illustrations. China also imported large amounts of childrens illustration books from the West and Japan. Many young parents in China have a strong nostalgia about childrens illustration books they read in the 1980s and 1990s. This is also the last era in Chinas artistic innovation before the advent of the Internet period. The fourth stage is featured with the spread of the Internet and the other computerized means of art innovation. The hand-drawn childrens illustration books are gradually replaced by cartoons drawn and copied by software and machines, and shown on tablets, computers, television and smart phones, instead of books. Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden is natures haven, with no less than 4,000 rare birds and animals representing 200 species. With tropical forest covering over 90 percent of its area, the garden offers beautiful views of a wide range of tropical plants, flowers and fruit trees. The scenic spot about 25 kilometers from the center of Haikou offers a drive-thru safari tour where you can get up close with elephants, lions and bears. The "Safari on Foot" area features walking trails where visitors can see the rest of the animals, including hippos and monkeys, and feed them for a small fee. Visitors also can see what happens when you breed a lion and a tiger. Two unique attractions are rare hybrids: a liger, the offspring of a mallion and a female tiger and a tigon, which is created by a female lion and a male tiger. As ateaching center of the National Popular Science Education program, the park also serves as a second classroom for students to learn about wildlife and plants. Since it was established in 1995, it has received more than one million student visitors. At a crucial moment when pessimism has brought the Greek crisis to such a head that the country is closer to a default on its debt repayments than ever, Li offered a spark of enthusiasm to restart the stalled talks by calling on Greece and its creditors to reach a last-minute deal that will allow Greece to remain in the eurozone. Given the escalation of the countrys crisis over the weekend sent a shock wave through the global stock markets on Monday, there are ample reasons to worry about the uncertainties surrounding the events in Greece and the effect a default would have on Europe, relations between China and the EU, global financial stability and the nascent global economic recovery. Greece has announced that it will hold a referendum on a bailout plan proposed last week by the countrys creditors. In response, Greeces eurozone partners have refused to extend the countrys bailout program and the European Central Bank capped its emergency support for the countrys banks. A real danger now looms of Greece exiting the euro, which might derail the global economic recovery and damage the long-term viability of the euro as a currency. However, such a tragedy is neither certain nor unavoidable. The EU should shoulder its responsibility to prevent the Greek crisis from overshadowing the fragile global recovery. As a major customer and supplier of the 28-nation EU, and a responsible long-term holder of Eurobonds, Chinas confidence in and commitment to a strong eurozone offers EU leaders the necessary support to look at the Greek crisis from a broader and longer perspective. When Li said that China will not only consider a China-EU investment platform to back European Commission President Jean-Claude Junckers plan to revive the European economy, but also buy more bonds issued by the European Investment Bank, EU leaders should be clear that China wants to see the EU maintain its integrity and a forward trajectory. Such a confidence-building effort is particularly valuable, especially from such a large country as China which already has a huge stake and seeks to further expand it in a strong eurozone. It will be a tragedy to allow inaction over the Greek crisis to stand in the way of growth-boosting Sino-EU cooperation. Like a shining pearl, West Lake is the symbol of Hangzhou city. From ancient times, many poems have praised the amazing scenery of the lake. At the very beginning, the West Lake was a part of the Qiantang River. In the year 822, Bai Juyi, a famous poet and an officer of the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907), suggested to build a stronger causeway to store water so that the lake was doubled in size. And during the Song Dynasty (AD 960-1279), many temples and pagodas were built due to a Buddhist revival, and the look of West Lake was formed at that time. The West Lake is quite big and features different classic views from different locations. Technically, there are ten scenes which were marked by Emperor Qianlong with four-character inscriptions 200 years ago, such as the Melting Snow on the Broken Bridge and Sunset Glow over Leifeng Pagoda.