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摘要 20 世紀(jì) 50 年代我過(guò)的液壓工業(yè)才開(kāi)始 液壓元件初用于鍛壓和機(jī) 床設(shè)備上 六十年代有了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展 滲透到了各個(gè)工業(yè)部門 在工 程機(jī)械 冶金 機(jī)床 汽車等工業(yè)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用 如今液壓系統(tǒng) 技術(shù)向著高壓 高速 高效率 高集成等方向發(fā)展 同時(shí) 新元件的應(yīng) 計(jì)算機(jī)的仿真和優(yōu)化等工作 也取得了卓越的成效 機(jī)械工程主要配套件有動(dòng)力元傳動(dòng)元件 液壓元件及電器元件等 內(nèi)燃式柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是目前工程機(jī)械動(dòng)力元件其本上都采用的 傳動(dòng)分為 機(jī)械傳動(dòng) 液力機(jī)械傳動(dòng)等 液力機(jī)械傳動(dòng)是現(xiàn)在最普遍使用的 液壓 液壓元件主要有泵 缸 密封件和液壓附件 當(dāng)前 我過(guò)液壓件也已從低壓到高壓形成系列 我過(guò)機(jī)械工業(yè)引進(jìn) 并吸收新技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行好好研究 活的可符合國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的液壓產(chǎn)品 并進(jìn)一步的優(yōu)化自己的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) 得到性能更好符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的產(chǎn)品 國(guó)外的工程機(jī)械配套件的體電視成產(chǎn)悠久 技術(shù)成熟 生產(chǎn)集中度高 品牌效應(yīng)突出 主機(jī)和配套件事相互影響 相互促進(jìn)的 當(dāng)下 國(guó)外工 程機(jī)械配套件的發(fā)展形勢(shì)較好 最近這些年國(guó)外的工程機(jī)械有一種趨勢(shì) 就是主機(jī)的制造企業(yè)逐步 向組裝企業(yè)方向發(fā)展 配套件由供應(yīng)商提供 沒(méi)過(guò)的凱斯 卡特彼勒 瑞典的沃爾沃登時(shí)世界上實(shí)力最強(qiáng)的主機(jī)制造企業(yè) 氣配套件的配套能 力也非常強(qiáng) 數(shù)量上也是逐年大幅的增長(zhǎng) 配套件主要有零部件制造企 業(yè)來(lái)提供 在科技大爆炸的今天 計(jì)算機(jī)技師 網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù) 通信技術(shù)等現(xiàn)在信 息技術(shù)對(duì)人類的生產(chǎn)生活長(zhǎng)生了前所未有的影響 這也是今后制造業(yè)的 發(fā)展 設(shè)計(jì)方法和制造方法模式的改變指明了方向 為數(shù)字化的設(shè)計(jì)資 源與制造資源的遠(yuǎn)程共享 提高產(chǎn)品效率奠定了基礎(chǔ) 目前 在液壓領(lǐng) 域中 特別是中小企業(yè)在就你想液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)時(shí) 存在零部件種 類繁多 系統(tǒng)集成復(fù)雜 參考文獻(xiàn)缺乏等一系列困難 而遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)計(jì)服務(wù) 可以解決這些問(wèn)題 關(guān)鍵詞 工程機(jī)械 機(jī)床 機(jī)械傳動(dòng) 冶金 Abstract The 1950 s I a hydraulic industrial began hydraulic components and machine tool equipment used for forging early on 60 s have a further development steals the various industrial department s engineering machinery metallurgy machine tools automotive industry etc have been widely used Now to high pressure hydraulic system technology high speed high efficiency high integration development direction Meanwhile new components of the computer simulation and optimization should work also got outstanding achievements Mechanical engineering major fittings to have power transmission components hydraulic components and electrical components etc Internal combustion engine is the type diesel power engineering machinery components of its this used to drive into the mechanical transmission and hydraulic transmission machinery etc Hydraulic mechanical transmission is now the most commonly used Hydraulic pump and hydraulic elements are mainly cylinder seal and hydraulic accessories Current I have also set up hydraulic parts from the low pressure to high pressure formation series I machinery industry and introduction to absorb new technology is conducted on the basis of good research live with the international standard of hydraulic products And further optimize their industrial structure get better performance products meet the national standards Foreign engineering machinery fittings of the body in the production of a television mature technology production concentration is high the brand effect is prominent The host and fittings things influence each other and promote each other At the moment the foreign engineering machinery accessories development situation is better Recent years foreign engineering machinery is a trend and is host of manufacturing enterprises gradually to the assembly enterprises development direction fittings by the supplier The case didn t caterpillar Sweden s Volvo world connection the strongest of host manufacturing enterprise gas fittings are very strong ability of form a complete set on the amount is year after year sharp growth fittings mainly parts manufacturing enterprise to provide In science and technology of the big bang today computer technician network technology the communication technology and information technology on human now production and life of the influence of the unprecedented longevity This is also the development of the manufacturing industry in future the design methods and manufacturing methods model of change pointed out the direction for the design of the digital resources and manufacturing resource remote Shared and improve the efficiency of the products to lay the foundation At present in the hydraulic field especially small and medium sized enterprises in it you want to hydraulic transmission system design auto parts various kinds and system integration complex lack of reference a series of difficulties and remote design services can solve these problems Key words engineering machinery machine tool mechanical drive metallurgy 目 錄 第一章 液壓傳動(dòng)技術(shù) 1 1 1 液壓傳動(dòng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展 1 1 2 液壓傳動(dòng)技術(shù)的基本原理及應(yīng)用 1 1 3 液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的組成 2 1 4 液壓傳動(dòng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 2 1 4 1 液壓傳動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 2 1 4 2 液壓傳動(dòng)的缺點(diǎn) 3 第二章 擠出機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 4 2 1 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 4 2 2 控制系統(tǒng)分析 4 2 2 2 上下機(jī)頭開(kāi)合系統(tǒng) 6 2 2 3 口型盒上下夾持 7 2 2 4 楔形邊鎖緊缸 8 第三章 液壓缸的設(shè)計(jì) 10 3 1 液壓缸設(shè)計(jì)介紹 10 3 1 1 液壓缸的組成 10 3 1 2 液壓缸的靜態(tài)特征 10 3 1 3 液壓缸的設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)及注意事項(xiàng) 10 3 1 4 設(shè)計(jì)步驟 11 3 2 液壓缸主要尺寸的確定 11 3 2 1 液壓缸工作壓力的確定 11 3 2 2 液壓缸內(nèi)徑 D 和活塞桿直徑 d 的確定 11 3 2 3 液壓缸壁厚和外徑計(jì)算 12 3 2 4 液壓缸工作行程的確定 13 3 2 5 最小導(dǎo)向長(zhǎng)度的確定 13 3 2 6 缸體長(zhǎng)度的確定 13 3 3 液壓缸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 13 3 3 1 缸體與缸蓋的連接形式 13 3 3 2 活塞桿與活塞的連接結(jié)構(gòu) 14 3 3 3 活塞桿導(dǎo)向部分的結(jié)構(gòu) 14 3 3 4 活塞及活塞桿處密封圈的選用 14 3 3 5 液壓缸的緩沖裝置 14 3 3 6 液壓缸的排氣裝置 14 3 3 7 液壓缸的安裝連接結(jié)構(gòu) 14 3 3 8 液壓缸主要零件的材料 14 第四章 集成油路的設(shè)計(jì) 16 4 1 液壓元件安裝連接形式的確定 16 4 1 1 按系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式確定 16 4 1 2 按閥類元件的配置形式確定 16 4 2 液壓油路板的結(jié)構(gòu) 17 4 3 液壓油路板的設(shè)計(jì) 17 4 3 1 分析液壓系統(tǒng) 確定液壓油路板數(shù)目 17 4 3 2 制做液壓元件樣板 18 4 3 3 液壓元件的布局 18 4 3 4 確定油孔的位置和尺寸 18 4 3 5 繪制液壓油路板零件圖 19 4 4 液壓油箱的設(shè)計(jì) 19 4 4 1 液壓油箱有效容積的確定 19 4 4 2 液壓油箱的外形設(shè)計(jì) 20 4 4 3 液壓油箱的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 20 第五章 液壓系統(tǒng)的維護(hù)與保養(yǎng) 23 5 1 液壓系統(tǒng)的污染控制 23 5 1 1 油液污染的危害 23 5 1 2 污染物的種類 23 5 1 3 污染物的來(lái)源 24 5 2 液壓系統(tǒng)的維護(hù) 24 結(jié)論 27 參考文獻(xiàn) 28 致 謝 29