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挖掘機(jī)液壓控制系統(tǒng)分析并用simulink仿真

摘  要

回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)是液壓挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的重要子系統(tǒng)中的一部分，對(duì)于小型液壓挖掘機(jī)，由于其質(zhì)量和負(fù)載質(zhì)量的提高，回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)具有大慣性負(fù)載系統(tǒng)、回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)和制動(dòng)特性等特點(diǎn)，提高了復(fù)合作用和回轉(zhuǎn)臂的協(xié)調(diào)性差。所以它的性能的好與不好將直接影響著挖掘機(jī)的機(jī)能。為全面的挖掘機(jī)回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)液壓挖掘機(jī)的目的，從回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)特性的理論分析，在回轉(zhuǎn)制動(dòng)溢流系統(tǒng)，機(jī)器在三個(gè)方面提升復(fù)合動(dòng)作手臂的協(xié)調(diào)。回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)仿真與改進(jìn)系統(tǒng)。結(jié)果表明，改進(jìn)后的系統(tǒng)具有較好的回轉(zhuǎn)緩沖效果。緩沖效果有利于提高所有液壓系統(tǒng)的可靠性。

總結(jié)了液壓挖掘機(jī)回轉(zhuǎn)平臺(tái)的一般運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律，建立非全周開(kāi)口的閥控回轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)的圖與傳遞函數(shù);對(duì)液壓回路的理論分析表明，臂架轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)與吊臂的差異是回轉(zhuǎn)的原因回路和動(dòng)臂回路之間存在著耦合關(guān)系。

    利用液壓仿真軟件Simulink建立仿真模型，把仿真結(jié)果與改進(jìn)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，考證仿真模型的正確性。對(duì)回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)的平衡閥，溢流閥，液壓馬達(dá)，液壓油泵進(jìn)行模擬建模仿真。由輸出仿真曲線分析得出:優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)前后的回路的液壓系統(tǒng)影響規(guī)律，是否得到了比較好的回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)緩沖結(jié)果。效果好的同時(shí)對(duì)于提升全部回轉(zhuǎn)液壓系統(tǒng)可靠性的特性。

關(guān)鍵詞:液壓挖掘機(jī)；回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)；平穩(wěn)性；simulink

ABSTRACT

    The rotary system is an important part of system of excavator hydraulic system of hydraulic excavator for small, due to its quality and improve the quality of load, rotating systems with large inertia load system, rotary system starting and braking characteristics, improve the coordination compound and rotary arm difference. So it's performance good or bad will directly affect the function of the excavator hydraulic excavator system. For the purpose of comprehensive analysis of the excavator, from the starting characteristics of rotary system theory in slewing brake overflow system, machine coordination in three aspects to enhance the composite movement of the arm. The simulation and improvement of the system of rotary system. The results show that the system improved after having rotary good cushioning effect. The buffering effect is beneficial to improve the reliability of hydraulic system.

   Summarizes the general regularity of slewing platform of hydraulic excavator, a non-circular opening of the valve control of rotary motor diagram and the transfer function of the hydraulic circuit; the theoretical analysis shows that the differences between the arm rotation and the boom is a coupling relationship between the rotary reason and boom loop circuit.

   To establish the simulation model using Simulink hydraulic simulation software. The simulation results were compared with the improvement of the system, verify the simulation model. The system of the rotary balance valve, relief valve, hydraulic motor, hydraulic pump simulation modeling and simulation. The simulation curve obtained by the output: influence of hydraulic system optimization design before and after the loop. Whether the rotary buffer relatively good results. At the same time to enhance the effect of all characteristics of slewing hydraulic system reliability.

Key words: hydraulic excavator, rotary system, stability, simulink

目  錄

1 緒論 1

1.1 挖掘機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 1

1.2 液壓系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介 2

1.3 液壓挖掘機(jī)回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)的概述 2

1.3.1 回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)的工作原理 3

1.3.2 回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)的典型操作條件 3

1.3.3 回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)平穩(wěn)性 4

1.4 本論文研究?jī)?nèi)容 4

2 回轉(zhuǎn)液壓系統(tǒng)分析 5

2.1 回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)液壓挖掘機(jī)的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀 6

2.2 液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖 7

2.3 挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)分析 7

2.3.1 回轉(zhuǎn)液壓回路分析 7

3 挖掘機(jī)中的液壓回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)的特性 9

3.1 挖掘機(jī)液壓回轉(zhuǎn)一般運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律 9

3.2 閥控回轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)特性分析 10

3.3 回轉(zhuǎn)與動(dòng)臂液壓系統(tǒng)特性 12

4 回轉(zhuǎn)液壓系統(tǒng)控制的仿真 14

4.1 液壓系統(tǒng)仿真模塊建立 14

4.1.1 液壓油泵模塊 15

4.1.2 液壓馬達(dá)模塊 16

4.1.3 溢流閥模塊 16

4.1.4 平衡閥模塊 17

4.2 回轉(zhuǎn)液壓系統(tǒng)仿真模型建立 18

4.3 仿真圖得出的結(jié)論 22

結(jié)論 23

參考文獻(xiàn) 24

致謝 25