摘 要
驅(qū)動(dòng)橋位于傳動(dòng)系末端，其基本功用是增矩、降速，承受作用于路面和車架或車身之家的作用力。它的性能的好壞直接影響整車性能，而對(duì)于載重汽車顯得尤其重要。當(dāng)采用大功率發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)輸出大的轉(zhuǎn)矩以滿足目前載重汽車的快速、重載的高效率、高效益的需要時(shí)，必須搭配一個(gè)高效、可靠的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，所以采用傳動(dòng)效率高的單級(jí)減速驅(qū)動(dòng)橋已經(jīng)成為未來載重汽車的發(fā)展方向。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)主要保證汽車在給定的條件下具有最佳的動(dòng)力性和燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性。本設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)給定的參數(shù)，按照傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法并參考同類型車確定汽車總體參數(shù)，再確定主減速器、差速器、半軸、和橋殼的結(jié)構(gòu)類型，最后進(jìn)行參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)并對(duì)主減速器主從動(dòng)齒輪、半軸齒輪和行星齒輪進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度以及壽命的校核。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)過程中基本保證結(jié)構(gòu)合理，符合實(shí)際應(yīng)用，總成紀(jì)律部件的設(shè)計(jì)能盡量滿足零件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、部件的通用化和產(chǎn)品的系列化及汽車變型的要求，維修保養(yǎng)方便，機(jī)件工藝性好，制造容易。
關(guān)鍵詞：微型貨車；驅(qū)動(dòng)橋；主減速器；差速器
Abstract
Drive axle is at the end of the powertrain, and its basic function is increasing the torque and reducing the speed, bearing the force between the road and the frame or body. Its performance will have a direct impact on automobile performance. Because using the big power engine with the big driving torque satisfied the need of high speed, heavy-loaded, high efficiency ,high benefit today heavy truck , must exploiting the high driven efficiency single reduction final drive axle is becoming the heavy truck developing tendency . drive axle should be designed to ensure the best dynamic and fuel economy on given condition . According to the design parameters given , firstly determine the overall vehicle parametres in accordance with the traditional design methods and reference the same vehicle parameters , then identify the main reducer , differential , axle and axle housing structure type , finally design the parameters of the main gear ,the driven gear of the final drive, axle gears and spiral bevel gear and check the strength and life of them. In design process of the drive axle ,we should ensure a resonable structure , practical applications, the standardization of parts , components and products univertiality and the seralization and change , convenience of repair and maintenance , good mechanical technology ,being easy to manufacture.
Key words: light truck ; drive axle ; single reduction ;final drive
目 錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1目的和意義 1
1.2卸汽車定義、組成、功用 1
1.3國(guó)內(nèi)外高位自卸汽車的發(fā)展概況 3
1.4高位自卸汽車發(fā)展方向與前景 5
1.5本次設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容 5
第2章 高位自卸汽車設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 7
2.1高位自卸汽車升高機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與分析 7
2.1.1L型舉升機(jī)構(gòu) 7
2.1.2 平行四邊形舉升機(jī)構(gòu) 8
2.1.3 剪式舉升機(jī)構(gòu) 9
2.2 傾卸機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)與分析 11
2.2.1油缸直推式定 11
2.2.2 杠桿平衡式（油缸后推杠桿組合式） 12
2.2.3油缸后推連桿組合式（加伍德舉升臂式） 13
2.2.4油缸浮動(dòng)連桿式（強(qiáng)力型） 14
2.2.5 前推杠桿組合式 14
2.2.6 俯沖式 15
第3章 高位自卸汽車設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 16
3.1 高位自卸汽車底盤的選擇 16
3.2高位升高機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 19
3.2.1 高位升高機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析 19
3.3 高位傾卸機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 24
3.3.1 舉升工作原理 24
3.3.2 受力分析 25
3.3.3傾卸機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)校核計(jì)算 30
第4章 液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 32
4.1液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)分析 32
4.1.1油缸選型與計(jì)算 32
4.1.2 油箱容積與油管內(nèi)徑計(jì)算 34
4.2液壓系統(tǒng)參數(shù)計(jì)算 35
4.2.1油缸選型確定 35
4.2.2分配閥選型 36
4.2.3油箱容積與管路內(nèi)徑確定 36
4.3取力器的選擇 37
4.3.1取力器布置方案選擇 37
4.3.2取力器基本參數(shù)選擇 38
第5章 高位自卸基本性能參數(shù)計(jì)算 39
5.1 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力性 39
5.1.1發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的外特性 39
5.1.2 汽車行駛方程式 41
5.1.3 動(dòng)力性評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo) 42
5.1.4 整車動(dòng)力性計(jì)算 44
5.2 高位自卸汽車穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算 47
5.2.1高位自卸汽車運(yùn)輸狀態(tài)穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算 47
5.2.2高位自卸汽車卸貨時(shí)穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算 48
參考文獻(xiàn) 50
附 錄： 51
致 謝 55
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