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Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world,Grammar and usage,The man _______ (call) “Good husband”.,is called,The pet dog _______________ (treat) by veterinary.,is being treated,A frog __________ (catch) by a big bird just now.,was caught,An argument _____ already __________ __________ (put forward).,has been put forward,be + done,The passive voice,Point out the verb, the subject and the object in the following sentences:,We kept food in the fridge.,We must close the windows and the door.,,,,S,V.,O.,,,,S,V.,O,Food was kept (by us) in the fridge.,,,The windows and the door must be closed.,How can we change a sentence into passive voice ?,1.Find out the object of the sentence and use it as the subject of the sentence with the passive voice.,2.Decide the tense of the sentence and use the related form of its passive.,3. If necessary, use “by” to join the former subject, which should be put into its object form.,When do we use the passive voice?,Many houses will be built here.,1. 不知道或沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者。,The song “The East is Red” was written by a poor peasant.,2. 強調(diào)動作的承受者。,The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.,3. 動作的執(zhí)行者有較長的修飾語。,You are requested to attend the meeting.,4. 出于禮貌, 不愿意說出動作的執(zhí)行者。,Change the following sentences into the passive voice:,1.All of us like her.,2.We are discussing the question.,3.We have put off the meeting.,4.I will develop my picture next week.,She is liked by all of us.,The question is being discussed.,The meeting has been put off.,My picture will be developed next week.,be,+ done,,am/is/are 一般現(xiàn)在時,am/is/are+ being 現(xiàn)在進行時,shall/will+ be 一般將來時,have/has+ been 現(xiàn)在完成時,,,,be,+ done,,was/were 一般過去時,was/were+ being 過去進行時,would+ be 過去將來時,had+ been 過去完成時,,,,Please read Point 3 on Page 48.,Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given:,I __________ (give) a new book by my father on my birthday. English __________ (find) very useful. 3. The work ______________ (finish) tomorrow. 4. The flowers _______________ (water) by them now.,was given,is found,will be finished,are being watered,5. The railway ______________ (build) this time last year. 6. The new way ____ already _________ (build). 7. The new railway ____________ (build) by the end of last year. 8. He told me the sports meeting _____________ (hold) the next month. 9. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of the States.,was being built,has,been built,had been built,would be held,is grown,Change the following sentences into passive voice and ask questions about the underlined parts:,1. We will build many new sports venues for the Beijing Olympics.,Many new sports venues will be built for the Beijing Olympics.,What will be built for the Beijing Olympics?,2. I was watching the final match on TV yesterday evening.,3. John carried the Canadian flag at the opening of the Olympics.,The final match was being watched yesterday evening.,Where was the final match being watched yesterday?,The Canadian flag was carried by John at the opening of the Olympics.,Who (Whom) was the Canadian flag carried by at the Olympics?,4. We have made the flags by hand.,5.I will take care of your dog while you are away.,The flags have been made by hand.,How have the flags been made?,Your dog will be taken care of while you are away.,What will be taken care of while you are away?,Answer Page 49.,are being the Electric Wear Company 3. been developed 4. was invented 5. are used 6. been completed 7. will be produced 8. will be 9. been announced 10. are cleaned/ can be cleaned,Modal verb + be + done,We can use modal verbs in the passive voice to talk about ability, possibility, duty, permission, etc.,Firefighters could be trained using RealCine.,Computers can calculate the position of the viewer at any time.,The position of the viewer can be calculated at any time.,,Practice,1.The viewer can touch the objects in the film.,2.The viewer may feel a real sense of achievement and happiness.,3.RealCine might not impress some viewers.,The objects in the film can be touched.,A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt.,Some viewers might not be impressed by RealCine.,4.Teachers could use RealCine in the classroom too.,5.Film-makers should use RealCine for all films.,6.Scientists ought to develop RealCine further.,7.The viewer must wear special gloves.,RealCine could be used in the classroom too.,RealCine should be used for all films.,RealCine ought to be developed further.,Special gloves must be worn.,Answer Page 50.,can be reduced must be taken 3. must be worn 4. may become 5. ought to be reduced,被動語態(tài)的各種句型,1. 單賓語結(jié)構(gòu)。,Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in teaching English.,,A tape-recorder is often used (by our English teacher) in teaching English.,The villagers gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.,The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers.,A warm welcome was given to the foreign guests by the villagers.,We offered people in the flooded areas some food and clothes.,2. 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)。,People in the flooded areas were offered some food and clothes.,Some food and clothes were offered to the people in the flooded areas.,,,,,3. 復合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)。,They heard someone singing in the next room.,object,Object complement,,Someone was heard singing in the next room.,在主動語態(tài)中，有些使役動詞和感官動詞后接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。 但在被動語態(tài)中，要改為帶to的不定式作主語補足語。如: see/hear/make sb. do sth. Sb. be seen/heard/made to do sth.,They saw the boy fall from the tree.,The boy was seen to fall from the tree.,,4. 短語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。相當于及物動詞的短語動詞也可以有被動語態(tài)。 如: look after, give up, take care of, pay attention to, make use of, put off, wake up, put out 等。,The children are taken good care of.,The big fire has been put out.,孩子們得到了很好的照顧。 大火已經(jīng)撲滅了。,特別注意,1. 只有及物動詞和及物動詞短語才可以有被動語態(tài)。 不及物動詞，不及物動詞短語或系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。 如: happen, go on, take place, belong to, sound, feel等。,Correct mistakes:,This room is belonged to me.,This music is sounded sweet.,,belongs to,,sounds,2. 有些動詞常用主動形式表示被動的意思，如: open, write, read, sell, wash, measure 等。,,Your article reads well.,This type of car sells well in China.,This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide.,It is said that … It is reported that … It is hoped that … It is well known that … It is believed that … It must be pointed out that …,3. 在一些固定句型中常用被動語態(tài)。 如：,It is reported that another man-made satellite will be sent into the moon next month.,Another man-made satellite is reported to be sent into the moon next month.,據(jù)報道,下個月又一顆人造衛(wèi)星將會被發(fā)送到月球上。,The three missing sailors are believed to have drowned.,It is believed that the three missing sailors have drowned.,人們認為這三個失蹤的海員已經(jīng)淹死了。,It is said that Li Ping will study abroad.,Li Ping is said to study abroad.,It is said that Li Ping is studying abroad.,Li Ping is said to be studying abroad.,Li Ping is said to have studied abroad.,Li Ping is said to have been studying abroad.,It is said that Li Ping studied abroad.,It is said that Li Ping has been studying abroad.,,,,,被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu),被動語態(tài)表示動作，句子主語是該動作的承受者，過去分詞表示動作；而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示狀態(tài)，說明主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)。,The long novel was written by Mr. Lu Xun in the 1920s.,The long novel is well written, isn’t it ?,The glass was broken by his little son yesterday.,Look, the glass is broken! Who broke it ?,被動語態(tài),被動語態(tài),系表結(jié)構(gòu),系表結(jié)構(gòu),Feedback:,Choose the best answers:,— Is Bob still performing ? — I’m afraid not. He is said ______ the stage already as he has become an official. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left,2. — Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York? — I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to. will not be sent; that not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what,3. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused,4. Much attention should ____ the rapid increase in the number of cars on the roads, which may ____ traffic jams and more accidents. A. pay to;result in B. be paid;result from C. be paid to;result in D. be paid;result from,5. She is very shy and she is not used to ____ in front of others. A. praise B. praising C. being praised D. be praised,6. — What did the students think of the speech made by the lecturer yesterday? — To tell you the truth, the students were all ____ with the ___ speech. A. boring; boring B. boring; bored C. bored; bored D. bored; boring,7. My sister ______ a good chance to go abroad for further education. A. offered B. was offering C. has offered D. was offered 8. A book ____ more than once if you want to understand it better. A. must be readed B. must be read C. must to be read D. must read,9. Every possible means ____ to prevent the air pollution, but sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. have used D. has been used 10. —George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding ? —No. I __. Did they have a big wedding? was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite,1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. （2010 全國卷I） A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. （2010 上海卷） A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered,高考鏈接,3. I got caught in the rain and my suit__.（2010北京卷） A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 4. As the years passed, many occasions— birthdays, awards, graduations—_____ with Dad’s flowers.（2010 湖南卷） A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked,5. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.（2010 江蘇卷） A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached 6. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it ____ seriously.（2010上海春） A. damaged B. was being damaged C. had damaged D. had been damaged,7. If Newton lived today, he would be surprise by what ____ in science and technology. （2010 天津卷） A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered,8. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet. （2010 浙江卷） A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided,9. Leonardo da Vinci (1452—1519) _______ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. （2010重慶卷） A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought 10. —Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? —Yes, I have. I guess it ______ now. （2010 遼寧卷） A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grading,verbs often used in the passive voice,Answer Page 51.,bored with interested in 3. was founded 4. were employed 5. was surprised at 6. was accused of 7. was closed down 8. was purchased,Homework 1. Review what we learned today. 2. Preview Task.,Thank you!,同學們,來學校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學們,來學校和回家的路上要注意安全,