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,Direct speech and reported speech,publisher amazed senior designer recommend purchase best-seller,n. 出版商,出版公司 adj.大為驚奇 adj. 年長的;資歷較深的, 地位(或等級)較高的 n. 設(shè)計者，設(shè)計師 vt. 推薦 vt. 購買 n. 暢銷書，暢銷品,Words preview,T: What did you eat this morning? S1: I ate … T: What did S1 say, S2? S2: S1 said he/she had eaten …,direct speech,reported speech,She said, ‘China has been using PSAs to educate people.’ She said China had been using PSAs to educate people.,reported speech,direct speech,What’re the differences between direct speech and reported speech?,Differences,direct speech,reported speech,,◆To report what exactly has been said,◆The words usually appear in quotation marks,◆To report the meaning of what has been said without using the exact words,,◆No quotation marks,How to change direct speech into reported speech,Change what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase; b. Change personal pronouns; c. Change tenses; d. Change adverbials of time and place; e. Other cases.,He said, “I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much.,He said to me, “I’ve left my book in your room. He told me that he had left his book in my room.,,,Change personal pronouns:,,I said to her, “I have done my best.”,I told her that I had done my best.,,Past continuous,Past perfect,Past perfect,Future in the past,Past perfect,Past con-tinuous,The changes of the tenses,Simple past,Practice: Change the following sentences into reported speech.,1. ‘I haven’t brought my dictionary,’ the student said. 2. Tom said to them, ‘I will get excited.’ 3. My father said to me, ‘I am reading the book.’,The student said that he hadn’t brought his dictionary.,Tom told them that he would get excited.,My father told me that he was reading the book.,1. Personal pronouns and tenses; 2. Adverbials of time and place; He said, ‘I lost a key here yesterday.’ He said that he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day. ‘I read the book here a week ago,’ Jane said to him.,Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before.,,,What should we pay attention to?,,Practice: Change the following sentences into reported speech.,1. ‘I will come and see you again next week, Tom,’ he said. 2. ‘I saw Tom last night,’ she said. 3. The doctor said to the patient, ‘You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow.’,He told Tom that he would go and see him again the following week.,She said that she’d seen Tom the night before.,The doctor told the patient that he would have to wait till 3 pm the next/ following day.,1. Personal pronouns and tense; 2. Adverbials of time and place; 3. Other cases.,What else should we pay attention to?,She said, “I’ll come here again tonight.”,She said she would go there again that night.,He said, “I want this.”,He said that he wanted that.,May said to Tom, “I’ll bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”,May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day.,,,,由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語,下列情況時態(tài)不變:,1. 不變的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.” → The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.,,,2. 經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” → He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,,,3. 歷史事件： The teacher said, “World War II ended in 1945.” → The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.,,,4. 部分情態(tài)動詞,如must, ought to, used to, had better等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” → She said that I must hurry up.,,,,Exercise: Page 9,Possible answers: (1) was (2) wouldn be (3) had read (4) that (5) would (6) had bought (7) that (8) would (9) those (10) her,How to use reported speech to report:,statements,questions,imperative sentences,,1. 陳述句:,“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,I don’t like,computers.,told,didn’t,she,,,Sarah told her friends that she didn’t like computers.,,,,Tod said (that) there wasn’t any trouble and that he was waiting for his change.,注意: 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句并列時,僅能省略第一個that, 其余的不能省略。,Tod said, “There isn’t any trouble and I’m waiting for my change (零錢)”.,2. 一般疑問句: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ),,They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,asked,is,was,,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,,,3. 特殊疑問句： When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him ),,They asked him,when,you harvest the wheat,you harvest the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,,harvested,To report imperative sentences, we use the structure: reporting verb+ object+ (not)+ to-infinitive ‘Don’t worry, Mickey,’ Jen said. Jen asked Mickey not to worry. *other verbs can be used in this structure ‘Don’t believe every ad you read,’ Lily said to me. Lily advised me not to believe every ad I read.,,reporting verb,object,(not),to-infinitive,advise encourage invite remind warn,,4. 祈使句：,that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,whether / if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.,wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 John asked Mary when she would return him the book.,不定式 The officer ordered him not to leave his post.,that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.,that / what / how 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 He said that he was very happy.,Practice: Change the following sentences into direct speech.,1. Tom suggested that we should translate the book into English. 2. The student explained that he really didn’t know he had to finish the work a week before.,Tom said, ‘You’d better translate the book into English.’,The student said, ‘ I really don’t know I must finish the work a week ago.’,3. The teacher promised that he would give his students a few holidays at the end of that month.,The teacher said, ‘I will give my students a few holidays at the end of this month.’,Practice: Change the following sentences into reported speech.,1. My mother asked me, ‘Do you want to go to the Great Wall with me?’ 2. The teacher asked the boy, ‘How many pages have you read today?’,My mother asked me whether I wanted to go to the Great Wall with her.,The teacher asked the boy how many pages he had read that day.,3. I asked Li Ying, ‘When and where were you born?’,I asked Li Ying when and where he was born.,The teacher said, ‘You’d better wear soft shoes.’ The teacher advised us to wear soft shoes. The teacher said, ‘Think about it carefully before you answer.’ The teacher asked us to think about it carefully before we answered.,Practice: Change the following sentences into reported speech.,The teacher said, ‘Don’t leave your homework at home.’ The teacher reminded us not to leave our homework at home. The teacher said, ‘Don’t worry about your exam.’ The teacher told us not to worry about our exam.,My brother ordered me to go there at once. My father warned us not to throw the waste paper everywhere.,My brother said, ‘Come here at once.’,My father said to us, ‘Don’t throw the waste paper everywhere.’,,Exercise: Page 11,A 2 asked how it could help him remember English words. 3 asked whether/if it taught listening and speaking. 4 asked what the designer would do if she was not satisfied with the software. 5 asked whether/if it was easy to use.,B 2 encouragess us to use interesting and attractive photos. 3 recommends us we(should) use eye-catching logos. 4 suggests us we (should) make the slogans short and easy to remember. 5 tells us to make good use of colours to attract people’s attention.,,Exercise: Page 11,Quiz I,根據(jù)句型及句意將下列直接引語 變?yōu)殚g接引語，每空一詞。 1. Alice said, “I've just got a letter from my father.” Alice said that _____ _____ just got a letter from ______ father.,she,her,had,2. Jane asked Dick, “Have you finished writing the report?” Jane asked Dick __________ ___ _____ _______ writing the report.,whether/if,he,finished,had,3. “Don’t grow plants in the same place year after year,” the farmer said. The farmer _____ me ____ ____ _____ plants in the same place year after year.,told,not,grow,to,4. Mr. Smith said to the girl, “I will come here to see you next Sunday.” Mr. Smith _____ the girl that ___ _______ ___ there to see ____ _____ __________ Sunday.,told,he would go,her,the following,B) 根據(jù)句型及句意將下列間接引語變?yōu)? 直接引語，每空一詞。,1. He told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed. He ____ ____ me, “A friend in need ___ a friend indeed.”,said,is,to,2. She asked the students to tidy the lab. “______ the lab,” she _____ to the students. 3. He said that he liked the film very much. He said, “____ _____ the film very much.”,Tidy,said,I,like,4. She said that she had received a letter two days before. She said ,“___ _________ a letter ____ _____ ____ .” 5. He asked me whether I liked black tea or green tea. He asked me, “____ ____ _____ black tea or green tea?”,I,two days ago,Do you,like,received,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that ___ worried ___. A. he looked … today B. you look … today C. we looked … that day D. I looked … that day,Quiz II 單項選擇,2. We said to her, “They’re walking through the street now.” We told her that ___ through the street ___. A. we were walking … then B. you are walking … now C .they were walking … then D. they walking … now,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that __ a long way __. A. I had walked … last week B. he had walked … that week C. I walked … last week D. he has walked … this week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that __ take it back ____. A. I shall … tomorrow B. I shall … the next day C. he should … tomorrow D. he would … the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house?” They asked us ____ afraid to leave _____ house. A. that were we … this B. that we were … that C. if were we … this D. if we were … that,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked ____ about _____. A. that he heard … a week ago B. what he had heard … a week before C. what he had heard … a week ago D. if he heard … a week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time?” She asked whose house ____ break into _____. A. will he … next time B. would he … the next time C. he would … the next time D. he will … next time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where ____ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “Why haven’t you left here yet?” Black asked me why ____ yet. A. I hadn’t left there B. I haven’t left here C. hadn’t I left there D. haven’t I left here,10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east. A. if…rise B. if…rises C. whether…rose D. whether did …rise,Thank you!,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,