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高等院校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)考試樣題Ⅰ （翻譯部分，原書(shū)P. 43-44） Section A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English （原 文） 　　近讀報(bào)紙，對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)名片和請(qǐng)柬的議論頗多，于是想起客居巴黎時(shí)經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到的法國(guó)人手中的名片和請(qǐng)柬，隨筆記下來(lái)，似乎不無(wú)借鑒之處。 　　在巴黎，名目繁多的酒會(huì)、冷餐會(huì)是廣交朋友的好機(jī)會(huì)。在這種場(chǎng)合陌生人相識(shí)，如果是亞洲人，他們往往開(kāi)口之前先畢恭畢敬地用雙手把自己的名片呈遞給對(duì)方，這好像是不可缺少的禮節(jié)。然而，法國(guó)人一般卻都不大主動(dòng)遞送名片，雙方見(jiàn)面寒喧幾句甚至海闊天空地聊一番也就各自走開(kāi)。只有當(dāng)雙方談話投機(jī)，希望繼續(xù)交往時(shí)，才會(huì)主動(dòng)掏出名片。二話不說(shuō)先遞名片反倒有些勉強(qiáng)。 　　法國(guó)人的名片講究樸素大方，印制精美，但很少有鑲金邊兒的，閃光多色的或帶香味兒的，名片上的字體纖細(xì)秀麗，本人的名字也不過(guò)分突出，整張紙片上空白很大，毫無(wú)擁擠不堪的感覺(jué)。 （參考譯文） 　　In reading recent newspapers, I have come to find that people in China have become more and more interested in discussing about name cards and invitation letters. This has triggered my reminiscences of the name cards and invitation letters of the French people that I saw when I was residing in Paris. In writing down those random reminiscences, I believe that they might provide some useful information for us to learn from. 　　In Paris, all the wine parties and buffet receptions held on various occasions provide optimum opportunities to make friends with all varieties of people. When encountering a stranger on such an occasion, an Asian would invariably hand over his name card to the newly-met stranger with full reverence, with both of his hands, even before he starts to converse with the stranger. Such an act seems to have become an indispensable ritual (formality/ etiquette). By contrast, an average Frenchman seldom takes the initiative to (offers to / volunteers to) present his name card. Instead, he would simply walk away after an exchange of routine greetings or even some aimless (random/ casual) chat. Only when both sides become deeply engrossed (engaged / involved) in their conversation and have the intention to make further acquaintance with each other would they offer to give their name cards. It would seem somehow bizarre if a French person offers his name card without saying anything to the stranger in the first place. 　　The French tend to take extraordinary precaution to make their name cards simple yet elegant. Exquisitely designed and printed, their name cards are seldom golden-framed, or colorfully shiny, or tinted with fragrant smells. The letters as appear on their name cards tend to be diminutive but beautiful, not allowing the name of the card-bearer to be overly prominent/salient. The entire card contains much empty space, imparting no sense of over-crowdedness. Section B: Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese （原 文） 　　Four months before the election day, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten oclock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted. Even so, the men kept the door shut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting. Their aim was to devise a strategy that would guarantee Ronald Reagans resounding reelection to a second term in the White House. 　　It should have been easy. These were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ones to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nations economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a topflight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John. F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America -a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government. （參考譯文） 　　在離選舉日還有四個(gè)月的時(shí)間，有五個(gè)人聚集在里根－布什總部的一個(gè)小型會(huì)議室里，翻著看一張碩大無(wú)比的日歷，日歷上清晰地標(biāo)識(shí)出了1984年總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選剩下的日子。這是六月份的最后一個(gè)星期六的上午10時(shí)，整幢辦公樓的其他部分幾近人去樓空。即便如此，這幾個(gè)人仍將大門(mén)緊閉，小心翼翼地拉下窗簾。三個(gè)主要人物及其二個(gè)副手從美國(guó)的不同地方匯聚在一起，召開(kāi)一個(gè)殊為重要的會(huì)議。他們的目標(biāo)是構(gòu)思出一種策略，來(lái)確保里根能再次當(dāng)選，在第二任期內(nèi)再度入主白宮。 　　要謀求再次當(dāng)選理應(yīng)輕而易舉。這是一些久經(jīng)沙場(chǎng)的退伍老兵，與里根有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的漫長(zhǎng)聯(lián)系，與共和黨的聯(lián)系甚至更為久遠(yuǎn)。這些人深諳總統(tǒng)政治，一如他們熟知這個(gè)國(guó)家中的所有政治事務(wù)那樣。競(jìng)選的背景十分宜人，可供大做文章的好消息俯拾皆是：美國(guó)正置身于太平盛世之中；作為選舉的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素，整個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)在步出蕭條期之后正強(qiáng)勁反彈。此外，競(jìng)選本身所籌得的款項(xiàng)更是不計(jì)其數(shù)。用于支付一流水平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)班子工作人員工資、進(jìn)行巡回造勢(shì)、以及制作播放電視廣告的錢(qián)款綽綽有余。最為重要的是，他們所推介的總統(tǒng)候選人是羅納爾德 里根（Ronald Reagan），一位風(fēng)度翩翩，魅力無(wú)窮，又極具迷人溝通技巧的執(zhí)政總統(tǒng)。與約翰F肯尼迪（John F. Kennedy）以來(lái)的任何一位歷屆總統(tǒng)相比，里根更成功地勾勒出了一幅廣闊的關(guān)于美國(guó)未來(lái)的前景--美國(guó)將成了一個(gè)重振軍事雄風(fēng)、民眾富于個(gè)人進(jìn)取心、聯(lián)邦政府更加精簡(jiǎn)高效的國(guó)家。 　 高等院校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)考試樣題Ⅱ （翻譯部分，原書(shū)P. 73-74） Section A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English （原 文） 　　來(lái)美國(guó)求學(xué)的中國(guó)學(xué)生與其他亞裔學(xué)生一樣，大多非?？炭嗲趭^，周末也往往會(huì)抽出一天甚至兩天的時(shí)間去實(shí)驗(yàn)室加班，因而比起美國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái)，成果出得較多。我的導(dǎo)師是亞裔人，嗜煙好酒，脾氣暴躁。但他十分欣賞亞裔學(xué)生勤奮與扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，也特別了解亞裔學(xué)生的心理。因此，在他實(shí)驗(yàn)室所招的學(xué)生中，除有一名來(lái)自德國(guó)外，其余5位均是亞裔學(xué)生。他干脆在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的門(mén)上貼一醒目招牌："本室助研必須每周工作7天，早10時(shí)至晚12時(shí)，工作時(shí)間必須全力以赴。"這位導(dǎo)師的嚴(yán)格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位學(xué)生被招進(jìn)他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，最后博士畢業(yè)的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顧別人勸阻，硬著頭皮接受了導(dǎo)師的資助，從此開(kāi)始了艱難的求學(xué)旅程。 （參考譯文） 　　Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. 　　My supervisor ( advisor / tutor) is of Asian origin who is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp (an irritable) temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into the psychology of Asian students. Hence, of all the students recruited by his laboratory, except for one German, the rest five were all from Asia. He even put a striking notice on the door of his lab, which read, "All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10 AM to 12 PM. Nothing but work during the working hours." This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. In the course of the 3 and half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed on until they graduated with their Ph. D. degrees. 　　In the summer of 1990, ignoring the remonstrations (admonishments / dissuasions) from others, I accepted my supervisors sponsorship and embarked on the difficult journey of academic pursuit (undertaking further studies in the United States). Section B: Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese （原 文） 　　Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another. （參考譯文） 　　聆聽(tīng)歌劇，無(wú)疑昂貴至極。但是，昂貴的事物并非必定屬于富人的范疇，除非我們放棄社會(huì)的選擇權(quán)。我們可以選擇去使歌劇以及其他某些昂貴的文化形式也能為那些不具備個(gè)人支付能力的人所享受。但問(wèn)題是，我們有必要這么做嗎？沒(méi)人會(huì)否認(rèn)食物、居所、防護(hù)、健康與教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前時(shí)代的洞穴中，人類伸出手來(lái)，早就不單純是為了吃、喝或搏殺，而且亦進(jìn)行繪畫(huà)創(chuàng)作。人類對(duì)于文化的沖動(dòng)，通過(guò)形象思維和再現(xiàn)手段來(lái)表現(xiàn)并探索世界的欲望，乃亙古有之。在歐洲，這一欲望在我們的音樂(lè)、藝術(shù)、文學(xué)和戲劇杰作中尋找到了其實(shí)現(xiàn)形式。這些杰作構(gòu)成了我們?nèi)颗Φ脑嚱鹗?。作為試金石，它們能衡量出人類的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。它們攜帶著最寓意深刻的主題，可在人類彼此間相互傳遞。 　 高等院校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)考試樣題Ⅲ （翻譯部分，原書(shū)P. 105-106） Section A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English （原 文） 　　1997年2月24日我們代表團(tuán)下榻日月潭中信大飯店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3點(diǎn)了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只見(jiàn)四周峰巒疊翠，湖面波光粼粼。望著臺(tái)灣這僅有的景色如畫(huà)的天然湖泊，我想了許多，許多…… 　　這次到臺(tái)灣訪問(wèn)交流，雖然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，訪了舊友，交了新知，大家走到一起，談?wù)摰囊粋€(gè)重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀(jì)的強(qiáng)盛。雖然祖國(guó)大陸、臺(tái)灣的青年生活在不同的社會(huì)環(huán)境中，有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)歷，但大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)的印記，都擁有著振興中華民族的共同理想。在世紀(jì)之交的偉大時(shí)代，我們的祖國(guó)正在走向繁榮富強(qiáng)，海峽兩岸人民也將加強(qiáng)交流，共同推進(jìn)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完成。世紀(jì)之交的寶貴機(jī)遇和巨大挑戰(zhàn)將青年推到了歷史前臺(tái)?？缡兰o(jì)青年一代應(yīng)該用什么樣的姿態(tài)迎接充滿希望的新世紀(jì)，這是我們必須回答的問(wèn)題。 　　日月潭水波不興，仿佛與我一同在思索…… （參考譯文） 　　On February 2, 1997, our delegation checked into the ZhongXin Hotel by the side of the Riyuetai Lake. It was already 3 oclock early the next morning by the time I saw off the last group of guests. For a long time, I could not fall asleep, even though I was comfortably lying in the bed. Putting on my clothes again, I got off the bed and walked to the window. Extending my eyes into the distance through the window, I was greeted by the view of the surrounding mountains and hills shrouded in layered greenness and the silvery flickering of waves scuttling across the surface of the Pool. Looking at the sole naturally-formed picturesque lake in Taiwan, I felt an infinite train of thoughts passing through my mind … … 　　The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation). In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness. People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. The precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage). At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer. 　　In the Riyuetai Lake, the waves across the lake surface have by now all vanished. Enveloped in utter tranquility, the Lake has joined me in deep thoughts … … Section B: Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese （原 文） 　　I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive overphrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent - e. g. in painting and music -they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an "English tradition" after all. 　　To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own - and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend. （參考譯文） 　　在某種程度上，我贊同我那假想中的英國(guó)讀者的觀點(diǎn)。美國(guó)文學(xué)史家或許慣于過(guò)分狹隘地看待其本國(guó)文壇，誤將卓著當(dāng)作獨(dú)特。他們確實(shí)會(huì)用過(guò)多的筆墨來(lái)渲染其本國(guó)文學(xué)，至少，對(duì)其次要作家他們肯定會(huì)這樣做。此外，美國(guó)人確實(shí)會(huì)走極端，要么咄咄逼人地大肆渲染其文學(xué)，要么進(jìn)行著同樣不幸的亦步亦趨式的頂禮膜拜。但反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)，英國(guó)人自己在其文學(xué)鑒賞中也顯得有些狹隘愚陋。此外，在他們并無(wú)上乘表現(xiàn)的領(lǐng)域--例如繪畫(huà)與音樂(lè)，他們也會(huì)走極端，不是吹噓他們本國(guó)的作品，就是大肆模仿歐洲大陸的作品。有多少幅英國(guó)繪畫(huà)試圖看上去仿佛是在巴黎完成的；但我們又有多少次曾在文章中讀到它們真正代表著一種"英國(guó)式的傳統(tǒng)"呢？ 　　那么，要談?wù)撁绹?guó)文學(xué)，倒并非意欲斷言，它與歐洲文學(xué)全然大相徑庭。廣而言之，美國(guó)與歐洲一直同步發(fā)展，協(xié)調(diào)一致。在任何一個(gè)特定的時(shí)刻，旅行者在兩地均能目睹同一樣式的建筑實(shí)例，相同款式的服飾，書(shū)架上相同的書(shū)籍。在大西洋兩岸，思想如同人員與貨物往來(lái)一樣自由交流，盡管有時(shí)會(huì)略顯遲緩。當(dāng)我提及美國(guó)式的習(xí)慣、思想等概念時(shí)，我意欲在"美國(guó)式的"這一詞匯之前加上某種限定，因?yàn)闅W美（尤其是英美）之間的差異往往只是程度上的差異而已，并且有時(shí)候僅僅只是微乎其微的一點(diǎn)程度差異而已。差異的多寡是件極為微妙的事務(wù)，這極容易使一個(gè)英國(guó)人在審視美國(guó)時(shí)大惑不解。他所審視的那個(gè)國(guó)家，從某些重要的意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，誕生于他自己的國(guó)家，并在某些方面仍與他自己的國(guó)家相差無(wú)幾--然而，它卻實(shí)實(shí)在在是一個(gè)異邦。兩者間存在著某些古怪的交替重迭，以及令人甚感突兀的陌生感；親緣關(guān)系已讓位于一種突如其來(lái)的異化與疏遠(yuǎn)，這種情景仿佛就像我們隔著馬路向另一個(gè)人打招呼，結(jié)果卻從這個(gè)人漠無(wú)表情的反應(yīng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們?cè)瓉?lái)竟然錯(cuò)將生人當(dāng)成了熟人。 　 高等院校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)考試樣題Ⅳ （翻譯部分 ，原書(shū)P. 136-137） Section A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English （原 文） 　　加拿大的溫哥華1986年剛剛度過(guò)百歲生日，但城市的發(fā)展令世界矚目。以港立市，以港興市，是許多港口城市生存發(fā)展的道路。經(jīng)過(guò)百年開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)，有著天然不凍良港的溫哥華，成為舉世聞名的港口城市，同亞洲、大洋洲、歐洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班輪，年貨物吞吐量達(dá)到8，000萬(wàn)噸，全市就業(yè)人口中有三分之一從事貿(mào)易與運(yùn)輸行業(yè)。 　　溫哥華（Vancouver）的輝煌是溫哥華人智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族的貢獻(xiàn)。加拿大地廣人稀，國(guó)土面積比中國(guó)還大，人口卻不足3000萬(wàn)。吸收外來(lái)移民，是加拿大長(zhǎng)期奉行的國(guó)策?？梢哉f(shuō)，加拿大除了印第安人外，無(wú)一不是外來(lái)移民，不同的只是時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短而已。溫哥華則更是世界上屈指可數(shù)的多民族城市?，F(xiàn)今180萬(wàn)溫哥華居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4個(gè)居民中就有一個(gè)是亞洲人。而25萬(wàn)華人對(duì)溫哥華的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。他們其中有一半是近5年才來(lái)到溫哥華地區(qū)的，使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國(guó)人聚居地。 （參考譯文） 　　In 1986, Vancouver, Canada, just marked its centennial anniversary, but the achievements made by the city in its urban development have already captured worldwide attention. To build up a city and model its economy on the basis of a harbor is the usual practice that port cities resort to for their existence and development. After a centurys construction and development, Vancouver, which boasts of a naturally-formed ice-free harbor, has become an internationally celebrated port city, operating regular ocean liners with Asia, Oceania, Europe and Latin America. Its annual cargo-handling capacity reaches 80 million tons, with one third of the citys employed population engaged in trade and transportation business. 　　The glorious achievements of Vancouver is the crystallization (fruition) of the wisdom (intelligence) and the industry of the Vancouver people as a whole, including the contributions made by a diversity of ethnic minorities. Canada is a large country with a small population. Although its territory is bigger than that of China, it only has a population of less than 30 million people. Consequently, to attract and to accept foreign immigrants have become a national policy long observed by Canada. It can be safely asserted that, except for Indians, all Canadian citizens are foreign immigrants, differing only in the length of time they have settled in Canada. Vancouver, in particular, is one of the few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world. At present, among the 1.8 million Vancouver residents, half of them are not native-born and one out of every four residents is from Asia. The 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in facilitating the transformation of the Vancouver economy. Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver only over the past five years, making Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where the Chinese concentrate. Section B: Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese （原 文） 　　In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places. 　　In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce. 　　Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family -they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension. （參考譯文） 　　在某些社會(huì)中，人們希望擁有孩子是出于所謂的家庭原因：傳宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取祖輩的歡心，使那些涉及到整個(gè)家族的宗教儀式得以發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的作用。此類原因在現(xiàn)代世俗化的社會(huì)中似顯蒼白，但它們?cè)谄渌胤皆欢葮?gòu)成并確實(shí)仍在構(gòu)成強(qiáng)有力的理由。 此外，有一類家庭原因與下列類別不無(wú)共通之處，這便是：生兒育女是為著維系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于無(wú)所事事；修復(fù)婚姻或?yàn)榛橐鲎⑷胄碌幕盍?；多子多孫，以為家庭幸福，惟系于此。這一點(diǎn)更可因其相反情形而得以凸現(xiàn)：在某些社會(huì)中，無(wú)法生兒育女（或無(wú)法生育男孩）于婚姻而言可構(gòu)成一種威脅，并可作為離婚的一個(gè)順理成章的（或現(xiàn)成的）緣由。 　　除了所有這一切以外，還有一個(gè)原因，那就是后代對(duì)于家庭這一體制本身所具有的深遠(yuǎn)意義。對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，夫婦兩人尚不足以構(gòu)成一個(gè)真正意義上的家庭--夫妻需要孩子來(lái)豐富其兩人小天地，賦予該小天地以真正意義上的家庭性質(zhì)，并從子孫后代身上獲取某種回報(bào)。 　　孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩子。作為一種社會(huì)體制，家庭以其特有的方式，至少?gòu)脑瓌t上說(shuō)，可在一個(gè)變幻莫測(cè)、常常是充滿敵意的世界中讓人從中獲取某種安全、慰藉、保障，以及價(jià)值取向。于大多數(shù)人而言，這樣的一個(gè)家庭基 高等院校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)考試樣題Ⅴ （翻譯部分，原書(shū)P. 167-168） Section A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English （原 文） 　　徐霞客一生周游考察了16個(gè)省，足跡幾乎遍及全國(guó)。他在考察的過(guò)程中，從來(lái)不盲目迷信書(shū)本上的結(jié)論。他發(fā)現(xiàn)前人研究地理的記載有許多不很可靠的地方。為了進(jìn)行真實(shí)細(xì)致的考察，他很少乘車坐船，幾乎全靠雙腳翻山越嶺，長(zhǎng)途跋涉；為了弄清大自然的真相，他總是挑選道路艱險(xiǎn)的山區(qū)，人煙稀少的森林進(jìn)行考察，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多奇山秀景；他常常選擇不同的時(shí)間和季節(jié)，多次重游各地名山，反復(fù)觀察變換的奇景。 （參考譯文） 　　During his lifetime, Xu Xiake traveled around and conducted surveys in 16 provinces. He left his footsteps in virtually every part of the country. In the process of conducting his surveys and investigations, he would never blindly embrace the conclusions recorded in previous documents. Instead, he discovered that the documentations made by his predecessors in their geographical studies were not quite reliable in many aspects. In order to ensure that his reconnaissance were real and detailed, he seldom traveled by ship or by wagon. He climbed over mountains and hills and traveled long distances almost entirely on foot. In order to develop a true picture of the natural world, he made it a point of undertaking his expeditions in those mountain areas where roads were difficult to travel and in those woods that were sparsely populated. In this way he discovered many marvelous mountains and beautiful scenes. He frequently chose different times and seasons of the year to make repeated visits to the famous mountains across the country so that he could make repeated observations of their wonderful scenery that kept changing all year round. Section B: Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese （原 文） 　　The thirty-second day out of Bombay began inauspiciously. In the morning a sea smashed one of the galley doors. We dashed in through lots of steam and found the cook very wet and indignant with the ship